Indic Heritage and Cultural Diplomacy: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
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ExploreKey Takeaways
- India is aggressively using UNESCO frameworks (ICH, Memory of the World, WNBR) to secure global cultural leadership.
- The 'Diamond Triangle' of Odisha and the 'Devnimori Relics' are the current focus of Buddhist Soft Power.
- Classical language status is no longer just a South Indian phenomenon; it now includes Eastern and Marathi linguistic blocks.
- Infrastructure projects like the Sigandur bridge and Parvatmala are essential enablers of cultural and religious tourism.
In-Depth Analysis
The Big Picture
The thematic threads signal a transition from passive conservation of heritage to its active 'weaponization' as an instrument of Soft Power. There is an aggressive effort to bridge civilizational history (Somnath, Vande Mataram) with modern diplomatic outreach (Buddhist relics, Hindi at UN). This represents a state-led 'Cultural Renaissance' aimed at domestic consolidation and global prestige.
Cross-Theme Insight
Together, these threads reveal a three-pronged strategy: (1) International Validation (UNESCO ICH/Memory of World), (2) Institutional Revitalization (Gyan Bharatam, Classical Language Status), and (3) Strategic Connectivity (Ropeways, Night Safaris, and the Buddhist Circuit). The narrative shifts from India as a 'developing nation' to India as a 'Civilizational Powerhouse' that leads global well-being through initiatives like World Meditation Day and Clean Energy leadership.
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard textbooks like 'Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth' (7th ed., p. 543) state that 'so far, six languages are granted the classical language status.' However, current reality has evolved to 11 languages with the 2024-25 inclusion of Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali. Similarly, traditional environmental texts list fewer Biosphere Reserves in the WNBR; however, the inclusion of the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in 2025 marks India's 13th entry, surpassing the data in many current editions of Shankar IAS (p. 434).
How This Theme Is Evolving
In 2025-2026, the focus has moved beyond domestic 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav' celebrations toward becoming a 'Global Cultural Hub' (hosting the UNESCO ICH 20th session). The trajectory suggests increased lending of sacred artifacts (relic diplomacy) and a formal push for Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) in international platforms like the UN.
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
UPSC has shifted from basic identification of sites (e.g., Tabo Monastery, IAS 2009) to identifying recent UNESCO additions (e.g., Garba/Durga Puja, IAS 2024, nid: 6200). Recent questions also test the specific criteria and updated lists of Classical Languages (CDS-I 2025, nid: 9897), indicating a high priority for current 'status' updates over static historical lists.
Probable Prelims Angles
- The 5 newly added Classical Languages (Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, Bengali).
- UNESCO Memory of the World Register: Inclusion of Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra.
- Diamond Triangle of Odisha (Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, Lalitgiri) on UNESCO tentative list.
- Location of India's first urban night safari: Lucknow (Kukrail Forest).
- Thanjavur paintings: Historical patronage (Nayakas/Marathas) and technique (gold leaf/gemstone).
Mains Answer Framework
- India's foreign policy is increasingly anchored in 'Soft Power' diplomacy, where its civilizational heritage serves as a bridge for international cooperation.
- Cultural Diplomacy: Use of Buddhist Relic expositions (Devnimori) to strengthen ties within the Indian Ocean Region (Sri Lanka).. Linguistic Empowerment: Expanding the 'Classical Language' umbrella and pushing Hindi at the UN to reflect a multipolar world.. Infrastructure and Heritage: Using modern tech like FDR for temple roads and cable-stayed bridges (Sigandur) to boost the religious tourism economy.
- By integrating ancient wisdom with modern governance, India positions itself as a 'Vishwa Guru' that offers sustainable solutions to global challenges.
Essay Connections
- Culture is the soul of a nation: Use the 150th anniversary of Vande Mataram and the Somnath Temple's resilience as examples of civilizational continuity.
- The Soft Power of Nations: Discuss how Buddhist Relic diplomacy and UNESCO listings project India’s influence without military coercion.
Preparation Strategy
Reading Approach
Start with Laxmikanth and Nitin Singhania for the static criteria (Classical language rules, Buddhist architectural styles). Then, overlay these news items to update the lists—specifically the 5 new languages and the 2 new Memory of the World entries.
Textbook Roadmap
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 73: Official Language > p. 543. Threads 5, 11 (Classical Languages). Criteria for Classical Language status and the 8th Schedule.
- Environment, Shankar IAS Academy (10th ed.) > Chapter 15: Protected Area Network > p. 223. Threads 6, 12 (UNESCO WNBR). Difference between UNESCO World Heritage Sites and Biosphere Reserves.
Revision Bullets
- 11: Total number of Classical Indian languages as of 2025.
- December 8-13, 2025: Dates India hosts the 20th UNESCO ICH Committee session.
- Diamond Triangle: Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, and Lalitgiri (Odisha).
- 2.44 km: Length of the Sigandur bridge (India's 2nd longest cable-stayed).
