Digital Sovereignty, Social Inclusion, and Military Modernization: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

India is undergoing a fundamental shift from building basic digital infrastructure to establishing 'Digital Sovereignty' and 'Technical Inclusivity'. This transition is characterized by a move away from foreign software dependencies (Digital Swadeshi) toward indigenous ecosystems like BHASHINI for language and Zoho for administration, while simultaneously broadening the definition of 'accessibility' from physical infrastructure to psychological well-being and linguistic equity.

Cross-Theme Insight

When viewed together, these threads reveal a 'Whole-of-Governance' approach to empowerment where digital tools are the common denominator. For instance, the same 'Digital India' framework that powers tribal career counseling (TALASH) also enables military interoperability (IRSA 1.0) and judicial inclusion for the visually challenged. This synergy demonstrates that 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' is no longer just about manufacturing hardware but about owning the digital and linguistic standards that define public life.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

Standard textbooks like 'Indian Economy' by Nitin Singhania (p. 622) focus on digital health blueprints and 'multi-mode access to education' through platforms like DIKSHA. However, the current reality has shifted toward 'Language AI' ecosystems (BHASHINI) and 'Digital Swadeshi' (Zoho Mail for Home Ministry). Similarly, while Laxmikanth (p. 79) discusses Article 15 in terms of physical access to public spaces, current initiatives like the 'revamped Sugamya Bharat App' and 'UPSC Centre of Choice' shift the focus to digital-first institutional empathy and removing administrative barriers for PwD candidates.

How This Theme Is Evolving

In 2025-26, the trajectory has moved from 'Connectivity' (BharatNet) to 'Cognitive Accessibility'. The focus is now on mental health (CBSE mandatory counselors), language-agnostic governance (BBA), and integrating academic research directly into frontline military operations (Agnishodh at IIT Madras).

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

Recent exams show a high frequency of questions on the 'Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan' (CDS-I 2024, NID 13212) and the institutional roles of the 'Chief of Defence Staff' (IAS 2024, NID 6216). There is a consistent interest in tribal education objectives like EMRS (CDS-I 2007, NID 7707). The angle is shifting from 'What is the scheme?' to 'How does it integrate multiple sectors?' (e.g., Digital India's role in land record transliteration in IAS 2024, NID 6237).

Probable Prelims Angles

• BhashaDaan: The community-driven data creation wing of the BHASHINI mission.
• IRSA 1.0: India's first indigenous software architecture for military radio interoperability.
• TALASH: The digital platform collaboration between MoTA and UNICEF for tribal career guidance.
• National Trust Act 1999: Recent amendments regarding member appointments for Autism and Cerebral Palsy welfare.
• PANKHUDI Portal: The specific ministry (MWCD) and its role in CSR-women empowerment coordination.

Mains Answer Framework

• The paradigm of Indian governance is evolving from mere 'Electronic Delivery of Services' to 'Digital Sovereignty and Inclusive Dignity'.
• Indigenization: Moving beyond hardware (Tejas/Vikrant) to software (IRSA 1.0, Zoho Mail) to ensure strategic autonomy.. Linguistic Democracy: Breaking the English-dominance in administration through the Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA) and AI-led translation.. Institutional Empathy: Transitioning from 'disability as a liability' to 'disability as a diversity' (e.g., visually challenged judges, UPSC center of choice).
• Forward-looking governance must balance technical efficiency with the 'Antyodaya' principle, ensuring that the 'digital' never precedes the 'human' in public service.

Essay Connections

• Technology as a Leveler, not a Divider: Use BHASHINI and EMRS-TALASH as examples of technology bridging rural-urban and linguistic divides.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat – Beyond the Factory Floor: Discuss how 'Digital Swadeshi' and 'Agnishodh' reflect a mindset of intellectual and technical self-reliance.

Preparation Strategy

Reading Approach

Begin with Laxmikanth's Fundamental Rights (Arts 14-16, 29-30) to understand the constitutional mandate for inclusion. Then, use Nitin Singhania's Infrastructure chapter to grasp the Digital India pillars. Finally, layer the current threads (BHASHINI, IRSA, Agnishodh) as case studies for how these static frameworks are being modernized.

Textbook Roadmap

• Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > p. 79-84. Threads 2 & 13 (Disability rights and Article 15 protection). Provisions against discrimination and the definition of 'disability' in a constitutional context.
• Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania (2nd ed.) > Chapter 21: Sustainable Development > p. 622. Threads 1, 7, & 14 (Digital education and inclusion). Digital infrastructure enablers and the PM eVIDYA framework.
• Geography of India, Majid Husain (9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development > p. 35. Threads 8 & 13 (Tribal education and EMRS). The statistical gap in tribal literacy and the role of the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP).

Revision Bullets

• January 24: National Girl Child Day (since 2008).
• 50,32,463: Number of visually impaired persons in India as per Census 2011.
• IRSA 1.0: Released by DRDO for Tri-Services interoperability in 2025.
• 1,000+ schools: Coverage of the first phase of Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS).
• January 4: International Day of Braille.
• BBA (Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag): New section to reduce English dominance in administration.

