Which one of the following river valleys of India is under the influence of intensive gully erosion?

The Chambal river valley is the most prominent example of intensive gully erosion in India, leading to the formation of a unique 'badland topography' known as the Chambal Ravines [2]. These ravines are deep-sided channels cut into poorly consolidated sediments, often several meters deep, primarily located in the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh [3]. While other rivers like the Brahmaputra are characterized by bank erosion and braided channels, and the Kosi is known for channel shifting, the Chambal is specifically defined by its extensive network of gullies and ravines [2]. This erosion is so severe that it has necessitated large-scale reclamation schemes involving gully plugging and afforestation to prevent further land degradation [3]. The development of these badlands is attributed to both natural triggers like neotectonics and anthropogenic factors such as overgrazing [5].

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > types of Soil Erosion > p. 18
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 17: Major Landforms and Cycle of Erosion > Badland Topography > p. 235
3. [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 6: Soils > 5. Reclamation of Ravine and Badlands > p. 24
4. [5] https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10215757/1/Majhi%20et%20al.%20%282023%29%20-%20India%20Gully%20Review%20-%20ESPL.pdf