Which one of the following is the common element among Raj agriha, Vaishali and Pataliputra ?

Rajagriha, Vaishali, and Pataliputra are historically significant as the venues for the first three Buddhist Councils. The First Buddhist Council was held at Rajagriha shortly after the Buddha's death under the patronage of King Ajatasatru to preserve his teachings [1]. The Second Buddhist Council took place at Vaishali approximately a century later to resolve disputes regarding monastic discipline [3]. The Third Buddhist Council was convened at Pataliputra during the reign of Emperor Ashoka to purify the Sangha and establish the Theravada orthodoxy [1]. While these locations are central to the history of Buddhist councils, they do not share a commonality regarding the discovery of Ashokan Major Rock Edicts, which are primarily found in frontier regions rather than the Magadhan heartland [2]. Therefore, the common element is their role as hosts for these pivotal religious assemblies [4].

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Rise of Territorial Kingdoms and New Religious Sects > Buddhist Councils > p. 42
2. [3] https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/content/dam/bihar-tourism/e_brochures/buddhist/buddha-circuit-eng.pdf
3. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Emergence of State and Empire > Edicts of Ashoka > p. 52
4. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_councils