Which one of the following has highest energy ?

Among the given options, gamma-rays possess the highest energy. In the electromagnetic spectrum, energy is inversely proportional to wavelength. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths (approximately 0.0001 angstrom) compared to X-rays (approximately one angstrom), which gives them significantly higher energy and greater penetrating power [t4]. While alpha and beta particles have mass, gamma rays are weightless packets of pure energy (photons) [t1][t3]. Gamma rays originate from the nucleus and are generally higher in energy than X-rays, which are emitted from processes outside the nucleus [t1]. Due to this high energy, gamma rays can penetrate deeply into materials, requiring thick lead or concrete to be stopped, whereas alpha and beta particles are easily blocked by paper or thin metal [c1][t5]. Consequently, gamma radiation represents the most energetic form of ionizing radiation listed [t1][t5].

Sources

1. [1] https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-basics
2. [2] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > 5.9.3. Tlpes of radiation particles > p. 82