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (14 themes, 50 news items)

Rights and Accessibility Initiatives for Persons with Disabilities

Focus: Recent legislative, technological, and administrative developments aimed at enhancing the inclusion and welfare of Persons with Disabilities (PwD) in India.

UPSC Value: Useful for GS-II (Social Justice) to track the evolution of disability rights, accessibility standards (Sugamya Bharat), and inclusive policies in public institutions.

6 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-09 [Society & Culture] — A Visually Challenged Woman Judge in Kerala
  Kerala will get its first visually challenged woman judge after Thanya Nathan C. topped the disability-category merit list. This was enabled by a 2025 Supreme Court ruling allowing visually impaired candidates in judicial services.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Kerala to get first visually challenged woman judge.

  Key Facts:

  • Kerala will get its first visually challenged woman judge after Thanya Nathan C. topped the disability-category merit list
  • Enabled by a 2025 Supreme Court ruling allowing visually impaired candidates in judicial services
• 2026-01-05 [Society & Culture] — International Day of Braille
  January 4th is celebrated as the International Day of Braille to raise awareness of the importance of Braille as a means of communication for blind and partially sighted people. According to the 2011 Census, there are 50,32,463 persons with visual impairment in India.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: January 4th is International Day of Braille.

  Key Facts:

  • January 4th is celebrated as the International Day of Braille.
  • According to the 2011 Census, there are 50,32,463 persons with visual impairment in India.
• 2026-01-05 [Polity & Governance] — Draft Rules on Accessibility Standards for Buildings Published
  The Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) published a Gazette notification on January 5, 2026, regarding draft rules for Non-Negotiable Accessibility Standards for Buildings and Built Environment. These rules aim to establish accessibility standards in buildings and infrastructure for persons with disabilities.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Draft rules published for accessibility standards for buildings.

  Key Facts:

  • Gazette notification published on January 5, 2026
  • Published by: Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD)
  • Subject: Draft Rules for Non-Negotiable Accessibility Standards for Buildings and Built Environment
• 2025-12-16 [Polity & Governance] — Gazette Notification Regarding Amendments for Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act
  The Gazette of India published a notification regarding amendments to the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999. The notification includes changes to the appointment of members under clause (b) of sub-section (4) of section 3 of the said Act.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Amendments to National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act.

  Key Facts:

  • Notification Number: S.O. 5709(E).
  • Date of Notification: 5th December, 2025.
  • Act: National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999 (44 of 1999).
• 2025-12-13 [Polity & Governance] — UPSC 'Centre of Choice' for PwBD Candidates
  UPSC has introduced a new 'Centre of Choice' facility ensuring that all Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) candidates receive their preferred exam centre, irrespective of capacity constraints.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: UPSC provides 'Centre of Choice' for PwBD candidates.

  Key Facts:

  • UPSC introduced 'Centre of Choice' facility for PwBD candidates.
  • PwBD candidates guaranteed their preferred exam centre.
• 2025-10-12 [Schemes & Programs] — Sugamya Bharat App Revamped
  The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment launched the revamped 'Sugamya Bharat App' at the Purple Fest in Goa. It was launched under the Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan) to enhance accessibility for divyangjan and elderly citizens in India. The app served as a citizen-led platform to make India's public spaces more inclusive.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Revamped Sugamya Bharat App launched under Accessible India Campaign.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched by: Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD), under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
  • Launched under: Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan)
  • Accessibility Mapping Function: Allows users to locate and rate public places on accessibility parameters
  • Consolidated Directory: Provides a one-stop platform for government schemes, scholarships, benefits, and employment opportunities
  • Curated Job and Education Listings: Features job and education listings from government and private sectors tailored for persons with disabilities
  • Grievance Redressal Module: Enables users to directly register complaints about inaccessible infrastructure and services
  • Inclusive Design: Compatible with assistive technologies, available in multiple Indian languages, and optimized for both Android and iOS platforms
  • Available in 10 languages
  • Revamped to AI-powered chatbot support to assist users in real time

