India's Multi-Aligned Strategic Diplomacy 2025-26: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
ExamRobot — UPSC prep tools
ExploreIn-Depth Analysis
The Big Picture
By 2025-26, India's foreign policy has pivoted from 'Strategic Autonomy' (distancing from blocs) to 'Strategic Interdependence.' This era is defined by India acting as a 'Net Security Provider' in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) while managing a polycentric world through 'Security and Growth Bundles.' New Delhi no longer views defense exercises as isolated military events but as anchors for deeper economic and technological integration, particularly in the Indo-Pacific and with a newly 'Europeanized' strategic outreach.
Cross-Theme Insight
The 2025-26 threads reveal a 'Total Diplomacy' approach where traditional hard power (e.g., Exercise Indra with Russia, Milan-2026) is integrated with 'MSME Internationalization' and renewable energy transfers (e.g., India-Japan Joint Crediting Mechanism). India's engagement with Mauritius (USD 680 million package) and Nepal demonstrates a shift where infrastructure development is treated as a core component of regional security architecture, countering external influence through functional integration rather than just diplomatic rhetoric.
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard textbooks like Laxmikanth (7th ed., p. 609) and NCERT (Class XII, p. 57) focus heavily on the Cold War roots of 'Non-Alignment' and the 'Gujral Doctrine' of non-reciprocity. However, the 2025-26 reality, reflected in recent CAPF 2024 questions (NID 17341), shows a move toward 'Pragmatic Realism.' While textbooks describe India-Nepal ties as 'fraught with geographic difficulties' (Majid Husain), the current strategic threads emphasize 'Defense Interoperability' and disaster response as the primary stabilizers of the relationship.
How This Theme Is Evolving
The trajectory has moved from 'Bilateral Military Drills' to 'Thematic Inter-regionalism.' A key marker is the transition from the 'Look East' policy (1990s) to the 2026 'ASEAN-India Year of Maritime Cooperation.' Furthermore, India is diversifying its 'Strategic Autonomy' by establishing institutional frameworks with Europe, such as the 'India-EU Strategic Defence Partnership' and the 'India-Weimar' format (France-Germany-Poland), moving beyond bilateralism into multi-layered bloc engagement.
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
Recent trends (NDA 2024, CAPF 2024) show a shift from identifying exercises (e.g., CAPF 2017 'Nomadic Elephant') to testing the strategic purpose of initiatives like SAGAR and 'Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047' (NID 17202). Questions are increasingly focusing on the 'Blue Economy' and the 'Security and Growth' framework rather than just bilateral MoUs.
Probable Prelims Angles
- Milan-2026 (Multilateral Naval Exercise context)
- Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 milestones
- Nomadic Elephant (India-Mongolia) & Garuda Shakti (India-Indonesia) locations
- India-EU Strategic Defence Partnership specific pillars
- Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) with Japan for decarbonization
Mains Themes
- Critically evaluate the transition from Non-alignment to 'Proactive Multi-alignment' in the context of the Indo-Pacific.
- Analyze the role of India as a 'Net Security Provider' in the Indian Ocean Region through the SAGAR initiative.
- The 'Europeanization' of India's strategic ties: Moving beyond the France-centric approach to a broader EU-wide defense partnership.
Preparation Strategy
Key Connections
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (11 themes, 53 news items)
India's Strategic and Defence Diplomatic Engagements (2025-2026)
Focus: A series of high-level bilateral dialogues and agreements between India and key global partners (Russia, France, US, Indonesia) focused on defence cooperation, technology transfer, and strategic security.
UPSC Value: Illustrates India's multi-alignment strategy and the push for 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' in defence through diverse international partnerships.
11 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-21 [International Relations] — India-France Strengthen Partnership
India and France have strengthened their partnership through expanding defence cooperation, technological collaboration, and global coordination, elevating ties to a Special Global Strategic Partnership. The inauguration of the Airbus H125 helicopter assembly line in Karnataka reflects growing strategic convergence. France remains a stable and trusted partner for India, shaping cooperation across security, innovation, economic development, and global governance.More details
UPSC Angle: India and France strengthen partnership, elevate ties.
Key Facts:
- Inauguration of the Airbus H125 helicopter assembly line in Karnataka
- Elevation of ties to a Special Global Strategic Partnership
- 2026-02-20 [Schemes & Programs] — India-France National Centre of Excellence in Aeronautics
PM Narendra Modi announced the establishment of an India–France National Centre of Excellence (NCoE) in Aeronautics & Defence at NSTI Kanpur under the PM-SETU scheme. The announcement coincided with the inauguration of the India–France Year of Innovation 2026, reinforcing the strategic technology and skill partnership between India and France.More details
UPSC Angle: India–France NCoE in Aeronautics & Defence at NSTI Kanpur under PM-SETU.
Key Facts:
- India–France National Centre of Excellence (NCoE) in Aeronautics & Defence will be established at NSTI Kanpur.
- The NCoE will focus on Aeronautics, MRO (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul), airport operations, defence manufacturing, and space-linked domains.
- The announcement coincided with the inauguration of the India–France Year of Innovation 2026.
- The India-France Year of Innovation 2026 was jointly launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron.
- 2026-02-20 [Defense & Security] — India and Finland reaffirm defence production ties
India and Finland reaffirmed commitment to strengthen defence production ties under the Joint Coordination Group and expand collaboration in areas of mutual interest such as Space and Quantum Computing. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh met Finland's Special Envoy of Technology, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Antti Vasara in New Delhi.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Finland reaffirm defence production ties.
Key Facts:
- India and Finland reaffirmed commitment to strengthen defence production ties under the Joint Coordination Group.
- Discussions focused on enhancing India-Finland defence cooperation in Space, Quantum Computing and niche technologies.
- Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh met Finland's Special Envoy of Technology, Antti Vasara.