- January 26: International Day of Clean Energy.
- December 21: World Meditation Day (Co-sponsored by India).
- Gyan Bharatam Mission: Rebranded National Manuscripts Mission anchored by IGNCA.
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (22 themes, 89 news items)
Promotion of Indic Cultural Heritage and Spiritual Traditions
Focus: Initiatives, festivals, and missions aimed at preserving and celebrating India's diverse spiritual traditions, ancient knowledge systems, and arts.
UPSC Value: Useful for Art & Culture studies, specifically regarding government efforts in soft power projection and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
10 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-01 [Society & Culture] — International Arya Mahasammelan 2025
The Prime Minister addressed the International Arya Mahasammelan 2025 in New Delhi, praising Arya Samaj's 150-year legacy in social reform, education, and Vedic thought and urged Arya Samaj to support the Gyan Bharatam Mission, digitising ancient manuscripts and engaging youth in preserving India's knowledge heritage. Swami Dayanand Saraswati established Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay, with principles finalized in Lahore in 1877, based on the authority of the Vedas and the motto "Krinvanto Vishwam Aryam".More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Swami Dayanand Saraswati established Arya Samaj with ten principles in 1875 in Bombay, which were finalized in Lahore in 1877.
- The movement's core principles are based on the infallible authority of the Vedas, emphasizing rationality and a return to Vedic values, encapsulated in its slogan "Back to the Vedas" and motto "Krinvanto Vishwam Aryam" (“Let us ennoble the world”).
- 2025-07-27 [Economy] — PM Modi highlights textile industry's growth and cultural diversity.
During his Mann Ki Baat address, PM Modi noted that the textile industry, representing India's cultural diversity, includes over 3,000 active startups driven by women, designers, weavers, and young entrepreneurs, emphasizing its role in India's development. He commemorated the 10th anniversary of National Handloom Day and cited success stories like Kavita Dhawale from Maharashtra and tribal women from Odisha who revived the Santhali saree.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Textile industry has more than 3,000 active start-ups
- National Handloom Day celebrated on August 7
- Kavita Dhawale from Paithan village in Maharashtra
- 650 tribal women from Mayurbhanj (Odisha) revived the Santhali saree
- 2025-06-21 [Society & Culture] — International Day of Yoga Celebrated
The 11th International Day of Yoga was celebrated with the theme "Yoga for One Earth, One Health". Union Minister Shripad Naik highlighted yoga's role in promoting unity, peace, and inner strength, noting its global recognition since the UN declaration in 2014, with celebrations in over 190 countries. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) hosted Yoga Sessions across 81 centrally protected monuments with free entry.More details
UPSC Angle: International Day of Yoga celebrated with theme 'Yoga for One Earth'.
Key Facts:
- 11th International Day of Yoga celebrated on June 21, 2025
- Theme: "Yoga for One Earth, One Health"
- Celebrated in over 190 countries
- ASI hosted Yoga Sessions across 81 centrally protected monuments
- Free entry to all ASI monuments on this day
- The main event was held in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and graced by the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi
- 2025-05-24 [Society & Culture] — Acharya Charaka and Sage Sushruta statues inaugurated
The Vice-President of India inaugurated statues of Acharya Charaka and Sage Sushruta at Goa's Raj Bhavan to promote India's ancient medical heritage. Acharya Charaka (c. 100 BCE–200 CE) is regarded as the Father of Indian Medicine and flourished in the region of Taxila under the Kushan ruler Kanishka. His key contribution is the Charaka Samhita, a foundational Ayurvedic text focusing on internal medicine.More details
UPSC Angle: Statues of Acharya Charaka and Sage Sushruta inaugurated.
Key Facts:
- Acharya Charaka: c. 100 BCE–200 CE
- Associated Kingdom: Taxila
- Kushan ruler: Kanishka
- Key Contribution: Charaka Samhita
- Raj Bhavan, Goa
- 2025-05-19 [Schemes & Programs] — Gyan Bharatam Mission
The Prime Minister will launch the revamped Gyan Bharatam Mission (formerly National Manuscripts Mission) on June 9, 2025, announced in the Union Budget 2025–26 under the Ministry of Culture. Anchored by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), it aims to survey, catalogue, preserve, and provide access to over one crore manuscripts from academic institutions, museums, libraries, and private collectors.More details
UPSC Angle: PM to launch revamped Gyan Bharatam Mission on June 9, 2025.
