The correct answer is option 3, monsoon. The monsoon is a weather pattern characterized by a wide range and variability in rainfall, often of a torrential nature. During the monsoon season, there is a reversal of winds, meaning that the prevailing winds change direction. In the case of the Indian subcontinent, for example, the winds change from northeast to southwest. This shift in winds is a major factor in bringing about the monsoon rains.
The arrival of the monsoon is also uncertain, making it difficult to predict exactly when the rains will begin. This uncertainty can lead to challenges in agricultural planning and water resource management in regions that rely heavily on monsoon rainfall for irrigation and water supply.
Options 1, 2, and 4 are not correct. The westerlies (option 1) and trade winds (option 2) are global wind patterns, but they are not specifically associated with the characteristics mentioned in the question. The anti-trade winds (option 4) is not a commonly recognized term and does not accurately describe the monsoon characteristics.
Overall, the monsoon is a unique weather phenomenon characterized by a combination of factors that contribute to its distinct features, including wide range and variability in rainfall, reversal of winds, and