- 2026-02-17 [International Relations] — India, France to Advance Defence Cooperation at Dialogue
India and France will renew their defence cooperation framework and advance joint manufacturing plans at the 6th annual bilateral defence dialogue in Bengaluru. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and French Minister Catherine Vautrin will co-chair the talks, with a focus on industrial collaboration and co-production initiatives. An MoU for joint manufacturing of HAMMER missiles in India is expected.More details
UPSC Angle: India and France to advance defence cooperation at bilateral dialogue.
Key Facts:
- 6th India-France Annual Defence Dialogue: February 17, 2026, Bengaluru
- Co-chairs: Rajnath Singh and Catherine Vautrin
- Defence cooperation agreement renewal for 10 years
- MoU for HAMMER missile production with BEL and Safran
- Virtual inauguration of Airbus H125 helicopter assembly line at Vemagal, Karnataka
- 2026-02-17 [International Relations] — India-France Renew Defence Cooperation for 10 Years
India and France have renewed their defence cooperation agreement for another 10 years at the 6th India-France Annual Defence Dialogue in Bengaluru. India has requested France to increase the "indigenous content" in the Rafale aircraft by up to 50% and expand the Rafale's maintenance, repair, and overhaul facility in India. The two countries emphasized the need for a closer defence partnership, particularly in niche technology.More details
UPSC Angle: India-France renew defence cooperation agreement for 10 years.
Key Facts:
- Defence cooperation agreement renewed for 10 years
- 6th India-France Annual Defence Dialogue held in Bengaluru
- India requests 50% indigenous content in Rafale aircraft
- Expansion of Rafale's maintenance, repair and overhaul facility in India
- 2026-02-17 [International Relations] — India-France Special Global Strategic Partnership
India and France have elevated their bilateral ties to a "Special Global Strategic Partnership" to guide cooperation until 2047, focusing on strategic autonomy, global governance, and security & innovation. This enhanced partnership builds upon 25 years of strategic cooperation and the Horizon 2047 Roadmap and aims to deepen cooperation in areas like defence, civil nuclear energy, space, and AI. Key agreements include the Year of Innovation 2026, a Defence Industrial Roadmap, and collaboration on Small Modular Reactors.More details
UPSC Angle: India and France elevate ties to 'Special Global Strategic Partnership'.
Key Facts:
- The "Special Global Strategic Partnership" aims to guide cooperation until 2047.
- Focus areas include Strategic Autonomy, Global Governance, and Security & Innovation.
- Year of Innovation 2026 will launch collaborations in AI, healthcare, and sustainable development.
- The Defence Industrial Roadmap focuses on co-production of fighter jet engines (Safran-HAL) and procurement of 26 Rafale-Marine jets.
- Commitment to co-develop SMRs and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs) to bolster India's 100 GW nuclear target.
- Strengthening the Indo-Pacific Triangular Development Cooperation to support third-country projects.
- A research centre involving AIIMS New Delhi and the Paris Brain Institute will integrate AI into healthcare.
- Expanding cooperation in human spaceflight, satellite launchers, and space situational awareness through the CNES-ISRO partnership.
- The partnership covers defence, technology, innovation, space, AI governance, and economic cooperation.
- Launch of India–France Year of Innovation.
- Space diplomacy (TRISHNA Satellite).
- 2026-01-14 [International Relations] — 38th India-France Strategic Dialogue
India and France reaffirmed their strategic partnership during the 38th India-France Strategic Dialogue, discussing security, defence, technology, space, and civil nuclear cooperation. They explored opportunities for joint development and collaboration aligning with Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives.More details
UPSC Angle: 38th India-France Strategic Dialogue reaffirms partnership.
Key Facts:
- 38th India-France Strategic Dialogue
- Make in India
- Atmanirbhar Bharat
- National Security Adviser
- Diplomatic Adviser to the French President
- security
- defence
- technology
- space
- civil nuclear cooperation
- 2025-11-28 [International Relations] — India, Indonesia Reaffirm Defence Partnership
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh and Minister of Defense of Indonesia Mr Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin co-chaired the third India-Indonesia Defence Ministers' Dialogue in New Delhi on November 27, 2025, reaffirming the long-standing strategic partnership and deepening bilateral defence cooperation. Key outcomes of the meeting include Strategic Outlook on Indo-Pacific Peace and Security: Defence Cooperation and Industry Collaboration; Military-to-Military Engagements; Maritime.More details
UPSC Angle: India, Indonesia Reaffirm Defence Partnership.
Key Facts:
- India
- Indonesia
- Defence Ministers' Dialogue
- New Delhi
- November 27, 2025
- Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
- Joint Defence Industry Cooperation Committee
- Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh
- Minister of Defense of Indonesia Mr Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin
- third India-Indonesia Defence Ministers' Dialogue
- Strategic Outlook on Indo-Pacific Peace and Security
- Defence Cooperation and Industry Collaboration
- Military-to-Military Engagements
- Maritime
- 2025-08-27 [International Relations] — India-US 2+2 Intersessional Dialogue Held
India and the US held the 2+2 Intersessional Dialogue, focusing on advancing a new 10-year defense framework to boost defense production and strengthen trade and energy security.More details
UPSC Angle: India-US 2+2 Intersessional Dialogue focused on defense and trade.
Key Facts:
- India and US held 2+2 Intersessional Dialogue.
- Dialogue focused on a new 10-year defense framework.
- Aims to boost defense production, trade, and energy security.
- 2025-06-14 [International Relations] — India and France Intensify Cooperation in Key Strategic Areas
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar held discussions with his French counterpart, agreeing to intensify bilateral cooperation in areas like defence, security, space, and civilian-nuclear collaboration. The India-France Strategic Partnership, launched on January 26, 1998, is India's first-ever Strategic Partnership.More details
UPSC Angle: India and France intensify cooperation in defence, space, nuclear areas.