Key Facts:
- Gyan Bharatam Mission launch on June 9, 2025
- Formerly National Manuscripts Mission
- Announced in Union Budget 2025–26
- Under Ministry of Culture
- Anchored by Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA)
- Aims to preserve over one crore manuscripts
- Gyan Bharatam Mission
- Narendra Modi
- June 9, 2025
- Identifying manuscripts
- Conserving manuscripts
- Digitising manuscripts
- Sharing India's manuscript wealth
- 2025-04-18 [Society & Culture] — Dawoodi Bohra Community
The Prime Minister interacted with a Delegation of Dawoodi Bohra Community. The Dawoodi Bohra Community's location and religious identity were discussed.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Interaction with: Delegation of Dawoodi Bohra Community
- Discussed: Location and Religious Identity
- 2025-04-15 [Society & Culture] — New Year Celebrations Across Indian States
Various Indian states celebrate their New Year during this time. Baisakhi marks the beginning of the spring harvest season in Punjab and Northern India, Puthandu is celebrated in Tamil Nadu, Pohela Boishakh in West Bengal, Jude Sheetal by Maithili communities in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Nepal, and Pana Sankranti in Odisha.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Baisakhi: Marks the beginning of the spring harvest season in Punjab and Northern India
- Puthandu: Celebrated in Tamil Nadu on the first day of Chithirai month in the Tamil calendar
- Pohela Boishakh: Celebrated in West Bengal, marking the start of the Bengali calendar year
- Jude Sheetal: Celebrated by Maithili communities in Bihar, Jharkhand, and Nepal
- Pana Sankranti: Celebrated in Odisha as the Odia New Year; known for Bela Pana drink
- 2025-04-07 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi to participate in 'Navkar Mahamantra Divas' on April 9
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate in 'Navkar Mahamantra Divas' on April 9 at Vigyan Bhawan in the national capital. He will also address the gathering on the occasion. The event celebrates spiritual harmony and ethical consciousness through the chanting of the Navkar Mahamantra in Jainism. People from more than 108 countries will join the global chant for peace and togetherness.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Narendra Modi
- Navkar Mahamantra Divas
- April 9
- Vigyan Bhawan
- Jainism
- 108 countries
- 2025-03-11 [Society & Culture] — PM emphasizes devotion to nation and humanity through Sanskrit Subhashitam
The Prime Minister shared a Sanskrit Subhashitam that underlines the importance of complete devotion in serving the nation and humanity. This reflects the Prime Minister's emphasis on cultural values and their relevance in governance and public service.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The Prime Minister shared a Sanskrit Subhashitam.
- 2025-03-01 [Society & Culture] — Jahan-e-Khusrau Sufi Music Festival
Prime Minister of India attended the 25th edition of Jahan-e-Khusrau, a Sufi music festival honoring Amir Khusrau, highlighting his contributions to India's pluralistic Sufi tradition. Amir Khusrau is revered for pioneering Hindavi (precursor to Hindi and Urdu), shaping Indian classical music, and popularizing qawwali in South Asia.More details
UPSC Angle: Jahan-e-Khusrau Sufi music festival honors Amir Khusrau.
Key Facts:
- 25th edition of Jahan-e-Khusrau held
- Honors Amir Khusrau
- Amir Khusrau pioneered Hindavi
- Shaped Indian classical music
- Popularized qawwali in South Asia
India's Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power Initiatives
Focus: Events and initiatives where India actively promotes its language, culture, and heritage through international platforms (UN, UNESCO) and diplomatic missions.
UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing India's soft power strategy, the role of the Indian diaspora, and cultural diplomacy in international relations (GS Paper 2).
7 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-02 [Society & Culture] — World Hindi Diwas Commemoration at the UN
The Permanent Mission of India organized the World Hindi Diwas commemoration on February 2, 2026, at the UN, emphasizing the need to integrate new technologies in Hindi language education. India's Minister of State for Women and Child Development, Savitri Thakur, was the chief guest.More details
UPSC Angle: World Hindi Diwas commemorated at UN, emphasizing technology in Hindi education.
Key Facts:
- World Hindi Diwas commemoration held February 2, 2026, at the UN.
- Organized by the Permanent Mission of India.
- Savitri Thakur, India's Minister of State for Women and Child Development, was the chief guest.
- The Hindi at UN Project was renewed earlier this year for five more years.
- 2026-01-09 [Society & Culture] — Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)
The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated once in two years on 9th January. It is a significant event that honors the contributions of the Indian diaspora to their homeland. January 9th commemorates the day in 1915 when Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention was first established in 2003.More details
UPSC Angle: Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) celebrated on 9th January.
Key Facts:
- Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) is celebrated once in two years on 9th January.
- Honors the contributions of the Indian diaspora to their homeland.
- January 9th commemorates Mahatma Gandhi's return to India from South Africa in 1915.
- The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention was first established in 2003.
- Flagship event of the Ministry of External Affairs.
- 2025-12-29 [International Relations] — UN Chief Advocates for Development Aid Over Military Spending, Issues Message in Hindi
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres issued his New Year message in Hindi for the first time, appealing for global leaders to prioritize development aid over military spending. He highlighted the stark contrast between soaring global military spending ($2.7 trillion) and insufficient development aid. Guterres warned of a world in retreat from the principles binding humanity, facing chaos, division, violence, climate breakdown, and systemic violations of international law.More details
UPSC Angle: UN Chief advocates for development aid over military spending.
