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Which one of the following statements is correct ?
Explanation
Covalent bonds are characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, which occurs in specific directions to maximize orbital overlap. This spatial orientation makes covalent bonds highly directional, influencing the geometry and symmetry of the resulting molecules. In contrast, ionic bonds are non-directional because they arise from electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions. Since an ion's electric field extends uniformly in all directions, it can attract ions of the opposite charge from any orientation. Therefore, while covalent bonds have specific bond angles and orientations, ionic bonds do not possess such directional constraints. This fundamental difference explains why covalently bonded materials often have lower symmetry compared to ionically bonded crystals.