Which one of the following groups belongs to the same school of thought?

The group in option 4 consists of Georgi Plekhanov, Vera Zasulich, Alexandra Kollontai, and V. I. Lenin, who all belong to the Russian Marxist/Social Democratic school of thought. Plekhanov is often regarded as the father of Russian Marxism, and along with Vera Zasulich, he was a founding member of the Emancipation of Labour group and later the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik faction of this party, while Kollontai was a prominent Marxist theorist and revolutionary [2]. In contrast, other options mix incompatible ideologies: option 1 combines Enlightenment thinkers with a military dictator (Cromwell) and an emperor (Napoleon); option 2 mixes early American liberals with Abraham Lincoln, who belonged to a later era of Republicanism; and option 3 pairs Marx and Engels with Mikhail Bakunin, an anarchist who was their ideological rival.

Sources

1. [1] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 13: Imperialism and its Onslaught > a) Causes of the Revolution Autocratic Rule of Tsars > p. 206
2. [2] India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution > 2.3 Socialism in Russia > p. 32