Key Facts:
- UN Secretary-General: Antonio Guterres.
- Global military spending: $2.7 trillion.
- Guterres' New Year message issued in Hindi for the first time.
- 2025-12-21 [International Relations] — UN Declares World Meditation Day with India as Co-sponsor
The UN General Assembly declared December 21 as World Meditation Day, with India as a co-sponsor. The date coincides with the Winter Solstice and aims to promote comprehensive well-being and inner transformation.More details
UPSC Angle: UN declares December 21 as World Meditation Day, co-sponsored by India.
Key Facts:
- UN declared December 21 as World Meditation Day
- India is a co-sponsor
- Date coincides with Winter Solstice
- Aims to promote well-being and inner transformation
- 2025-10-09 [Society & Culture] — Embassy of India Celebrates Diwali
The Embassy of India in Washington D.C. hosted an early reception to celebrate Diwali in association with Google on October 9, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Embassy of India hosted an early Diwali reception in association with Google on October 9, 2025.
- 2025-09-30 [Society & Culture] — Celebration of Gandhi Jayanti at the Embassy of India
The Embassy of India in Washington D.C. celebrated Gandhi Jayanti on September 30, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Embassy of India
- Washington D.C.
- Gandhi Jayanti
- September 30, 2025
- 2025-09-18 [Society & Culture] — Ministry of Culture Leads Multinational Nomination of Chhath Mahaparva to UNESCO
On September 16, 2025, the Ministry of Culture convened a consultation with diplomatic representatives from the United Arab Emirates, Suriname, and the Netherlands to discuss the multinational nomination of Chhath Mahaparva for UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list. The festival is known for its ecological ethos, inclusivity, and community spirit.More details
UPSC Angle: Ministry of Culture leads multinational nomination of Chhath to UNESCO.
Key Facts:
- Meeting convened by Ministry of Culture on September 16, 2025.
- Participating countries: United Arab Emirates, Suriname, and the Netherlands.
- Discussion focused on nominating Chhath Mahaparva for UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list.
Promotion and Preservation of Classical Indian Languages
Focus: Initiatives, policy updates, and cultural events specifically focused on the recognition and propagation of languages with 'Classical' status.
UPSC Value: Connects the official classification of Classical languages with concrete government measures (book releases, Sangamams) and historical evidence (inscriptions) supporting their antiquity.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-22 [Society & Culture] — Controversy Surrounds Tamil Nadu Government and Sahitya Akademi
Disagreements have arisen between the Tamil Nadu government and the Sahitya Akademi, India's apex literary institution, regarding perceived neglect of Tamil literary voice and concerns over centralisation and fairness in awards and recognition.More details
UPSC Angle: Controversy between Tamil Nadu govt and Sahitya Akademi.
- 2026-01-07 [Society & Culture] — Release of Literary Works in Classical Indian Languages
The Union Education Minister released 55 volumes of literary works in classical Indian languages. These works are composed in Kannada, Odia, Telugu, Malayalam, and Tamil. Key inclusions are the sign-language series of the Tirukkural (by Thiruvalluvar).More details
UPSC Angle: 55 volumes of literary works in classical Indian languages released.
Key Facts:
- 55 volumes of literary works in classical Indian languages released
- Composed in – Kannada, Odia, Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil
- Key Inclusion – Sign-language series of the Tirukkural (by Thiruvalluvar)
- Published by – Centres of Excellence for Classical Languages (CIIL), Central Institute of Classical Tamil
- 2025-12-02 [Society & Culture] — Kashi Tamil Sangamam 4.0 begins with focus on linguistic learning
The fourth edition of Kashi Tamil Sangamam (KTS 4.0) began on December 2, 2025, in Varanasi with the theme "Tamil Karkalam – Let Us Learn Tamil", shifting focus to linguistic learning and civilizational-cultural linkage between Tamil Nadu and Kashi, aligned with Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat (EBSB). Major initiatives include teaching Tamil in 50 Varanasi schools and Tamil learning tours for 300 UP students.More details
UPSC Angle: Kashi Tamil Sangamam 4.0 theme: 'Tamil Karkalam – Let Us Learn Tamil'.
Key Facts:
- Fourth edition of Kashi Tamil Sangamam begins on December 2, 2025.
- Theme: “Tamil Karkalam – Let Us Learn Tamil”.
- Teaching Tamil in 50 Varanasi schools.
- Tamil learning tours for 300 UP students.
- Sage Agastya Vehicle Expedition.
- Grand valedictory in Rameswaram.
- Route of Sage Agastya Vehicle Expedition: Tenkasi → Kashi (2–10 December 2025).
- Pilgrimage routes between Tamil Nadu and Kashi documented in Bhakti literature (Appar, Sambandar, Manikkavasagar).
- Implemented by Ministry of Education with IIT Madras & BHU as academic partners.