Youth Empowerment and Educational Discourse

Focus: A collection of events and addresses by the Prime Minister and Education Ministry specifically focusing on student well-being, educational institutions, and youth aspirations.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the government's outreach strategies toward the 'demographic dividend' and policy priorities in the education sector.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-06 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi Interacts with Students at Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026
  Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026 was held on February 6 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacting with a record 4.5 crore students, teachers, and parents. The ninth edition focused on reducing exam stress and encouraging students to see examinations as milestones rather than life-defining verdicts.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Pariksha Pe Charcha 2026 location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
  • Participants: 4.5 crore students, teachers, and parents
  • Ninth edition focused on reducing exam stress
• 2026-01-13 [Society & Culture] — Ministry of Education: Events and Announcements
  The Ministry of Education announced that Union Education Minister Shri Dharmendra Pradhan addressed the 56th anniversary of Thuglak magazine in Chennai and celebrated Pongal with the IIT Madras community on January 14, 2026. Additionally, he chaired the 13th Meeting of the Council of National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (NITSER) and the 3rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of IISERs in New Delhi on January 13, 2026. Vice-President Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan inaugurated the 'Drug-Free Campus Campaign' at the University of Delhi on the same day.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Shri Dharmendra Pradhan addressed 56th anniversary of Thuglak magazine in Chennai on January 14, 2026
  • Shri Dharmendra Pradhan celebrated Pongal with IIT Madras community on January 14, 2026
  • Shri Dharmendra Pradhan chaired the 13th Meeting of the Council of National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research (NITSER) in New Delhi on January 13, 2026
  • Shri Dharmendra Pradhan chaired the 3rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of IISERs in New Delhi on January 13, 2026
  • Vice-President Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan inaugurated the 'Drug-Free Campus Campaign' at the University of Delhi on January 13, 2026
• 2025-12-28 [International Relations] — PM Modi Highlights India's Global Impact
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated that the world views India with significant expectations, attributing this to the country's youth driving development in science, technology, and digital innovation, while preserving cultural heritage. He recalled major events in India during 2025 and expressed greater self-confidence, stating the nation is ready to advance in 2026 with new hopes and resolutions.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • PM Modi addressed the 129th episode of Mann Ki Baat
  • PM Modi chaired the fifth national conference of chief secretaries in New Delhi
• 2025-04-09 [International Relations] — Rising Bharat Summit 2025 in New Delhi
  The Rising Bharat Summit 2025, a News18 event, is being held in New Delhi on April 8th and 9th, featuring global leaders and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to discuss India's rise, innovation, and sustainable growth, under the theme 'Youthful Aspirations – Aspire. Achieve. Ascend'.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Rising Bharat Summit 2025 held on April 8th & 9th in New Delhi
  • Organized by News18
  • Theme: Youthful Aspirations – Aspire. Achieve. Ascend
  • Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will address

Digital Inclusion & Language Accessibility Initiatives

Focus: Specific administrative and technical initiatives aimed at breaking language barriers in governance and community participation.

UPSC Value: Highlights the 'inclusion' pillar of Digital India, focusing on how technology is being adapted for linguistic diversity beyond just infrastructure.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-13 [Science & Technology] — BHASHINI Samudaye: Strengthening India's Language AI Ecosystem
  The BHASHINI Samudaye workshop, organized by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, reinforces the National Language Translation Mission (NLTM). It focuses on ecosystem-led governance of Language AI, community-driven data creation via BhashaDaan, and ethical AI as part of India's Digital Public Infrastructure, aligning with the IndiaAI Mission.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BHASHINI Samudaye strengthens India's language AI ecosystem.

  Key Facts:

  • BHASHINI Samudaye workshop organized on January 13, 2026
  • Organized by: Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
  • Reinforces: National Language Translation Mission (NLTM)
  • Focus: Ecosystem-led governance of Language AI
  • Community-driven data creation via BhashaDaan
  • Sovereign, ethical, inclusive AI as part of India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)
  • Aligns with: IndiaAI Mission (2024)
• 2025-07-03 [Science & Technology] — India Rejoins Unicode Consortium to Promote Digital Inclusion of Indian Languages
  India has rejoined the Unicode Consortium to promote digital inclusion of Indian Languages.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India rejoins Unicode Consortium to promote digital inclusion of Indian languages.

  Key Facts:

  • India rejoins Unicode Consortium
  • Promote digital inclusion of Indian languages
• 2025-06-07 [Polity & Governance] — Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA) Launched
  The Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA), or Indian Languages Section, has been launched as a government initiative to promote Indian languages in administration and reduce the dominance of English. The BBA will help in translation work, provide a platform for Indian languages, and facilitate decision-making in mother tongues.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA) launched to promote Indian languages.

  Key Facts:

  • Name: Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA) / Indian Languages Section
  • Objective: Promote Indian languages in administration
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Budgetary Support: ₹56 crore allocated in the Union Budget 2024–25
  • Implementation Support: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)
  • Under the Official Languages Rules, 1976, the Centre communicates with Region C States (e.g. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka) only in English
  • Amit Shah launched Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag (BBA).
• 2025-03-20 [Polity & Governance] — Sansad Bhashini Initiative Launched
  The Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed an MoU to develop the Sansad Bhashini initiative, which aims to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve multilingual accessibility and streamline parliamentary operations. The initiative seeks to enhance access to parliamentary records and debates in multiple languages and utilize AI tools for real-time translation, transcription, and summarization.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Sansad Bhashini Initiative uses AI to make parliamentary proceedings accessible.

  Key Facts:

  • Parties: Lok Sabha Secretariat and MeitY
  • Objective: Improve multilingual accessibility of parliamentary proceedings
  • Methods: AI tools for translation, transcription, and summarization

Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS) Initiatives

Focus: Administrative initiatives, platforms, and workshops launched by the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and its autonomous bodies (SAI, NDTL).

UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the central government's institutional framework and digital interventions (MY Bharat) for sports science, anti-doping, and youth leadership.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-08 [Sports & Awards] — Sports Authority of India (SAI) Launches Sports Sciences Workshop
  The Sports Authority of India (SAI) launched a four-day Sports Sciences Workshop for combat sports coaches at its Sports Science Division in New Delhi. SAI is the apex national sports body of India, established by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Sports Authority of India (SAI) launches Sports Sciences Workshop.

