The correct answer is option 1, dried rhizome. Turmeric powder is obtained from the dried rhizome of the turmeric plant. A rhizome is a horizontal, underground stem that grows roots and shoots from its nodes. In the case of turmeric, the rhizome is the part that is harvested and dried to make the yellow-orange powder that we commonly know as turmeric.

Option 2, dried root, is not the correct answer. While the rhizome of the turmeric plant can be considered a type of root, it is more specifically referred to as a rhizome due to its horizontal growth pattern and ability to produce new shoots.

Option 3, dried fruit, is incorrect. Turmeric is not obtained from the fruit of the turmeric plant. It is the rhizome that is used for its culinary and medicinal properties.

Option 4, seed, is also incorrect. Turmeric powder is not derived from the seeds of the turmeric plant. Seeds are typically used for propagating new turmeric plants, but they do not contain the beneficial compounds that are present in the rhizome.