With which one of the following did the Civil Disobedience Movement in India commence?

The Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) officially commenced with the Dandi March, which began on March 12, 1930 [3]. Mahatma Gandhi, accompanied by 78 chosen followers, marched from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi to protest the British monopoly and tax on salt [4]. The movement was formally initiated on April 6, 1930, when Gandhi reached Dandi and broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt [3]. This symbolic act triggered a nationwide wave of salt satyagraha and various forms of civil disobedience, including no-tax campaigns and the boycott of foreign goods [4]. While the Lahore Congress of 1929 had authorized the movement and Nehru had unfurled the national flag on December 31, 1929, to declare Purna Swaraj, the actual commencement of the mass struggle is historically identified with the Dandi March [3].

Sources

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
2. [3] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 11: MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT > Fig. 11.17 > p. 314
3. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > Dandi March > p. 51
4. [4] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > The Second Civil Disobedience Movement > p. 288