  Key Facts:

  • Established in 1984
  • Fully funded by the Government of India
  • Implements Sports Promotional Schemes across the country to identify talented sportspersons in various age groups
• 2025-08-15 [Schemes & Programs] — MY Bharat Signs MoU with SOUL for Youth Leadership
  MY Bharat, under the Department of Youth Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, signed a three-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with School of Ultimate Leadership Foundation (SOUL) to advance youth leadership development across India.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MY Bharat signs MoU with SOUL for youth leadership.

  Key Facts:

  • MY Bharat
  • Department of Youth Affairs
  • Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports
  • MoU with School of Ultimate Leadership Foundation (SOUL)
  • Three-year agreement
  • Advance youth leadership development
• 2025-07-01 [Schemes & Programs] — MY Bharat 2.0 Platform
  The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS) signed an MoU with the Digital India Corporation (DIC) to develop MY Bharat 2.0 Platform. The platform encourages youth engagement and civic responsibility. Over 1.76 crore youth and 1.19 lakh organizations have registered.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MY Bharat 2.0 Platform aims to encourage youth engagement and civic responsibility.

  Key Facts:

  • MY Bharat 2.0 is an upgraded national youth platform
  • Launched in 2023
  • Over 1.76 crore youth and more than 1.19 lakh organizations have registered
• 2025-03-20 [Science & Technology] — NDTL 2025: Pioneering Innovations and Tackling Challenges in Anti-Doping Science
  The National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) Annual Conference 2025 was inaugurated by Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, focusing on "Anti-Doping Science: Innovations and Challenges". Dr. Mandaviya emphasized India's commitment to clean and fair competition in sports, advocating early education on doping awareness and awareness campaigns in rural areas.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: NDTL Annual Conference 2025 focused on innovations and challenges in anti-doping science.

  Key Facts:

  • Event: National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) Annual Conference 2025
  • Inaugurated by: Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya
  • Theme: Anti-Doping Science: Innovations and Challenges
  • Focus: promoting clean and fair competition in sports
  • Advocated: early education on doping awareness

Holistic Development and Civic Integration of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)

Focus: Government initiatives specifically targeting the expansion, digital skill-building, and democratic participation of tribal students within the EMRS framework.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-pronged strategy for tribal empowerment, covering infrastructure (EMRS expansion), digital literacy (TALASH), and civic education (MYGS).

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-03 [Polity & Governance] — Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) Initiative
  The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, with the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Tribal Welfare, and the Aspirational Bharat Collaborative, launched the Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) in 2025. The first phase of MYGS includes 1,000+ schools across 28 States and 8 Union Territories, over 600 Navodaya Vidyalayas, 200 Eklavya Model Schools, and select Zilla Parishad schools. The initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, emphasizing Fundamental Duties and constitutional values.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS) initiative launched in 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched by: Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Tribal Welfare, and the Aspirational Bharat Collaborative
  • First phase includes: 1,000+ schools across 28 States and 8 Union Territories
  • Includes: Over 600 Navodaya Vidyalayas, 200 Eklavya Model Schools, and select Zilla Parishad schools
  • Aligned with: National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
• 2025-10-04 [Schemes & Programs] — Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS)
  The Centre is set to launch the Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS), a school-based initiative inspired by Model United Nations simulations. The initiative aims to provide students with practical experience in local governance and Panchayati Raj methodology.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Centre to launch Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS).

  Key Facts:

  • MYGS is a school-based initiative
  • It is an initiative of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj in collaboration with the Ministries of Education and Tribal Affairs
  • Each participating school will be provided ₹20,000 to organize mock Gram Sabhas
• 2025-07-11 [Schemes & Programs] — TALASH Initiative for Tribal Students
  The Ministry of Tribal Affairs and UNICEF India jointly launched TALASH, a national program aimed at fostering holistic development and career clarity among tribal students of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs). TALASH is a digital platform designed to support tribal students' self-discovery, life skills, and career planning and is the first national-level initiative focused solely on tribal students' holistic development.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: TALASH: Holistic development program for tribal students in EMRS.

  Key Facts:

  • TALASH (Tribal Aptitude, Life Skills, and Self-Esteem Hub)
  • Launched by: National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS) in collaboration with UNICEF India
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India
  • TALASH
  • NESTS and UNICEF India
  • Digital program for tribal students in Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs)
  • Includes aptitude tests, career counselling, life skills training
  • Benefitting over 1.38 lakh students
  • Will be fully rolled out by the end of 2025
  • Ministry of Tribal Affairs
  • UNICEF India
  • Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs)
  • digital platform
  • self-discovery
  • life skills
  • career planning
• 2025-03-22 [Schemes & Programs] — Expansion of Eklavya Model Residential Schools
  The government aims to establish 728 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) across the country by 2026, providing quality education to Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote areas. Every block with more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal persons will have an EMRS.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 728 EMRS to be established by 2026 for ST students.

  Key Facts:

  • Target to set up 728 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) across the country by the year 2026
  • Every block with more than 50% ST population and at least 20,000 tribal persons, will have an EMRS

Military Modernization and Doctrinal Integration

Focus: Initiatives focused on integrating advanced technology, fostering jointness among services, and developing indigenous research capabilities for future warfare.

