Option 1 states that temperatures decrease from the equator to the poles. This statement is correct and is based on the Earth`s spherical shape and the way sunlight is distributed across the planet. As you move away from the equator towards the poles, the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth`s surface becomes more oblique, resulting in less direct heat and lower temperatures.

Option 2 claims that temperatures in equatorial regions change substantially from January to July. This statement is not correct. Equatorial regions, specifically near the equator, experience relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year. These regions receive ample sunlight and have minimal seasonal variations, resulting in little to no temperature change between January and July. Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer to the question.

Option 3 mentions that large land masses located in the subarctic and arctic zones develop centers of extremely low temperatures in winter. This statement is correct. The subarctic and arctic regions, such as Siberia and Alaska, experience extremely cold temperatures during the winter due to their distance from the equator and the presence of ice and snow.

Option 4 states that highlands are always colder than surrounding lowlands. This statement is generally correct. As altitude increases, the air becomes thinner, and the temperature typically