Key Facts:
- India–France Strategic Partnership: Launched on 26 January 1998
- Core vision: Enhance strategic autonomy and deepen bilateral cooperation
- Key Strategic Pillars: Defence and security, Civil nuclear cooperation and Space collaboration
- Expanding areas: Indo-Pacific cooperation, maritime security, digitalisation, cyber security, climate change, sustainable development, advanced technologies, and counter-terrorism
- 2025-05-04 [International Relations] — India-Russia Defence Cooperation Agreement
India and Russia have signed a new defence agreement focusing on joint production of advanced military hardware and technology sharing, including next-generation fighter jets and critical maintenance support systems. The move is expected to boost India's self-reliance in defence manufacturing under the 'Make in India' initiative.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Russia defence agreement focuses on joint production and tech sharing.
Key Facts:
- The agreement involves joint production of military hardware and technology sharing.
Deepening India-Japan Strategic Partnership (2025)
Focus: A consistent series of bilateral engagements between India and Japan throughout 2025 covering defense, climate, and economic cooperation.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-sectoral institutionalization of the India-Japan relationship as a pillar of Indo-Pacific security.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-23 [Environment & Ecology] — India Reaffirms Participation in Japan-Led Joint Crediting Mechanism
At the 11th meeting of the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) partner countries, India reaffirmed its participation in this Japan-led bilateral carbon crediting mechanism. The mechanism promotes decarbonization technologies and renewable energy sources.More details
UPSC Angle: India reaffirms participation in Japan-led Joint Crediting Mechanism.
Key Facts:
- Mechanism: Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)
- Countries: India and Japan
- Focus: Decarbonization technologies, renewable energy
- 2025-08-29 [International Relations] — India-Japan Joint Vision for Next Decade
India and Japan have created a 10-year strategic roadmap to boost economic and functional cooperation. This includes a goal of JPY 10 trillion in private Japanese investment in India. The plan focuses on economic partnership, security, mobility, sustainability, technology, health, and people-to-people exchanges.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Japan create 10-year strategic roadmap.
Key Facts:
- A 10-year strategic roadmap will focus on economic and functional cooperation.
- The roadmap includes economic relations, economic security, mobility, ecological sustainability, technology and innovation, health, people-to-people exchanges, and partnerships between Indian states and Japanese prefectures.
- A new target of 10 trillion Japanese Yen (approximately $67 billion USD) of private investment from Japan to India was set.
- 2025-06-03 [International Relations] — India, Japan to deepen maritime ties
India and Japan agreed to enhance collaboration in maritime affairs, including port digitization and shipbuilding, reflecting a growing strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific region aimed at countering China's dominance. Japan is interested in investing in Indian shipyards, particularly Imabari Shipbuilding's greenfield project in Andhra Pradesh. They also agreed to enhance digital technologies in port operations to improve efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.More details
UPSC Angle: India, Japan to deepen maritime ties in Indo-Pacific region.
Key Facts:
- Japan is interested in investing in Indian shipyards and port infrastructure, including Imabari Shipbuilding's proposed greenfield project in Andhra Pradesh.
- India has over 1.54 lakh trained seafarers available for employment.
- The partnership aligns with India's smart port initiative and Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kal 2047.
- Bilateral trade was $21.96 billion in FY23, with a target of five trillion yen (Rs 3.2 lakh crore) investment by 2027.
- Bilateral trade was $21.96 billion in FY2022–23.
- Target of five trillion-yen (Rs 3.2 lakh crore) investment by 2027.
- Japan supports developing Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands into smart, green islands using renewable energy.
- 2025-05-03 [International Relations] — Japan Expresses Cooperation with India in Fighting Terrorism
The Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan, Nukaga Fukushiro, conveyed Japan's full cooperation to India in fighting terrorism, condemning the Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 civilians. During a visit to India, Fukushiro held talks with Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla and expressed solidarity with India in eradicating terrorism.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Nukaga Fukushiro, Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan, offered full cooperation to India in fighting terrorism.
- Fukushiro condemned the Pahalgam terror attack.
- 26 civilians were killed in the Pahalgam terror attack.
- Fukushiro held bilateral talks with Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla.
- 2025-04-17 [International Relations] — India and Japan Strengthen Climate Cooperation
India and Japan signed a fresh agreement to strengthen cooperation on climate action and disaster management.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Japan strengthen cooperation on climate action.
Key Facts:
- Agreement between: India and Japan
- Objective: to strengthen cooperation on climate action and disaster management
- 2025-04-09 [International Relations] — India, Japan Deepen Strategic Ties with Defense Talks
India and Japan held high-level defense talks in New Delhi to deepen strategic ties, with a focus on joint military exercises and defense technology sharing. This collaboration is important for India's Act East Policy.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Japan deepen strategic ties with defense talks.
Key Facts:
- India and Japan held defense talks in New Delhi.
India-Russia Strategic Defense Cooperation (Indra Series)
Focus: Bilateral military engagements between India and Russia across naval and ground domains throughout 2025 and early 2026.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the continuity of the 'Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership' through regularized joint drills despite changing geopolitical dynamics.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-28 [Defense & Security] — Russia, India to Hold Joint Naval Drills in Bay of Bengal in February 2026
Russia and India will conduct joint naval exercises in the Bay of Bengal in February 2026, according to Russia's TASS state news agency, citing the Russian Maritime College's press service. A frigate from the Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet will participate in the Milan-2026 exercise and then make an unofficial visit to Visakhapatnam from February 18 to 25.More details
UPSC Angle: Russia, India to hold joint naval drills in Bay of Bengal.
Key Facts:
- Joint naval exercises in February 2026
- Location: Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean
- Participants: Russia and India
- Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet frigate to participate
- Unofficial visit to Visakhapatnam: February 18-25
- 2025-10-31 [Defense & Security] — India and Russia to conduct joint ground forces drills
India and Russia will hold joint ground force exercises, Indra 2025, from October 1 to 15 in Rajasthan. The exercises take place in desert conditions near Bikaner, Rajasthan. About 250 Russian military personnel will participate.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Russia to conduct joint ground forces drills, Indra 2025, in Rajasthan.
