Which one of the following diseases in humans can spread through air ?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily transmitted through the air. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, the causative agents are released in small droplets that can remain suspended in the air and travel long distances [2]. In contrast, Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes [1]. HIV-AIDS is a viral infection transmitted through intimate physical contact, such as sexual intercourse, or through blood and vertical transmission from mother to child [3]. Goitre is a non-communicable condition typically caused by iodine deficiency in the diet, leading to thyroid enlargement, rather than an infectious pathogen. Therefore, among the given options, only Tuberculosis is classified as an airborne disease [2].

Sources

1. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > 7.3.3 (d) Reproductive Health > p. 125
2. [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK390441/
3. [3] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 35