The question asks us to identify which pair among the given options is not correctly matched.
Option 1 associates Martti Ahtisaari with peace. Martti Ahtisaari is a Finnish diplomat and politician who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008 for his efforts in resolving various conflicts. This option is correctly matched.
Option 2 associates Yoichiro Nambu with physics. Yoichiro Nambu was a Japanese-American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for his discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics. This option is correctly matched.
Option 3 associates Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio with literature. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio is a French author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2008. This option is correctly matched.
Option 4 associates Osamu Shimomura with physiology. Osamu Shimomura was a Japanese organic chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for his discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP). This option is incorrectly matched.
In conclusion, the correct answer is option 4, as the pairing of Osamu Shimomura with physiology is not correct.