Who among the following was an ally of Mir Qasim in the Battle of Buxar ?

The Battle of Buxar, fought on October 22, 1764, was a pivotal conflict between the British East India Company and a triple alliance of Indian powers. Following his defeat in Bengal in 1763, Mir Qasim fled to Awadh, where he formed a strategic confederacy with Shuja-ud-Daulah (the Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam II (the Mughal Emperor) [c1][c2]. The combined forces of these three allies faced the British army, led by Major Hector Munro, at Buxar [c3][t3]. The British achieved a decisive victory, which led to the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, granting the Company Diwani rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa [c4][t5]. Among the given options, Haider Ali was the ruler of Mysore, Maharaja Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire much later, and Malhar Rao Holkar was a Maratha leader not directly involved in this specific alliance [t2].

Sources

1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 4: The British Conquest of India > Courtesy; National Archives of India, New Delhi > p. 70
2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 16: The Coming of the Europeans > Battle of Buxar (1764) > p. 258
3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 5: Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India > The Battle > p. 91
4. [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 4: India on the Eve of British Conquest > Weak Rulers after Aurangzeb—An Internal Challenge > p. 63