Why is hydrolysis an effective form of chemical decomposition of bedrock in humid tropics? 1. Humid tropics experience high temperature and humidity. 2. There is high diurnal range in temperature. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Hydrolysis is a dominant chemical weathering process in the humid tropics because these regions provide the two essential catalysts: high temperature and abundant moisture [1]. Chemical reactions, including hydrolysis, are significantly accelerated by heat; studies indicate that the rate of chemical weathering increases approximately 2.5 times for every 10°C rise in temperature. In humid tropical climates (Af and Am), the constant availability of water allows for deep penetration into bedrock, facilitating the breakdown of minerals into new compounds. Conversely, a high diurnal range in temperature is characteristic of arid or desert climates, where it primarily drives physical or mechanical weathering through thermal stress and expansion-contraction cycles [2]. In the humid tropics, temperature remains relatively high and stable throughout the year, making Statement 1 the only correct reason for the effectiveness of hydrolysis in these regions.

Sources

1. [1] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: Weathering, Mass Movement and Groundwater > CHEMICAL WEATHERING > p. 37
2. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: Weathering, Mass Movement and Groundwater > PHYSICAL OR MECHANICAL WEATHERING > p. 38