Which one of the following theories of Communism is not a doctrine of Karl Marx?

Karl Marx's core communist doctrines include Dialectical Materialism, which serves as the philosophical world outlook of Marxism [t2], and Historical Materialism, which applies these principles to the study of social life and history [t2][t8]. Marx also famously theorized Class Struggle, asserting that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class conflicts between the propertied and the working classes [c1][t5]. In contrast, the 'Theory of New Democracy' is a distinct Maoist doctrine developed by Mao Zedong [t4]. Unlike the Marxian 'dictatorship of the proletariat,' New Democracy proposed an alliance of all social classes to transition China from an agricultural society to a socialist one [c2][t4]. While Mao utilized Marxist dialectics, the specific concept of New Democracy was his strategic adaptation for the Chinese revolution rather than a doctrine authored by Karl Marx [t4][t6].

Sources

1. [1] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Europe in Turmoil > Karl Marx and Scientific Socialism > p. 180
2. [2] Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: Paths to Modernisation > The Rise of the Communist Party of China > p. 172
3. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_materialism