Key Facts:
- India and Russia held joint ground force exercises named Indra 2025.
- The exercises occurred from October 1 to 15.
- The location was in the desert conditions of Rajasthan near Bikaner.
- Approximately 250 Russian military personnel participated.
- 2025-10-15 [Defense & Security] — India and Russia Conduct Joint Military Drills 'Indra 2025'
India and Russia conducted joint ground force exercises, Indra 2025, from October 1-15, 2025, in Rajasthan, near Bikaner. Approximately 250 Russian military personnel participated in the exercises, which focused on counter-terrorism operations and enhancing interoperability. The Russian Embassy in New Delhi stated that the exercises confirm the special and privileged strategic partnership between Moscow and New Delhi.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Russia conduct joint military drills 'Indra 2025'.
Key Facts:
- Joint military exercise 'Indra 2025' was held between India and Russia from October 1-15, 2025.
- The exercise took place in Rajasthan, near Bikaner.
- Approximately 250 Russian military personnel participated.
- The exercises focused on counter-terrorism operations and enhancing interoperability.
- 2025-03-22 [Defense & Security] — India and Russia to conduct joint military exercise INDRA 2025
India and Russia will conduct the joint military exercise INDRA 2025 in Chennai and the Bay of Bengal from March 19-22, 2025, focusing on maritime security and counter-terrorism. This exercise is part of a series of military exercises India engages in with key nations to boost defense capabilities and promote friendly relations. Other exercises scheduled for 2025 include Tiger Triumph with the United States and Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) with African countries.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Russia to conduct joint military exercise INDRA 2025.
Key Facts:
- INDRA 2025 will be conducted between India and Russia from March 19-22, 2025.
- The location is Chennai and the Bay of Bengal.
- Tiger Triumph 2025 with the United States is scheduled for March 28 – April 2, 2025.
- Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) with African countries will take place from 1-13 April 2025.
- 2025-03-01 [Defense & Security] — India-Russia Joint Naval Exercise
In March and April 2025, the Indian and Russian navies conducted joint maneuvers involving a harbor phase at Chennai and a sea phase in the Bay of Bengal, marking a renewed engagement between the armed forces of both countries.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Russia joint naval exercise conducted in Bay of Bengal.
Key Facts:
- March
- April 2025
- Chennai
- Bay of Bengal
India's Bilateral Strategic Partnerships (2025-2026)
Focus: A series of government-to-government engagements and MoUs with partner nations (Nigeria, Singapore, Mauritius, Russia) focusing on technology transfer, capacity building, and sectoral cooperation.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the trend of 'Economic and Technology Diplomacy' in India's foreign policy, highlighting specific sectoral agreements with key partners.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-02 [International Relations] — MSME Internationalization Strengthened
MSME internationalization has been strengthened through MoUs with Mauritius, Thailand, Slovakia, and Malaysia, focusing on capacity building, technology transfer, and industrial partnerships. These engagements reflect India's strategy of MSME-led economic diplomacy.More details
UPSC Angle: MSME internationalization strengthened through MoUs.
Key Facts:
- MoUs with Mauritius, Thailand, Slovakia and Malaysia
- Focus on capacity building & expert exchanges
- Emphasis on technology transfer & industrial partnerships
- 2025-11-12 [International Relations] — India & Russia Strengthen Ties with Series of MOUs
India and Russia have strengthened their strategic partnership by signing a series of significant MOUs across key sectors in the field of health care, medical education, and science. Leaders agreed to work on economic cooperation program till 2030.More details
UPSC Angle: India & Russia strengthen ties with MOUs in health, education, science.
Key Facts:
- The MOUs include Food safety cooperation.
- MOU on training of ships operating in polar waters.
- Exchange of information on movement of vehicles.
- India and Russia signed 16 MOUs and agreements.
- 2025-09-11 [International Relations] — India and Mauritius Exchange MOUs
On September 11, 2025, India and Mauritius exchanged MOUs, including one between कर्मयोगी भारत डीओपीटी Government of India and the Ministry of Public Service and Administrative Reforms Government of Mauritius, and an agreement on cooperation for the establishment of a Telemetry Tracking and Telecommunication State Station for Satellite Launch Vehicles and Cooperation in the Fields of Space Research Science and Application.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Mauritius exchange MOUs.
Key Facts:
- MOUs exchanged between India and Mauritius on September 11, 2025
- एमओयू बिटवीन कर्मयोगी भारत डीओपीटी Government of India and the Ministry of Public Service and Administrative Reforms Government of Mauritius
- Agreement between the Government of India and the Government of Mauritius on Cooperation for the Establishment of Telemetry Tracking and Telecommunication State Station for Satellite Launch Vehicles and Cooperation in the Fields of Space Research Science and Application
- 2025-08-14 [International Relations] — India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable
India and Singapore reaffirmed their strategic partnership at the third edition of the India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable (ISMR), focusing on collaboration across critical sectors including healthcare, digitalisation, advanced technology, and connectivity. The countries aim to deepen ties through multilateral institutions for security cooperation and economic integration, leveraging the Indian diaspora and promoting cultural diplomacy.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable focused on health, fintech, and skill development.
Key Facts:
- Event: Third edition of India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable (ISMR)
- Focus areas: Healthcare, digitalisation, advanced technology, and connectivity
- 2025-08-13 [International Relations] — India-Nigeria Defence Talks
India and Nigeria are engaging in defence talks to strengthen ties with Africa's largest economy and support the Act Africa policy. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is planned for joint exercises and technology transfer in 2026.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Nigeria defence talks to strengthen ties with Africa.
Key Facts:
- MoU for joint exercises, technology transfer in 2026
India's Strategic Defence Expansion in Europe
Focus: A pattern of India establishing and deepening specific defence and strategic frameworks with European nations and the EU bloc throughout 2025-2026.
