Which one of the following agents does not contribute to propagation of plants through seed dispersal?

Seed dispersal is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant to ensure survival and colonization. The primary agents of dispersal are categorized into abiotic and biotic vectors. Abiotic agents include wind (anemochory), which transports light or winged seeds [3], and water (hydrochory), which carries buoyant seeds through streams or oceans. Biotic agents primarily consist of animals (zoochory), including mammals, birds, and insects, which disperse seeds through consumption or attachment [1]. While fungi are non-green organisms that act as saprophytes or parasites, they do not serve as agents for the propagation of plants via seed dispersal. In fact, fungi themselves rely on external vectors like wind and animals for the dispersal of their own spores [4]. Therefore, among the given options, fungus is the only agent that does not contribute to the propagation of plants through seed dispersal.

Sources

1. [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12407044/
2. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/seed-dispersal
3. [4] https://www.britannica.com/science/seed-dispersal