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Why is Graphite used in electrolytic cells ?
Explanation
Graphite is primarily used in electrolytic cells because it is a good conductor of electricity [2]. Unlike most non-metals, graphite's unique atomic structure consists of hexagonal layers where carbon atoms are sp² hybridized, leaving free electrons that can move between the layers [1]. This mobility allows graphite to conduct electricity efficiently, which is essential for the transmission of electrons in an electrode during electrolysis. While graphite is also chemically inert and resists heat, making it stable in reactive environments, its fundamental role in an electrolytic cell is to facilitate the flow of current. Its conductivity reduces internal resistance and energy consumption during the electrochemical process. Other properties like its layered structure and softness make it a good lubricant, but they are not the primary reason for its use as an electrode.
Sources
- [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds > Allotropes of carbon > p. 61
- [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals > Table 3.1 > p. 40