UPSC Value: Illustrates India's multi-aligned foreign policy shift towards diversifying defence partners beyond traditional allies by engaging European states (Slovakia, Croatia, France/Germany) and the EU institutionally.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-17 [International Relations] — French President Macron Visits India, Focus on Defence and AI
French President Emmanuel Macron arrived in India for a three-day visit, meeting with PM Modi to strengthen strategic ties, particularly in defence and artificial intelligence, as well as inaugurating the India-France Year of Innovation. Discussions include defence cooperation, trade, and MoUs across sectors like skilling and health, alongside global issues like the Russia-Ukraine war. The visit also features Macron's participation in the India AI Impact Summit.More details
UPSC Angle: French President Macron visits India, focusing on defence and AI.
Key Facts:
- President Emmanuel Macron's visit: February 17-19, 2026
- India-France Year of Innovation inauguration: 2026
- India AI Impact Summit participation: February 19, 2026
- 12 agreements/MoUs expected: defence, trade, skilling, health, supply chains
- 6th India-France defence dialogue: Bengaluru
- President: Emmanuel Macron
- Dates: February 16-19, 2026
- Purpose: Participate in AI Impact Summit and bilateral summit
- Location: Mumbai and Delhi
- India-France Year of Innovation 2026: Jointly inaugurated by PM Modi and President Macron
- The visit comes against the backdrop of a steadily deepening partnership across defence, space, civil nuclear energy, climate action, and education.
- On Tuesday (February 17), the French President will meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Mumbai, and the two leaders will exchange Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) before giving a press statement at the Lok Bhavan in Mumbai.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi
- French President Emmanuel Macron
- Mumbai
- February 17, 2026
- India-France Strategic Partnership
- India-France Year of Innovation 2026
- AI Impact Summit (India)
- Lok Bhavan (Mumbai) - Bilateral Engagements at 3:15 PM
- Mumbai - President Macron's first visit
- 2026-01-27 [International Relations] — India, EU Sign Mobility Pact & Strategic Defence Partnership
On January 27, 2026, India and the European Union signed a "Comprehensive Framework for Cooperation on Mobility" to ease the movement of students and skilled professionals, along with a strategic defence partnership pact to enhance collaboration on counter-terrorism, maritime security, and cybersecurity. The mobility pact aims to streamline visa processing for Indian nationals and establish an EU "Legal Gateway Office" in New Delhi, while the defence partnership seeks to integrate defence industries and supply chains.More details
UPSC Angle: India, EU sign mobility pact & strategic defence partnership.
Key Facts:
- India and the EU signed a "Comprehensive Framework for Cooperation on Mobility" on January 27, 2026.
- The mobility pact allows EU member states to issue short-term study, research, and seasonal-work permits to Indian nationals for up to 12 months.
- An EU "Legal Gateway Office" will be established in New Delhi to guide Indian talent through visa rules.
- Both sides commit to digitalizing Schengen-visa processing and sharing data on document fraud.
- An annual Education & Skills Dialogue will align India's National Qualifications Framework with the European Qualifications Framework.
- India and the EU also inked a strategic defence partnership pact.
- The defence partnership will help India and the EU to work more closely on counter-terrorism, maritime security, and cybersecurity.
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met with Vice President of the European Union (EU) Commission Kaja Kallas.
- Signed on 27 January 2026 in New Delhi during the 16th India–EU Summit.
- Signatories: India: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and service chiefs. EU: Kaja Kallas, EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
- 2026-01-07 [International Relations] — India-Weimar Format Meeting
On January 7, 2026, External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar attended the India-Weimar format meeting, which included France and Germany, to discuss India-EU relations, the Indo-Pacific, and the Ukraine conflict. France is India's earliest Strategic Partner in Europe, and President Macron is expected to visit India soon. The discussions centered around deepening engagement with Europe and exploring new areas for cooperation.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Weimar format meeting discussed India-EU relations and Indo-Pacific issues.
Key Facts:
- Date: 2026-01-07
- Participants: India, France, Germany
- Focus: India-EU relations, Indo-Pacific, Ukraine conflict
- France: India's earliest Strategic Partner in Europe
- Expected visit: President Macron to India
- 2025-06-19 [International Relations] — India and Croatia to deepen defence ties
India and Croatia have agreed to develop a long-term defence cooperation plan. PM Modi's visit reflects India's expanding European outreach beyond traditional Western partners, focusing on newer EU members like Croatia that influence the EU's consensus-driven decision-making. Croatia's neutral stance on major global conflicts and willingness to cooperate on technology align with India's values.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Croatia to deepen defence ties.
Key Facts:
- The two countries will engage in joint military training, personnel exchanges and industry-level defence partnerships.
- MoUs were signed on Agriculture, Cultural Exchange, Science & Technology and setting up of an ICCR Chair of Hindi in Zagreb.
- Croatia reiterated its strong support for the early conclusion of the India-EU Free Trade Agreement.
- There is commitment to enhance investment in Croatia's critical industries, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, information technology, clean technology, digital technology, and semiconductors.
- 2025-04-19 [International Relations] — India's First Defence MoU with Slovakia
During President Droupadi Murmu's visit to Slovakia in April 2025, India and Slovakia signed their first-ever defence MoU, marking a major step in boosting India's indigenous defence manufacturing.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Slovakia signed their first-ever defence MoU.
Key Facts:
- Agreement: First-ever defence MoU
- Parties: India and Slovakia
- Occasion: President Droupadi Murmu's visit to Slovakia, April 2025
Multilateral Maritime Security Engagements
Focus: Specific bilateral and multilateral diplomatic forums where India engaged with international partners on maritime security during 2025-2026.
UPSC Value: Highlights India's evolving role as a net security provider through specific diplomatic mechanisms like IONS, CSC, and dialogues with the EU and ASEAN.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-18 [International Relations] — India and ASEAN Designate 2026 as Year of Maritime Cooperation
Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that 2026 will be the 'Year of ASEAN–India Maritime Cooperation,' underscoring the growing partnership in maritime security and the blue economy. This declaration, made during the 22nd ASEAN–India Summit in Kuala Lumpur, aims to promote bilateral cooperation in various sectors including education, tourism, and cybersecurity.More details
UPSC Angle: 2026 designated as 'Year of ASEAN–India Maritime Cooperation'.
