Which one of the following statements is correct ? Transfer of heat energy from a heater coil to the cooking vessel takes place through the process of

The transfer of heat from a heater coil to a cooking vessel involves all three modes of heat transfer. Conduction occurs through direct physical contact between the heating element and the vessel, allowing heat to flow from the hotter coil to the colder pan [c1][t1]. Convection takes place as the air surrounding the heater coil is heated, becomes less dense, and rises to transfer thermal energy to the vessel's surface [t2][t4]. Additionally, all hot objects, including the heater coil, emit thermal energy via infrared radiation, which travels through space and is absorbed by the cooking vessel without requiring a medium [c4][t5]. While the relative contribution of each mode varies depending on the stove type (e.g., electric coil vs. radiant glass top), all three mechanisms—conduction, convection, and radiation—are fundamentally present in the process of heating a utensil over a heat source [c1][t2].

Sources

1. [1] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Heat Transfer in Nature > Why is it more comfortable to wear white or light-coloured clothes during summers and dark-coloured clothes during winters? > p. 97
2. [2] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 7: Heat Transfer in Nature > 7.2.1 Land and Sea Breeze > p. 96