- Launched in 2022 during Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
- 2025-10-27 [Society & Culture] — Classical Language Status for Indian Languages
As of 2025, 11 Indian languages hold the status of Classical Language, with the Government of India conferring the status to Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali languages in 2024. Six Indian languages—Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia—were earlier accorded the status of classical languages between 2004 to 2024. All the Classical Languages are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.More details
UPSC Angle: 11 Indian languages have Classical Language status.
Key Facts:
- 11 Indian languages hold Classical Language status as of 2025
- Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali received the status in 2024
- Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia were declared classical languages between 2004-2024
- Classical Languages are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution
- Total Classical Languages: 11
- New languages added in 2024: Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali
- Earlier languages: Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia
- Eighth Schedule: All Classical Languages listed
- 2025-05-05 [Society & Culture] — TN CM to Announce Nationalisation of Books of Tamil Scholars
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin will announce the nationalisation of the literary works of five Tamil scholars and hand over royalty to their families at the valedictory of 'Tamil Week' in Chennai.More details
UPSC Angle: TN CM to nationalise books of Tamil scholars.
Key Facts:
- Chief Minister: M.K. Stalin (Tamil Nadu)
- Event: Valedictory of 'Tamil Week'
- Announcement: Nationalisation of literary works of five Tamil scholars
- Location: Chennai
- Date: May 5, 2025
- 2025-05-03 [History & Heritage] — ASI Documents New Inscriptions in Telangana
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has documented 11 new inscriptions in the Gundaram Reserve Forest near Peddapalli, Telangana. These inscriptions date from the 1st century BCE to the 6th century CE, providing insights into the Satavahana period and the early cultural-political landscape of the Deccan region. The inscriptions are in early Brahmi script and Prakrit language, with one mentioning a person from the Haritiputra lineage excavating a cave for Buddhist monks and another beginning with Shaivism-related symbols.More details
UPSC Angle: ASI documents new inscriptions in Telangana dating back to 1st century BCE.
Key Facts:
- 11 new inscriptions documented in Gundaram Reserve Forest, Telangana
- Inscriptions date from 1st century BCE to 6th century CE
- Inscriptions in early Brahmi script and Prakrit language
- References to Satavahana period and early Deccan cultural-political landscape
- Mention of Haritiputra lineage and Shaivism symbols
Institutional Promotion of Classical Indian Literary and Philosophical Heritage
Focus: These items focus on the modern-day commemoration, international validation, and systematic promotion of classical Indian Sanskrit texts and philosophical heritage.
UPSC Value: Studying these together illustrates the contemporary institutional focus on the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) and the global recognition of India's classical literary and philosophical contributions.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-28 [Society & Culture] — Shikshapatri Dwishatabdi Mahotsav
PM Modi addressed the Shikshapatri Dwishatabdi Mahotsav, marking 200 years of the Shikshapatri's promulgation. The Shikshapatri, authored by Bhagwan Swaminarayan in 1826, consists of 212 Sanskrit verses laying down moral, social, spiritual, and civic codes of conduct.More details
UPSC Angle: Shikshapatri Dwishatabdi Mahotsav: 200 years of Shikshapatri.
Key Facts:
- The Dwishatabdi Mahotsav marks 200 years of the Shikshapatri's promulgation.
- The Shikshapatri was authored by Bhagwan Swaminarayan in 1826.
- It consists of 212 concise Sanskrit verses.
- 2025-12-09 [History & Heritage] — India Celebrates 150th Anniversary of Vande Mataram
India is celebrating the 150th anniversary of its national song, Vande Mataram, composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and first featured in his 1882 novel Anandamath. Rabindranath Tagore's performance of the song at the 1896 Indian National Congress session amplified its national recognition. The song symbolizes the motherland's strength and divinity, providing a poetic voice to India's awakening national consciousness.More details
UPSC Angle: India celebrates 150th anniversary of Vande Mataram.
Key Facts:
- 150th anniversary of Vande Mataram
- Composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in Sanskrit
- First appeared in Anandamath in 1882
- First sung by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 Indian National Congress session
- 150 years of Vande Mataram
- Composed by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay around 1875
- Congress in 1937 officially adopted only the first two stanzas
- Vande Mataram composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- 2025-04-18 [Society & Culture] — Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra Added to UNESCO Memory of the World Register
On April 18, 2025, UNESCO included the Bhagavad Gita and the Natyashastra in its Memory of the World Register, recognizing India's contributions to spirituality, performing arts, and knowledge systems. This brings India's total entries to 14, with 2 joint entries, underscoring India's rich documentary heritage.More details
UPSC Angle: Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra added to UNESCO Memory of the World.
Key Facts:
- India total entries: 14
- Register: UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register
- Recent Additions: Ramcharitmanas, Panchatantra, Sahrdayāloka-Locana
- Committee: MOWCAP (Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific)
- UNESCO added the Bhagavad Gita and the Natyashastra to its Memory of the World Register on April 18, 2025.