Key Facts:
- 2026 is celebrated as the 'ASEAN–India Year of Maritime Cooperation 2026'.
- India's First Training Squadron (1TS) arrived at Changi Naval Base on January 15, 2026.
- The squadron includes INS Tir, INS Shardul, INS Sujata, and Indian Coast Guard Ship Sarathi.
- The deployment is to the South East Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
- Personnel from the Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) are participating in activities to enhance capabilities and promote maritime cooperation.
- High commissioner of India to Singapore is Dr Shilpak Ambule.
- 2026 has been declared the 'Year of ASEAN–India Maritime Cooperation'.
- The announcement was made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 22nd ASEAN–India Summit in Kuala Lumpur.
- Joint efforts between India and ASEAN in humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, maritime security, and the blue economy are expanding.
- The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to promoting sustainable tourism and preserving cultural heritage.
- ASEAN–India Year of Tourism 2025 is expected to serve as a key platform for advancing shared goals and enhancing regional connectivity.
- 2025-12-26 [International Relations] — Colombo Security Conclave Enhances Maritime Security
On December 26, 2025, it was reported that the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) is emerging as a crucial forum for maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region, amidst regional cohesion challenges. In November 2025, India hosted the 7th National Security Advisor-level summit of the CSC, promoting security cooperation, capacity building, and addressing non-traditional security threats like trafficking, piracy, and terrorism.More details
UPSC Angle: Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) enhances maritime security in Indian Ocean Region.
Key Facts:
- India hosted the 7th National Security Advisor-level summit of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) in November 2025
- CSC was formed to promote closer cooperation on security matters and strengthen partnerships
- CSC aims to enhance regional security of the Indian Ocean Region
- Focus on mutual non-traditional security threats and geographical proximity
- 2025-06-26 [Defense & Security] — Indian Navy Hosts IONS Maritime Security Meeting
The Indian Navy hosted the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) Working Group Meeting on Maritime Security (IWG-MARSEC) in New Delhi from June 24-25, 2025, bringing together representatives from 13 IONS member nations to discuss and strengthen regional maritime security architecture through enhanced information sharing, Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), and collaborative approaches to mitigate emerging threats in the Indian Ocean Region. Rear Admiral Nirbhay Bapna emphasized India's commitment to regional maritime cooperation and the necessity of multilateral mechanisms.More details
UPSC Angle: Indian Navy hosts IONS Maritime Security Working Group Meeting.
Key Facts:
- Indian Navy hosted the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) Working Group Meeting on Maritime Security (IWG-MARSEC) from 24 to 25 Jun 2025 in New Delhi.
- 13 IONS member nations participated: Australia, Bangladesh, France, India, Kenya, Mozambique, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Thailand.
- Rear Admiral Nirbhay Bapna, Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Foreign Cooperation & Intelligence).
- IONS established in 2008.
- India will take over as Chair of IONS (2025–2027) during the 9th Conclave of Chiefs at the end of 2025.
- 2025-03-21 [International Relations] — India-EU Maritime Security Dialogue
The 4th India-EU Maritime Security Dialogue was held in New Delhi, with discussions focusing on sustaining a secure maritime environment for inclusive growth and global well-being. Both sides agreed to strengthen efforts against illicit maritime activities, protect critical infrastructure, and enhance regional capability and capacity building. The next round of the Dialogue will be held on a mutually convenient date.More details
UPSC Angle: India-EU Maritime Security Dialogue focused on a secure maritime environment.
Key Facts:
- The 4th India-EU Maritime Security Dialogue was held on March 21, 2025, in New Delhi.
- The Indian delegation was led by Ms Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary (Disarmament & International Security Affairs), Ministry of External Affairs.
- The EU delegation was led by Mr Maciej Stadejek, Director for Security and Defence Policy, European External Action Service.
- Areas of cooperation include countering Illicit Maritime Activities (IMA), protection of critical maritime infrastructure, regional capability development and capacity building activities.
India-Nepal Bilateral Cooperation and Strategic Engagement 2025
Focus: A series of distinct bilateral agreements and diplomatic commitments between India and Nepal spanning infrastructure, community development, political stability, and defense cooperation throughout 2025.
UPSC Value: This thread illustrates the multi-dimensional implementation of India's 'Neighbourhood First' policy, showcasing the transition from soft-power developmental aid to hard-power strategic defense ties.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-25 [International Relations] — India-Nepal Strengthen Defence Ties
India and Nepal are strengthening defence ties, enhancing interoperability & disaster-response coordination.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Nepal are strengthening defence ties.
- 2025-09-19 [International Relations] — India Ready to Strengthen Ties with Nepal
India has expressed its readiness to continue working closely with Nepal to strengthen their special ties, offering full support for Nepal's efforts in restoring peace, stability, and progress, following recent political developments where Nepal pledged to hold elections in March. This commitment underscores India's ongoing engagement and prioritization of its relationship with Nepal, particularly in supporting its democratic processes and overall development.More details
UPSC Angle: India ready to strengthen ties with Nepal.
Key Facts:
- India is ready to continue working closely to further strengthen special ties between the two countries
- India extends full support to Nepal in its efforts towards restoring peace and stability
- India extends support for the progress of the people of Nepal
- India is ready to continue working closely to further strengthen special ties between the two countries and full support to Nepal
- Nepal pledged to hold elections in March
- 2025-07-21 [International Relations] — India-Nepal agreement for community development projects
India and Nepal have signed an agreement on July 21, 2025, for five high-impact community development projects.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Nepal agreement for community development projects.
Key Facts:
- Agreement signed between India and Nepal on July 21, 2025.
- Purpose: For Five High-Impact Community Development Projects.
