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Q90 (NDA-II/2012) Geography › Indian Physical Geography › Indian monsoon system Answer Verified

Wide range and variability in rainfall, torrential in character, reversal of winds and uncertain arrival are the characteristics of

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: C
Explanation

The characteristics described—wide variability in rainfall, torrential downpours, seasonal reversal of winds, and uncertain arrival—are defining features of the monsoon system. The monsoon is characterized by a distinct seasonal reversal of wind direction, shifting from dry northeast winds in winter to moisture-laden southwest winds in summer [4]. This shift brings torrential rains that are often concentrated within a specific rainy season, leading to high intensity and potential flooding [1]. Furthermore, the monsoon is noted for its high variability in both timing and precipitation levels, resulting in an 'uncertain arrival' and fluctuations between wet and dry periods [3]. Unlike the steady trade winds or westerlies, the monsoon's unique thermal and pressure-driven dynamics create these highly variable and intense climatic patterns [5].

Sources

  1. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am: A – Tropical, m – monsoon) > p. 429
  2. [4] https://www.weather.gov/twc/MonsoonInfo
  3. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > The Rainy Season (Mid-June To September) > p. 432
  4. [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > The Thermal Concept of Halley > p. 3
  5. [5] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wind/
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