- India's total entries now stand at 14, including 2 joint entries.
- Bhagavad Gita: 700 Sanskrit verses from the Bhishma Parva of the Mahabharata, discussing Dharma, Karma, Moksha, and Bhakti.
- Natyashastra: 2nd-century BCE Sanskrit text by Bharatamuni with 36,000 verses under Gāndharvaveda, covering Nāṭya, Abhinaya, Rasa, Bhāva, and Saṅgīta.
- 2025-03-20 [History & Heritage] — Dara Shikoh Birth Anniversary
March 20th marks the birth anniversary of Dara Shikoh, born in 1615, who strived to develop cordial relationships between people by finding commonalities between Hinduism and Islam. He translated 52 volumes of the Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian into a tome called Sirr-e-Akbar (The Greatest Secret).More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Dara Shikoh Birth Anniversary: March 20
- Year of Birth: 1615
- Important works: Majma-ul-Bahrain (Mingling of Two Oceans) and Sirr-i-Akbar (Great Mystery)
- Translation: Translated 52 volumes of the Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian
- 2025-03-14 [Schemes & Programs] — PM's Scheme for Mentoring Young Authors (PM-YUVA 3.0)
The PM's Scheme for Mentoring Young Authors (PM-YUVA 3.0), first launched in 2021, is now in its third edition (2025). Implemented by the National Book Trust (NBT), India, the scheme aims to promote creative leadership among youth, with selected writers receiving training from renowned authors. The scheme focuses on themes like the Indian Diaspora in Nation Building, Indian Knowledge System, and Makers of Modern India (1950-2025).More details
UPSC Angle: PM-YUVA 3.0 aims to promote creativity among young authors.
Key Facts:
- PM's Scheme for Mentoring Young Authors (PM-YUVA 3.0)
- First launched in 2021
- Third edition: 2025
- Ministry of Education
- National Book Trust (NBT), India
- Age Limit: Open to authors below 30 years
- Focus Areas: Indian Diaspora in Nation Building, Indian Knowledge System, Makers of Modern India (1950-2025)
Strategic Promotion of Indian Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy
Focus: A series of government-led initiatives and events in 2025 aimed at boosting India's diverse tourism sectors (rural, regional, and religious) while strengthening cultural ties with ASEAN and BIMSTEC nations.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the use of 'Soft Power' and 'Act East' policy through the intersection of tourism, cultural heritage, and regional diplomatic cooperation.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-13 [Society & Culture] — International Tourism Mart in Sikkim
The 13th edition of the International Tourism Mart (ITM) is being organized by the Ministry of Tourism in Gangtok, Sikkim, from November 13-16, 2025. Inaugurated by Union Minister of Tourism and Culture Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, the event aims to showcase the rich natural beauty, cultural diversity, and adventure tourism opportunities of India's North-Eastern region.More details
UPSC Angle: International Tourism Mart 2025 held in Gangtok, Sikkim.
Key Facts:
- Dates: November 13-16, 2025
- Location: Gangtok, Sikkim
- Organized by: Ministry of Tourism
- Inaugurated by: Union Minister Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
- 2025-08-28 [International Relations] — 5th ASEAN-India Youth Summit held in Goa
The 5th ASEAN-India Youth Summit, organized by the Ministry of External Affairs in collaboration with the India Foundation and ASEAN Foundation, took place in Goa from August 28-31, 2025, under the theme "Connecting the Youth: Shaping our Future”. Union Minister of State for External Affairs and Textiles, Shri Pabitra Margherita addressed the Inaugural Ceremony, highlighting the shared values between India and ASEAN and inviting young leaders to contribute towards fostering cooperation. More than 100 young leaders from diverse fields including politics, technology, academia, and media participated from India, ASEAN Member States, and Timor Leste. The summit marks 2025 as the ASEAN-India Year of Tourism.More details
UPSC Angle: 5th ASEAN-India Youth Summit held in Goa, August 28-31, 2025.
Key Facts:
- 5th ASEAN-India Youth Summit
- Goa
- August 28-31, 2025
- Theme: Connecting the Youth: Shaping our Future
- Organized by: Ministry of External Affairs, India Foundation, ASEAN Foundation
- Participants: Young leaders from India, ASEAN Member States, Timor Leste
- Over 100 participants
- 2025: ASEAN-India Year of Tourism
- Shri Pabitra Margherita: Union Minister of State for External Affairs and Textiles
- 2025-08-19 [Society & Culture] — Karikot Village Selected for ICRT Award 2025
Karikot village, located in the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh, has been selected for the Indian Subcontinental Responsible Tourism (ICRT) Award 2025 for its innovative and community-driven approach to rural tourism. The award is presented by the ICRT India Foundation and supported by the Ministry of Tourism.More details
UPSC Angle: Karikot village selected for ICRT Award 2025 for responsible tourism.