- 2025-04-01 [International Relations] — India to Enhance Education, Healthcare, and Cultural Infrastructure in Nepal
On April 1, 2025, India signed an agreement to enhance education, healthcare, and cultural infrastructure in Nepal.More details
UPSC Angle: India to enhance education, healthcare, and cultural infrastructure in Nepal.
Key Facts:
- April 1, 2025
- India
- Nepal
- Agreement to enhance education
- healthcare
- cultural infrastructure
Deepening Indo-Pacific Security Partnerships (2025)
Focus: A series of bilateral engagements in 2025 where India strengthened defence and strategic ties with key Indo-Pacific partners (Malaysia, Australia, Philippines, Japan).
UPSC Value: Demonstrates India's systematic consolidation of its security architecture in the Indo-Pacific region through diverse bilateral mechanisms.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-27 [International Relations] — India-Japan Ties and QUAD
Modern strategic cooperation between India and Japan began with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's 2007 visit and his 'Confluence of the Two Seas' speech before the Indian Parliament, which was an intellectual precursor to the QUAD framework. Bilateral relations were elevated to a 'Special Strategic and Global Partnership' in 2014 during the Indian Prime Minister's visit to Japan.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Japan strategic cooperation began with Abe's 'Confluence of Two Seas'.
Key Facts:
- Shinzo Abe's 2007 visit and 'Confluence of the Two Seas' speech
- Bilateral relations elevated in 2014 to 'Special Strategic and Global Partnership'
- Pledge: Japan to increase defence spending
- Focus: Deepening strategic ties with India
- QUAD members: United States, Australia, and India
- Partnership: 'Special Strategic and Global Partnership' in 2014
- 2025-08-05 [International Relations] — India & Philippines Establish Strategic Partnership
On August 5, 2025, India and the Philippines formalized a strategic partnership, marked by the exchange of 13 agreements ranging from defense to technology during a meeting between President Marcos Jr. and Prime Minister Modi in New Delhi. This elevates India as the Philippines' fifth strategic partner, promising enhanced cooperation on regional and international security issues, defense, health, and economic sectors.More details
UPSC Angle: India & Philippines establish strategic partnership with 13 agreements.
Key Facts:
- India and the Philippines established a strategic partnership on August 5, 2025.
- 13 agreements were exchanged between the two countries.
- The partnership was announced during a meeting between Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi.
- India is the Philippines' fifth strategic partner, joining Japan, Vietnam, Australia, and South Korea.
- The agreements include cooperation in defense, technology, criminal matters, science and technology, and tourism.
- 2025-06-04 [International Relations] — India and Australia Deepen Defence Cooperation
India and Australia are enhancing their bilateral defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, driven by disrupted global security dynamics and potential shifts in American commitments. Australia bridges the Indian and Pacific Oceans and holds military assets near Southeast Asia, supporting India's maritime goals.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Australia deepen defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific.
Key Facts:
- India and Australia are enhancing bilateral defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific.
- Australia bridges the Indian and Pacific Oceans and holds military assets near Southeast Asia, supporting India's maritime goals.
- Air-to-air refueling agreement signed in November 2024
- Joint military exercises: Astrahin (army), AusIndex (navy)
- Mutual logistics support agreement
- 2025-03-22 [Defense & Security] — India, Malaysia Plan Counter-Terrorism Exercises
India and Malaysia are planning counter-terrorism exercises for 2026.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Malaysia plan counter-terrorism exercises for 2026.
Key Facts:
- India and Malaysia plan counter-terrorism exercises for 2026
India-Mongolia Strategic Partnership 2025
Focus: Bilateral engagement between India and Mongolia across defense, diplomatic, and economic sectors within the 2025 calendar year.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-dimensional nature of India's 'Extended Neighborhood' policy and strategic cooperation with landlocked partners.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-14 [International Relations] — India-Mongolia Bilateral Agreements
India and Mongolia exchanged MOUs on October 14, 2025, covering humanitarian aid, heritage restoration, immigration, geology and mineral resources, and digital solutions, during the Mongolian President's visit to New Delhi. The agreements aim to enhance cooperation and promote shared digital solutions between the two countries.More details
UPSC Angle: India-Mongolia MOUs on humanitarian aid, heritage, immigration, geology, digital.
Key Facts:
- MOUs exchanged between India and Mongolia on October 14, 2025
- Cooperation areas: humanitarian aid, heritage restoration, immigration, geology and mineral resources, digital solutions
- Location: New Delhi
- Participants: President of Mongolia, Prime Minister of India
- 2025-06-16 [Defense & Security] — Exercise Nomadic Elephant
India and Mongolia participated in Exercise Nomadic Elephant, a joint military exercise aimed at enhancing interoperability. The training focused on semi-conventional scenarios in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under a United Nations mandate. The exercise underscores the strategic importance of India's partnership with Mongolia in the defence sector.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Mongolia participated in Exercise Nomadic Elephant.
Key Facts:
- Exercise Nomadic Elephant: Joint military exercise between India and Mongolia
- Objective: Enhance interoperability
- Training focus: Semi-conventional scenarios in semi-urban and mountainous terrain
- Under a United Nations mandate
- 2025-03-12 [International Relations] — India-Mongolia Relations
The Hindu Newspaper analysis on March 12, 2025, mentions that नोमेडिक एलीिफेंट is the name of the military exercise between India and Mongolia.More details
UPSC Angle: "Nomadic Elephant" is the military exercise between India and Mongolia.
