Which one of the following is an organic acid?

Organic acids are characterized by the presence of carbon atoms in their molecular structure, often containing the carboxyl group (-COOH). Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak organic acid and the primary component of vinegar [2]. It is naturally occurring and widely used in organic chemistry for synthesizing esters and polymers. In contrast, hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) are classified as mineral or inorganic acids. These mineral acids are typically strong acids that dissociate completely in aqueous solutions, whereas organic acids like acetic acid are generally weak acids that do not fully ionize [1]. While mineral acids are derived from inorganic minerals, organic acids are often found in natural sources such as fruits, milk, and ants [2].

Sources

1. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts > Table 2.3 Some naturally occurring acids > p. 28
2. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts > 2.3 HOW STRONG ARE ACID OR BASE SOLUTIONS? > p. 26