Which one of the following peasant struggles was an outcome of British opium policy?

The Phulaguri Dhawa (1861) was the first major agrarian revolt in colonial Assam, primarily triggered by the British opium policy [2]. In 1860, the British government banned the private cultivation of poppy (opium), which was not only a popular addiction but also a vital part of the local agricultural economy. Simultaneously, the government planned to tax private gardens and betel nut cultivation, further aggravating the peasants. This led to a massive gathering of tribal peasants and fishermen in Phulaguri, Nowgong, resulting in a violent clash where a British officer, Lieutenant Singer, was killed [4]. In contrast, the Birsaite Ulgulan (1899-1900) was a tribal movement against the destruction of common land holdings [2], the Pabna Revolt (1873) focused on occupancy rights and rent hikes in Bengal, and the Maratha Peasant Uprising (1875) targeted moneylenders in the Deccan [3].

Sources

1. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Munda Rebellion > p. 292
2. [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phulaguri_Uprising
3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Peasant Movements with Religious Overtones > p. 152