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Which one of the following is not a subject that has been devolved to the Panchayati Raj Institutions by the 11^^ Schedule of the Constitution of India ?
Explanation
The 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India, added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992, contains 29 functional items devolved to Panchayati Raj Institutions [5]. These subjects include 'Non-conventional energy resources' (Item 15), 'Roads' (Item 13, under roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways, and other means of communication), and 'Libraries' (Item 20). While the schedule includes 'Education, including primary and secondary schools' (Item 17) and 'Technical training and vocational education' (Item 18), it does not include 'Higher education'. Higher education typically remains under the jurisdiction of State or Central governments rather than local village bodies. The 11th Schedule focuses on rural development, poverty alleviation, and basic infrastructure to enable Panchayats to function as units of self-government [3].
Sources
- [3] https://www.tnrd.tn.gov.in/reports/firstsfc/english/4-3.pdf
- [4] https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/S11.pdf
- [5] https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s316026d60ff9b54410b3435b403afd226/uploads/2023/02/2023021879-1.pdf