Kautilya’s Saptanga Theory of the State is a theory that outlines the seven essential elements of a well-governed state. These seven elements are Amatya (Ministry), Janapada (Territory), Durga (Fortress), Kosha (Treasury), Danda (Army), Mitra (Allies), and Dhamma (Morality).
Option 1: Amatya refers to the ministry or the council of ministers in the state. It is responsible for assisting the king in making decisions and implementing policies.
Option 2: Janapada refers to the territory or the land controlled by the state. It includes the geographical boundaries and the people living within those boundaries.
Option 3: Durga refers to the fortress or the defense system of the state. It includes the fortifications, walls, and other structures that protect the state from external threats.
Option 4: Dhamma refers to morality or ethical governance. It emphasizes the importance of the king and the state following moral principles and ethical conduct.
Therefore, option 4, Dhamma, was not a part of Kautilya’s Saptanga Theory of the State. Alert - correct answer should be Option 3: Durga.