Which one of the following countries has adopted a nevi Constitution in the year 2008 aiming to pursue a modern, multi-party democratic system and giving more power to the judiciary and legislature ?

The correct answer is Option 2 (Bhutan).

Bhutan underwent a historic transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 2008. On July 18, 2008, the country officially adopted its first written Constitution, marking the formalization of a multi-party democratic system. This transition was initiated by the Fourth King, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, to empower the citizens and ensure long-term political stability.

• Judiciary and Legislature: The 2008 Constitution established a bicameral Parliament and ensured the independence of the judiciary, significantly shifting power away from the monarch to elected representatives and legal institutions.
• Other Options: Japan’s current constitution dates back to 1947. While the Maldives adopted a new constitution in 2008, it was primarily focused on transitioning to a presidential republic. Singapore’s constitutional framework evolved differently, following its 1965 independence.

Therefore, Bhutan is the specific country that fits the criteria of adopting a new constitution in 2008 to pursue a modern parliamentary democracy.