Question map
Wide range and variability in rainfall, torrential in character, reversal of winds and uncertain arrival are the characteristics of
Explanation
The characteristics described—wide variability in rainfall, torrential downpours, seasonal reversal of winds, and uncertain arrival—are defining features of the monsoon system. The monsoon is characterized by a distinct seasonal reversal of wind direction, shifting from dry northeast winds in winter to moisture-laden southwest winds in summer [4]. This shift brings torrential rains that are often concentrated within a specific rainy season, leading to high intensity and potential flooding [1]. Furthermore, the monsoon is noted for its high variability in both timing and precipitation levels, resulting in an 'uncertain arrival' and fluctuations between wet and dry periods [3]. Unlike the steady trade winds or westerlies, the monsoon's unique thermal and pressure-driven dynamics create these highly variable and intense climatic patterns [5].
Sources
- [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am: A – Tropical, m – monsoon) > p. 429
- [4] https://www.weather.gov/twc/MonsoonInfo
- [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > The Rainy Season (Mid-June To September) > p. 432
- [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 4: Climate of India > The Thermal Concept of Halley > p. 3
- [5] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wind/