Which one of the following cities will never get the vertical rays of the sun ?

The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year only on latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S) [4]. This region is known as the torrid zone. Beyond these latitudes, the sun's rays are always slanted and never fall vertically [2]. In India, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country, dividing it into a tropical south and a subtropical north [3]. Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), Mumbai (Maharashtra), and Kolkata (West Bengal) are all located south of or very close to the Tropic of Cancer, allowing them to experience vertical sun rays [4]. However, Srinagar is located in Jammu and Kashmir at a much higher latitude (approximately 34° N), well beyond the Tropic of Cancer. Consequently, Srinagar will never receive the vertical rays of the sun.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Latitudinal Heat Zones of The Earth > p. 242
2. [4] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 18: Latitudes and Longitudes > Important Parallels of Latitudes > p. 240
3. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Geography Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature > Variability of Insolation at the Surface of the Earth > p. 68
4. [3] CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: Climate > Latitude > p. 27