The region of India that is currently regarded as an `ecological hot spot` is the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian subcontinent, spanning six states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. It is recognized as one of the world`s eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Here are some reasons why the Western Ghats are considered an ecological hot spot:

1. Biodiversity: The Western Ghats are known for their incredible biodiversity. They are home to a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic, meaning they are found only in this region. The Ghats are estimated to harbor over 5,000 species of flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, and 6000 insect species. This richness in biodiversity makes it a globally significant ecological region.

2. Unique Ecosystems: The Western Ghats encompass a diverse range of ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, grasslands, and montane forests. These varied habitats support a wide range of flora and fauna, contributing to the ecological significance of the region.

3. Threatened Species: The Western Ghats are home to several endangered and critically endangered species. For example, the lion-tailed macaque, Nilgiri tahr, and Malabar civet are all endemic to the Western Ghats and face the risk of extinction. The presence of threatened species emphasizes the importance of conserving this ecological hot spot.

4. Water Catchment Area: The Western Ghats act as a major water catchment area, supplying water to several rivers, lakes, and reservoirs that are vital for both human and wildlife populations. The rivers originating from the Western Ghats provide water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and drinking purposes, making it an important resource for millions of people.

5. Conservation Efforts: Recognizing the ecological importance of the Western Ghats, various conservation initiatives have been undertaken to protect this region. The Western Ghats are divided into numerous national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved forests, providing protected habitats for numerous species. Additionally, several organizations and government agencies are working towards the conservation of the Western Ghats by promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness about its ecological significance.

It is important to note that while the Eastern Ghats also possess ecological importance, they are not currently regarded as an ecological hot spot to the same extent as the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats` higher levels of biodiversity, unique ecosystems, and conservation efforts have contributed to its recognition as an ecological hot spot both within India and globally.