UPSC Value: Highlights the internal transformation of the Indian Armed Forces towards self-reliance (Atmanirbharta) and technology-driven warfare (non-contact warfare).

4 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-30 [Defense & Security] — Defence Minister emphasizes jointness among armed forces
  On September 30, 2025, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted that the evolving security environment necessitates jointness among the Armed Forces. He spoke at a seminar organized by the Indian Air Force in New Delhi, focusing on fostering greater jointness and synergy through shared learning in inspection, audits, aviation standards, and aerospace safety.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Defence Minister emphasizes jointness among armed forces.

  Key Facts:

  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
  • Date: September 30, 2025
  • Seminar organized by the Indian Air Force at Subroto Park, New Delhi
  • Theme: “Fostering Greater Jointness – Synergy through Shared Learning in the Domain of Inspection and Audits, Aviation Standards and Aerospace Safety.”
• 2025-09-11 [Defense & Security] — Army Chief Stresses Need for Technological Upgradation
  Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi emphasized the need for constant technological upgrades to stay ahead of adversaries and highlighted the importance of self-reliance. He disclosed that the Army employed its indigenously developed secure mobile ecosystem, SAMBHAV, during Operation Sindoor.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Army Chief emphasizes technological upgrades and self-reliance for national security.

  Key Facts:

  • General Upendra Dwivedi
  • SAMBHAV (Secure Army Mobile Bharat Version)
  • Operation Sindoor
  • Loiter munitions range of 100 to 150 km
  • Swarm drones and swarm loitering munitions with a range of 750 km
• 2025-08-05 [Defense & Security] — Centre for Joint Warfare Studies Inaugurates Annual Trident Lecture Series
  The Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) inaugurated the first Annual Trident Lecture Series (ATLS) at the Manekshaw Centre, Delhi Cantt on August 05, 2025. The theme was 'Dominating the Future Battlespace', and Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan delivered the inaugural lecture. A key event was the release of the 'General Bipin Rawat Paper' on 'Manned-Unmanned Teaming', honoring India's first CDS.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CENJOWS inaugurates Annual Trident Lecture Series.

  Key Facts:

  • Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS)
  • Annual Trident Lecture Series (ATLS)
  • Manekshaw Centre, Delhi Cantt
  • August 05, 2025
  • Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan
  • General Bipin Rawat Paper
  • Manned-Unmanned Teaming
• 2025-08-05 [Defense & Security] — Army Chief Inaugurates 'Agnishodh' at IIT Madras
  Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi inaugurated 'Agnishodh', the Indian Army Research Cell at IIT Madras, to integrate academic research with operational needs. Speaking after the Pahalgam attack, Dwivedi emphasized the Army's shift towards non-contact operations and psychological dominance, and said modern conflicts demand the co-existence of conventional forces and technology.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Army Chief inaugurates 'Agnishodh' at IIT Madras.

  Key Facts:

  • Indian Army
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras
  • Agnishodh
  • Indian Army Research Cell (IARC)
  • General Upendra Dwivedi
  • Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)
  • Agnishodh, the Indian Army Research Cell, was inaugurated at IIT Madras by General Upendra Dwivedi.
  • The inauguration took place in August 2025.
  • The aim is to integrate academic research with the operational needs of the Indian Army.
  • General Dwivedi referenced lessons from Operation Sindoor.
  • IIT Madras Research Park, AMTDC and Pravartak Technologies Foundation will be working with Agnishodh.

K-12 Education Reforms for Student Well-being and Systemic Efficiency

Focus: Structural and support-based reforms within the school education system aimed at reducing academic pressure and addressing systemic gaps in student development.

UPSC Value: Significant for Social Justice and Education, particularly regarding the implementation of NEP 2020 and mental health support in schools.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-25 [Society & Culture] — CBSE Makes Counsellors Mandatory
  The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has mandated the appointment of socio-emotional and career counselors in all affiliated schools to strengthen students' mental health and provide career guidance.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CBSE mandates counselors in schools to strengthen students' mental health.

  Key Facts:

  • CBSE has made the appointment of socio-emotional and career counselors mandatory in all affiliated schools.
• 2025-06-25 [Polity & Governance] — CBSE to conduct Class 10 board exams twice a year from 2026
  The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has approved the implementation of conducting Class 10 board exams twice a year, starting from 2026. The decision follows the draft norms that were released in February and subsequently opened for stakeholder feedback.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CBSE to conduct Class 10 board exams twice a year from 2026.

  Key Facts:

  • CBSE
  • Class 10 board exams
  • twice a year
  • from 2026
  • Examination Controller Sanyam Bhardwaj
  • draft norms in February 2025
• 2025-06-21 [Polity & Governance] — Vineet Joshi Panel to Reduce Dependency on Coaching Centers
  The Union Education Ministry constituted a nine-member panel headed by Higher Education Secretary Vineet Joshi to recommend measures to reduce students' dependency on coaching centers. The panel will assess the effectiveness and fairness of competitive entrance examinations. It will also address gaps in the current schooling system, such as limited focus on critical thinking and rote learning practices.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Panel to reduce dependency on coaching centers.