Key Facts:
- एक्वेरिन - military exercise between India and मालदीव्स
- मैत्री - military exercise between India and Thailand
- नोमेडिक एलीिफेंट - military exercise between India and Mongolia
- संप्रति - military exercise between India and Bangladesh
- प्रबल दोस्तक - military exercise between India and कजगिस्तान
- इंदिरा - military exercise between Russia and India
- अजय वॉरियर - military exercise between India and UK
- मित्र शक्ति - military exercise between India and Sri Lanka
- अलनगा - military exercise between India and Oman
- हैंड इन हैंड - military exercise between India and China
- इम्बक्स - military exercise between India and Myanmar
- सूर्य किरण - military exercise between India and Nepal
India-Europe Maritime Security Cooperation 2025
Focus: A series of naval engagements and cooperation proposals between the Indian Navy and European maritime forces (UK and EUNAVFOR) specifically focused on the Western Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in 2025.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates India's strategic 'Look West' naval diplomacy and its role as a net security provider through enhanced interoperability with European powers in critical sea lanes.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-05 [Defense & Security] — Naval exercise off Western coast
Indian Navy's INS Vikrant and UK's HMS Prince of Wales are leading an 8-day Indo-UK naval exercise off the Western coast.More details
UPSC Angle: Indo-UK naval exercise off the Western coast led by INS Vikrant.
Key Facts:
- INS Vikrant
- HMS Prince of Wales
- 8-day
- Indo-UK
- 2025-06-13 [Defense & Security] — India-UK Naval Exercise in Arabian Sea
The Indian Navy and the United Kingdom conducted a Passage Exercise (PASSEX) in the North Arabian Sea. Indian naval assets including INS Tabar, a submarine, and a P-8I participated, while the UK contingent included HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Richmond. The exercise highlighted advanced operational coordination and interoperability, demonstrating readiness and high-end combat capabilities.More details
UPSC Angle: India-UK Naval Exercise (PASSEX) conducted in the Arabian Sea.
Key Facts:
- Passage Exercise (PASSEX)
- Indian Navy
- United Kingdom
- North Arabian Sea
- INS Tabar
- P-8I
- HMS Prince of Wales
- HMS Richmond
- 2025-04-19 [International Relations] — EUNAVFOR proposes joint naval exercise with Indian Navy
The Commander of EUNAVFOR ATALANTA has proposed a joint naval exercise with the Indian Navy to strengthen maritime security cooperation in the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. The primary goal is to enhance coordination and maritime cooperation between European naval forces and the Indian Navy, particularly in the face of resurgent piracy threats and geopolitical instability in the Red Sea region.More details
UPSC Angle: EUNAVFOR proposes joint naval exercise with Indian Navy.
Key Facts:
- Proposed: Joint naval exercise with Indian Navy
- Proposer: EUNAVFOR ATALANTA (Operation Atalanta)
- Objective: Strengthen maritime security cooperation
- Location: Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea
- Operation Atalanta: EU maritime security operation launched in 2008
- Exercise: Joint naval exercise with Indian Navy
- Proposed by: European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) under Operation ATALANTA
- Timing: Around the end of May 2025
- Location: Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
- Exercise proposed by: EUNAVFOR ATALANTA
- Region: Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea
- Goal: Enhance coordination and maritime cooperation
- Threats: Resurgent piracy and geopolitical instability
India-Mauritius Strategic and Developmental Engagement 2025
Focus: A series of high-level diplomatic engagements and bilateral agreements between India and Mauritius spanning infrastructure, renewable energy, and economic assistance.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the practical application of India's 'Neighborhood First' and 'SAGAR' policies through multi-sectoral cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-09-12 [International Relations] — India Announces Special Economic Package for Mauritius
During Mauritius PM Navinchandra Ramgoolam's visit to Varanasi, India announced a USD 680 million Special Economic Package to Mauritius, with approximately USD 440 million for infrastructure projects like the SSR International Airport's new Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower and Motorway M4 development. The package aims to deepen strategic and developmental cooperation, with focus on health, infrastructure, maritime security, and education. The initiative also seeks to enable bilateral trade in local currencies following the launch of UPI and RuPay cards in Mauritius.More details
UPSC Angle: India announced USD 680 million Special Economic Package to Mauritius.
Key Facts:
- USD 680 million Special Economic Package: Includes grants and line of credit for health, infrastructure, and maritime projects.
- USD 440 million: Allocated for infrastructure projects.
- New Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital: To be constructed with Indian support.
- First Jan Aushadhi Kendra outside India: To be established in Mauritius.
- AYUSH Centre of Excellence: To be established in Mauritius.
- MoUs between IIT-Madras, IIPM-Bengaluru & University of Mauritius: To promote innovation and skilling.
- Development of Motorway M4 and Ring Road Phase II: Infrastructure projects to be undertaken.
- New ATC tower at SSR Airport: To be constructed.
- Port equipment acquisition: Part of the infrastructure development.
- Over 68% of Mauritius's population is of Indian origin.
- India announced a package worth $680 million, including $25 million as budgetary assistance for Mauritius.
- USD 680 million Special Economic Package for Mauritius
- Mauritius PM Navinchandra Ramgoolam visited Varanasi in 2025
- India will assist Mauritius in implementing at least 10 projects
- USD 440 million for large infrastructure projects (grant-cum-Line of Credit)
- SSR International Airport: New Air Traffic Control (ATC) tower completion
- Motorway M4 development
- 68% of Mauritius's population is of Indian origin
- 2025-04-12 [International Relations] — Mauritius Signs Partnership Framework with International Solar Alliance
Mauritius became the first African country and fourth globally to sign a Country Partnership Framework (CPF) with the International Solar Alliance (ISA). The signing took place during the Global SolarX Accelerator Programme hosted by the ISA in Mauritius.More details
UPSC Angle: Mauritius signs Partnership Framework with International Solar Alliance.
Key Facts:
- Country: Mauritius
- Organization: International Solar Alliance (ISA)
- Framework: Country Partnership Framework (CPF)
- ISA Mobilizes USD 1 trillion in solar investments by 2030.
- 2025-03-08 [International Relations] — PM Modi to Visit Mauritius
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to visit Mauritius on March 11 and 12, 2025, as announced by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri during a press conference in New Delhi.More details
UPSC Angle: PM Modi to Visit Mauritius.
Key Facts:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi will visit Mauritius on March 11 and 12, 2025
- Announcement by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri
Explore More Current Affairs
Browse all current affairs themes and story arcs on our blog