Key Facts:
- Village: Karikot, Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh
- Award: Indian Subcontinental Responsible Tourism (ICRT) Award 2025
- Presented by: ICRT India Foundation
- Supported by: Ministry of Tourism
- Award honors leaders in sustainable tourism, emphasizing the reduction of negative impacts and the enhancement of positive ones, and will be presented in New Delhi on 13th September 2025
- 2025-08-04 [Society & Culture] — BIMSTEC Traditional Music Festival Held in New Delhi
India hosted the first-ever BIMSTEC Traditional Music Festival at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, on August 4, 2025. The event, organized by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), featured traditional music performances by artists from all seven BIMSTEC countries and was themed 'SaptaSur: Seven Nations, One Melody'.More details
UPSC Angle: India hosted first BIMSTEC Traditional Music Festival in New Delhi.
Key Facts:
- First-ever BIMSTEC Traditional Music Festival held on August 4, 2025
- Organized by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)
- Theme: 'SaptaSur: Seven Nations, One Melody'
- 2025-06-10 [International Relations] — MEA organizes trip to Buddhist sites for ASEAN travel agencies
The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) organized a nine-day trip for 49 travel agencies from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam to visit prominent Buddhist sites in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar from June 2-10, 2025, as part of the Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) Plan of Action (2019-24). The initiative aims to foster cultural linkages between India and ASEAN countries.More details
UPSC Angle: MEA organizes trip to Buddhist sites for ASEAN travel agencies.
Key Facts:
- Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)
- Nine-day trip
- 49 participants
- Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam
- June 2-10, 2025
- Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) Plan of Action (2019-24)
- Uttar Pradesh
- Bihar
Buddhist Relic Diplomacy
Focus: India's strategic use of lending sacred Buddhist relics for expositions in partner nations to strengthen diplomatic and cultural ties.
UPSC Value: Illustrates India's 'Soft Power' strategy through cultural diplomacy and the 'Buddhist Circuit' initiative.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-06 [Society & Culture] — Devnimori Relics Exposition Inaugurated
The Exposition of the Holy Devnimori Relics was recently inaugurated at Gangaramaya Temple, marking a cultural and spiritual event in India–Sri Lanka Buddhist ties. Devnimori is a Buddhist archaeological site located near Shamlaji in the Aravalli district of Gujarat. Excavations revealed evidence of early Buddhist worship and monastic traditions, including a Sharira Stupa and Relic Caskets.More details
UPSC Angle: Devnimori relics exposition highlights India-Sri Lanka Buddhist ties.
Key Facts:
- Location: Devnimori, near Shamlaji, Aravalli district of Gujarat
- Discovery: First explored in 1957 by archaeologist Prof. S. N. Chowdhry
- Key findings: Sharira Stupa, Relic Caskets containing sacred ashes, a copper box, gold and silver foil
- Dated to 3rd–4th Century CE, post-Mauryan / early Gupta period
- 2025-10-11 [Society & Culture] — Buddha Relics to Russia
For the first time, the sacred relics of Buddha will be taken from India to Kalmykia Republic, Russia, for an exposition in Elista from October 11–18. The event, organized by the Ministry of Culture along with the International Buddhist Confederation, National Museum, and IGNCA, will feature a high-level Indian delegation led by UP Deputy CM Keshav Prasad Maurya.More details
UPSC Angle: Buddha Relics to Russia for exposition.
Key Facts:
- Sacred relics of Buddha to Kalmykia Republic, Russia
- Exposition in Elista: October 11–18
- Organized by: Ministry of Culture, International Buddhist Confederation, National Museum, IGNCA
- Indian delegation led by: UP Deputy CM Keshav Prasad Maurya
- 2025-06-26 [International Relations] — India & Vietnam Hold 13th Political Consultation
India and Vietnam held their 13th Political Consultation, reviewing progress under their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, guided by the Joint Vision (2020) and the 2024–2028 Plan of Action. Discussions covered defence, maritime security, trade, energy, technology, culture, and education. India appreciated Vietnam's support against terrorism, while Vietnam thanked India for organizing the exposition of Lord Buddha's Holy Relics, attended by over 14 million people.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Vietnam hold 13th Political Consultation.
Key Facts:
- Event: 13th Political Consultation between India and Vietnam
- Reviewed: Progress under the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
- Guiding Documents: Joint Vision (2020) and 2024–2028 Plan of Action
- Areas Discussed: Defence, maritime security, trade, energy, technology, culture, and education
- India appreciated: Vietnam's support against terrorism
- Vietnam thanked India for: Organizing the exposition of Lord Buddha's Holy Relics, attended by over 14 million people
- 2025-03-28 [International Relations] — India's Cultural Ties with Thailand
India and Thailand share warm bilateral relations with shared civilizational, cultural, and religious bonds. An exposition of relics of Buddha and his two main disciples was held in Thailand from February 25 to March 9, drawing approximately 4 million attendees.More details
UPSC Angle: India and Thailand share cultural and religious bonds.