  Key Facts:

  • Nine-member panel constituted by the Union Education Ministry.
  • Headed by Higher Education Secretary Vineet Joshi.
  • Aims to reduce dependency on coaching centers.

MWCD Domestic Welfare & Digital Initiatives

Focus: Recent domestic policy reviews, portal launches, and awareness campaigns by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD).

UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the specific administrative and digital governance reforms undertaken by the MWCD (Pankhudi, One Stop Centres, etc.).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-24 [Society & Culture] — National Girl Child Day
  National Girl Child Day is celebrated annually on January 24 since 2008 to promote awareness of girls' rights, empowerment, and equal opportunities in India. The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is the associated ministry.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Girl Child Day celebrated annually on January 24.

  Key Facts:

  • National Girl Child Day
  • January 24 (annually)
  • 2008 (since)
  • Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD)
  • Observed on: January 24
  • Objective: To spread awareness about the challenges that girls face, promote girls' education, health, and nutrition, and improve girls' position in society
  • Initiative of: Ministry of Women and Child Development
• 2026-01-10 [Schemes & Programs] — Ministry of Women & Child Development (MWCD) Year End Review 2025
  The Year End Review 2025 of the Ministry of Women & Child Development (MWCD) focuses on scaling up nutrition, women's safety, maternity benefits, child protection, and digital governance. It emphasizes technology-driven welfare, convergence with NEP 2020, and tribal welfare missions.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MWCD Year End Review focuses on nutrition, safety, maternity, child protection.

  Key Facts:

  • MWCD Year End Review 2025 focuses on nutrition, women's safety, maternity benefits, child protection, and digital governance
  • 1,025 One Stop Centres (OSCs) approved, 865 operational, assisting 12.67 lakh women
  • Women Helpline 181 integrated with ERSS-112 in 35 States/UTs, supporting 93.48 lakh women
  • 411 Shakti Sadan and 531 Sakhi Niwas shelter homes
  • PMMVY Overall: 4.26 crore beneficiaries; ₹20,060 crore DBT
  • 2 lakh AWCs approved for upgradation under Mission Saksham Anganwadi & Poshan 2.0
  • 94,077 AWCs upgraded with improved infrastructure including LED screens
  • 2,500 AWCs sanctioned, 2,326 operational under PVTG Focus (PM-JANMAN)
  • MWCD awarded Best Performing Ministry for PM-JANMAN implementation
  • 875 AWCs sanctioned, 455 operational under Tribal Convergence (DAJGUA – MoTA), covering 27,785 tribal beneficiaries
• 2026-01-09 [Schemes & Programs] — PANKHUDI Portal Launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development
  The Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the PANKHUDI Portal, an integrated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and partnership facilitation digital portal. It is aimed at strengthening coordination, transparency, and structured stakeholder participation in initiatives for women and child development.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Ministry launches PANKHUDI Portal for CSR partnerships.

  Key Facts:

  • Ministry of Women and Child Development launched PANKHUDI Portal.
  • Integrated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and partnership facilitation digital portal.
  • Aims to strengthen coordination, transparency, and structured stakeholder participation.
  • Focus on initiatives for women and child development.
  • Ministry: Ministry of Women and Child Development
  • Launched on: January 8, 2026
  • Portal: PANKHUDI
  • Full Form: Platform for Partnerships, Knowledge, and Holistic Development Initiatives
  • Objective: To streamline, transparentize, and unify non-monetary contributions for women and child development initiatives
  • Target Users: Individuals, NRIs, NGOs, corporates, CSR contributors, and government agencies

Digital Swadeshi and Indigenous Software Sovereignty

Focus: Government initiatives and standards focused on replacing foreign technology with indigenous software, cloud architectures, and communication protocols to ensure digital self-reliance.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the practical application of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' in the digital domain, covering governance, defense, and public services.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-21 [Science & Technology] — Union Home Minister Switches to Zoho Mail for Digital Swadeshi
  The Union Home Minister switched to Zoho Mail, an indigenous software, as part of the government's push for digital swadeshi and “strengthening digital sovereignty." The move follows directives from the Ministry of Education to use homegrown digital tools.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Home Minister switches to Zoho Mail for digital swadeshi.

  Key Facts:

  • Union Home Minister switched to Zoho Mail
  • Part of government's push for digital swadeshi
  • Strengthening digital sovereignty
• 2025-10-09 [Defense & Security] — Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) standard 1.0
  The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), in collaboration with the Integrated Defense Staff (IDS) and the Tri-Services, formally released 'Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) standard 1.0' to enable interoperability in Military Communication.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: DRDO released Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) standard 1.0.

  Key Facts:

  • DRDO released 'Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) standard 1.0 '
  • Collaboration with the Integrated Defense Staff (IDS) and the Tri-Services
  • Enables interoperability in Military Communication
• 2025-08-20 [Science & Technology] — IT 2.0 – Advanced Postal Technology
  IT 2.0 (APT, 2025) builds on IT 1.0 (2012) by introducing indigenous microservices-based applications hosted on the Government's MeghRaj 2.0 cloud and supported by BSNL's nationwide connectivity. It offers a unified single-user interface across services. IT 2.0 aims to provide faster, more reliable, and user-friendly services.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: IT 2.0 (APT, 2025) introduces indigenous microservices on MeghRaj 2.0 cloud.

