The correct answer is option 4: Ibuki. In the year 2009, Japan launched its first satellite to monitor greenhouse gases, and it was named Ibuki. The Ibuki satellite plays a crucial role in understanding and monitoring the levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth`s atmosphere. Its main objective is to collect data on carbon dioxide and methane emissions and their distribution over different regions of the planet. This information is essential for scientists and policymakers in developing strategies to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Ibuki satellite utilizes a highly sensitive sensor to measure the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. This data is then analyzed to identify sources of greenhouse gas emissions and assess the impact of human activities on the environment. Monitoring greenhouse gases is crucial for understanding climate change and implementing effective measures to combat its effects.