  Key Facts:

  • IT 2.0 (APT, 2025) builds on IT 1.0 (2012)
  • Introducing indigenous microservices-based applications
  • Hosted on the Government's MeghRaj 2.0 cloud
  • Supported by BSNL's nationwide connectivity
  • Microservices & Open API-based architecture
  • Unified single-user interface across services

Cultural and Economic Indigenization

Focus: The coordinated promotion of 'Swadeshi' (indigenous) values across economic consumption and linguistic identity to reduce foreign dependency and colonial influence.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the ideological framework of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' and the intersection of cultural decolonization with economic policy.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-10-05 [Economy] — Amit Shah calls for Swadeshi products
  Union Home Minister Amit Shah appealed to people to take a pledge to use only “swadeshi” products and boycott any foreign-made products in their households.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Amit Shah calls for Swadeshi products and boycott of foreign goods.

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah
  • Swadeshi products
• 2025-08-28 [Economy] — RSS Chief Advocates for 'Swadeshi'
  On August 27, 2025, RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat appealed to Indians to opt for 'swadeshi' (domestic products), emphasizing the importance of voluntary international trade without pressure. His appeal coincided with the US implementing a 50% tariff on Indian goods.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: RSS chief advocates for 'Swadeshi' (domestic products).

  Key Facts:

  • RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat appealed for 'swadeshi' on August 27, 2025.
  • The appeal came as the US implemented a 50% tariff on Indian goods.
• 2025-06-19 [Society & Culture] — Amit Shah: English Speakers in India Will 'Soon Feel Ashamed'
  Union Home Minister Amit Shah said that those who speak English in India would “soon feel ashamed” and that the creation of such a society was not far away and added that without Indian languages, “we cease to be truly Indian”.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Amit Shah: those who speak English in India will “soon feel ashamed”.
  • Without Indian languages, “we cease to be truly Indian”.

Digital Outreach and Scheme Administration via PM-Centric Apps

Focus: The utilization of dedicated mobile applications and digital platforms to facilitate Prime Ministerial schemes and public outreach campaigns.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the integration of digital technology in governance for direct engagement and efficient scheme delivery under the Digital India framework.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-15 [Schemes & Programs] — NaMo App Launches Seva Parv 2025
  To mark Prime Minister Narendra Modi's birthday, a 15-day digital volunteering campaign called "Seva Parv 2025" has been launched on the NaMo App, running until October 2nd. The program aims to honor PM Modi's spirit of service and commitment to the nation.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Seva Parv 2025: Digital volunteering campaign on NaMo App.

  Key Facts:

  • Campaign Name: Seva Parv 2025
  • Launch Date: September 15, 2025
  • End Date: October 2nd, 2025
  • Platform: NaMo App
  • Purpose: To honor PM Modi's spirit of service
• 2025-06-12 [Polity & Governance] — NaMo App launches 'Jan Man Survey' to mark PM Modi's 11 years in office
  The Narendra Modi App (NaMo App) has launched the 'Jan Man Survey' to celebrate Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 11 years in office, addressing topics such as national security, governance, cultural pride, and youth development. The survey received over 500,000 responses within 26 hours of its launch. Uttar Pradesh led with 1,41,150 responses.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: NaMo App launches 'Jan Man Survey' to mark PM Modi's 11 years.

  Key Facts:

  • Survey: Jan Man Survey
  • Launched by: Narendra Modi App (NaMo App)
  • Purpose: celebrate Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 11 years in office
  • Responses: Over 500,000 within 26 hours
  • Top state: Uttar Pradesh (1,41,150 responses)
• 2025-03-17 [Schemes & Programs] — Finance Minister Launches PMIS App
  On March 17, 2025, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched a dedicated app for the Prime Minister's Internship Scheme (PMIS).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Finance Minister launches app for Prime Minister's Internship Scheme.

  Key Facts:

  • Dedicated app for Prime Minister's Internship Scheme (PMIS) launched
  • Launched by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
  • Date: March 17, 2025

Island-Centric Development and Strategic Integration

Focus: Government initiatives focused on the socio-economic development, national integration, and diplomatic capacity building of island territories and maritime partners.

UPSC Value: This thread illustrates the strategic importance of island regions in India's domestic policy (tribal welfare and integration) and foreign policy (maritime diplomacy and the blue economy).

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-12 [Polity & Governance] — National Centre for Good Governance Training Programme
  The National Centre for Good Governance commenced a 2-week intensive training programme at Mussoorie and New Delhi. The aim is to strengthen India's partnership with Mauritius. The programme covers topics like blue economy, digital healthcare, digital public infrastructure, all India services, Indian judiciary systems, smart cities, and decision-making in governance.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: National Centre for Good Governance training programme to strengthen India-Mauritius partnership.

  Key Facts:

  • Training Programme Duration: 2 weeks.
  • Location: Mussoorie and New Delhi.
  • Commenced by: National Centre for Good Governance.
  • Aim: To strengthen India's partnership with Mauritius.
• 2025-08-15 [Defense & Security] — Aarohan Programme: National Integration Tour
  Defence Minister interacted with 30 meritorious tribal students from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in New Delhi as part of the 'Aarohan: Dweep to Delhi' National Integration Tour. This program promotes inclusivity and youth empowerment.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: 'Aarohan' promotes national integration for tribal students.

  Key Facts:

  • Aarohan Programme
  • National Integration Tour
  • 30 tribal students
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands
  • New Delhi
• 2025-07-06 [Schemes & Programs] — Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Van Dhan Vikas Kendra for Onge Tribe
  The Andaman and Nicobar Islands administration has set up a Van Dhan Vikas Kendra for the Onge tribe at Dugong Creek under Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyan. The initiative aims to make the Onge tribe self-sustainable through coconut-based products. The Onges are one of India's most primitive tribes, inhabiting Little Andaman Island.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Van Dhan Vikas Kendra for Onge tribe under PM Janjati Adivasi Nyay.

  Key Facts:

  • Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyay Maha Abhiyan
  • Tribe: Onge
  • Location: Dugong Creek, Little Andaman Island
  • Initiative: Van Dhan Vikas Kendra

Digital Empowerment and Inclusive Education for Vulnerable Groups

Focus: Government and institutional initiatives leveraging digital platforms and specialized curricula to improve educational outcomes for marginalized groups, including tribal students and persons with disabilities.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the practical application of SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) through targeted social justice interventions and inter-departmental MoUs.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-11 [Schemes & Programs] — CIL and NSTFDC sign MoU to empower tribal students
  Coal India Limited (CIL) and the National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) signed an MoU to empower over 30,000 tribal students across 76 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha. CIL will provide ₹10 crore for digital access, career mentorship, menstrual hygiene facilities, and teacher capacity building.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CIL and NSTFDC sign MoU to empower tribal students.

  Key Facts:

  • CIL will provide ₹10 crore.
  • 76 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) across Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh(MP), and Odisha will benefit.
  • Focuses on Digital Access, Career Mentorship, Menstrual Hygiene, and Teacher Capacity Building.
• 2025-07-19 [Schemes & Programs] — NIEPID & Jai Vakeel Foundation MoU for Children with Disabilities
  An MoU between NIEPID and Jai Vakeel Foundation aims to provide a structured curriculum for Children with Intellectual Disabilities (CwID) across India through the DISHA Abhiyan. The plan includes IEPs, a multisensory curriculum, a digital portal, and training modules, aligning with SDG 4, SDG 10, and the Viksit Bharat vision. Materials will be printed under the DALM Scheme.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: NIEPID & Jai Vakeel MoU for Children with Intellectual Disabilities.

  Key Facts:

  • MoU between NIEPID and Jai Vakeel Foundation
  • For Children with Intellectual Disabilities (CwID)
  • Through the DISHA Abhiyan
  • Includes IEPs, multisensory curriculum, digital portal, and training modules
  • Aligns with SDG 4, SDG 10, and Viksit Bharat vision
  • Materials to be printed under the DALM Scheme
• 2025-04-23 [Schemes & Programs] — GYANSETU Digital Learning Platform Launch
  The government launched "GYANSETU," a digital learning platform offering free access to study materials, mock tests, and expert lectures for civil service aspirants across India. The Ministry of Social Justice released a draft policy on inclusive education to support differently-abled candidates in competitive exams.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: GYANSETU digital learning platform launched for civil service aspirants.

  Key Facts:

  • GYANSETU
  • Free access to study materials
  • Mock tests
  • Expert lectures
  • Civil service aspirants
  • Ministry of Social Justice
  • Draft policy on inclusive education
  • Differently-abled candidates

Centralization and Digital Governance in Residential School Systems

Focus: Administrative reforms focused on centralizing management, admissions, and monitoring within specialized residential school frameworks.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the shift toward technology-driven oversight and centralized administration to improve transparency and efficiency in educational infrastructure.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-08-27 [Schemes & Programs] — Integrated Monitoring System (IMS) for Atal Residential Schools Launched
  Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launched the Integrated Monitoring System (IMS) for Atal Residential Schools at Rozgar Mahakumbh 2025 in Lucknow.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: UP CM launches Integrated Monitoring System (IMS) for Atal Schools.

  Key Facts:

  • Integrated Monitoring System (IMS) launched for Atal Residential Schools.
  • Launched by UP CM Yogi Adityanath at Rozgar Mahakumbh 2025, Lucknow.
• 2025-07-25 [Polity & Governance] — UP Government Introduces Centralised Admission System
  The Uttar Pradesh government has introduced a centralised admission system effective July 2025 to enhance transparency. All student admissions will now be conducted through a single unified portal, ensuring greater uniformity and transparency. The trial phase of this centralised system has already been successfully completed.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Centralised admission system introduced in UP effective July 2025.
  • All student admissions via a single unified portal.
• 2025-03-06 [Polity & Governance] — Developments in Eklavya Model Residential Schools
  There has been little progress in centralizing the administration of Eklavya Model Residential Schools. The news highlights challenges associated with the administration and steps taken for centralization of the Schools.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Challenges associated with the Administration of Eklavya Model Residential Schools
  • Steps taken for centralisation of the Schools