Key Facts:
- India and Thailand share historical bonds
- Exposition of Buddha relics held in Thailand from February 25 to March 9
- Approximately 4 million people paid obeisance to the relics
India's Engagement with UNESCO Heritage Frameworks
Focus: Updates on India's active participation in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage and Memory of the World programs.
UPSC Value: Useful for tracking India's global cultural positioning and specific additions to UNESCO lists (Intangible, Memory of World, Tentative).
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-29 [History & Heritage] — Odisha Buddhist Sites on UNESCO Tentative List
UNESCO has reportedly included three Buddhist heritage sites from Odisha—Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, and Lalitgiri—in India's tentative list for potential recognition as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Known as the 'Diamond Triangle', these sites reflect the spread and evolution of Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Buddhism.More details
UPSC Angle: Odisha Buddhist sites added to UNESCO's tentative list for World Heritage status.
Key Facts:
- Ratnagiri, Udayagiri, and Lalitgiri (Odisha) included in India's tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- Sites known as 'Diamond Triangle'
- Reflect the spread of Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Buddhism
- 2026-01-16 [Society & Culture] — UNESCO Adds Gita and Natyashastra to Memory of the World Register
UNESCO has included the Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra in its Memory of the World Register, recognizing India's documentary heritage and global impact. The inscription was announced at the 15th international advisory committee meeting in Paris, France.More details
UPSC Angle: UNESCO Adds Gita and Natyashastra to Memory of the World Register.
Key Facts:
- Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register
- Recognition of India's documentary heritage
- Decision made at the 15th international advisory committee meeting
- Meeting held in Paris, France
- UNESCO Memory of the World Programme safeguards documentary heritage
- 2025-12-07 [Society & Culture] — India to Host UNESCO Committee Session
India will host the 20th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Red Fort in New Delhi from December 8-13, 2025. The event will welcome over 1,000 delegates from more than 185 countries and aims to showcase India's diverse culture. India also intends to propose Diwali for inclusion in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list.More details
UPSC Angle: India hosting UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee session at Red Fort.
Key Facts:
- External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar
- Inaugural ceremony of UNESCO meet on safeguarding intangible cultural heritage
- Red Fort, Delhi
- December 7, 2025
- 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
- December 8-13
- Red Fort
- 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage
- December 8-13, 2025
- Red Fort, New Delhi
- Over 1,000 delegates
- More than 185 countries
- Diwali proposed for inclusion in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list
- 20th Session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
- December 8–13, 2025
- New Delhi
- First time India is hosting the ICH Committee session
- 20th anniversary of India's ratification of the 2003 UNESCO Convention
- S. Jaishankar attended the 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Red Fort, New Delhi.
- 2025-07-08 [Society & Culture] — India to host UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee session in 2025
India will host the 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in New Delhi from December 8-13, 2025. This session coincides with the 20th anniversary of India's ratification of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. India has 15 elements inscribed on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.More details
UPSC Angle: India to host UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee session in 2025.
Key Facts:
- India to host 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage from December 8 to 13, 2025
- Location: New Delhi
- India ratified the Convention in 2005
- India has 15 elements inscribed on the Representative List
Technology, Media, and Sustainable Infrastructure Observances
Focus: Observances highlighting the role of specific technologies, communication media, and sustainable infrastructure in global development.
UPSC Value: Highlights the intersection of technology (ICT, Energy, Transport) and international development goals.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-26 [Society & Culture] — International Day of Clean Energy
The International Day of Clean Energy is observed on January 26th.More details
UPSC Angle: International Day of Clean Energy is observed on January 26th.
Key Facts:
- International Day of Clean Energy is observed on January 26th
- 2025-11-21 [Society & Culture] — World Television Day 2025
World Television Day 2025 is observed on 21 November to recognize the impact of television in shaping decision-making, drawing global attention to conflicts, peace and security issues, and its role in highlighting major economic and social challenges. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) instituted World Television Day to acknowledge television as a powerful medium of communication.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- World Television Day 2025 observed on 21 November.
- Recognizes television's impact on decision-making and global awareness.
- Instituted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
- 2025-06-03 [Society & Culture] — World Bicycle Day
World Bicycle Day is celebrated annually on June 3 to promote cycling as a sustainable mode of transportation. The theme for 2025 is “Cycling for a Sustainable Future”.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The United Nations officially recognized World Bicycle Day in 2018.
- 2025-05-17 [Science & Technology] — World Telecommunication Day
World Telecommunication Day is celebrated on May 17th. The day highlights the importance of information communication technology. Internet is being presented as a fundamental right under a specific article.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- World Telecommunication Day: May 17th
- Information Communication Technology
- Internet as a Fundamental Right
Cultural Heritage and Temple Diplomacy
Focus: Visits by the Prime Minister to significant religious sites and commemorations of historical figures aimed at highlighting India's civilizational continuity and resilience.
UPSC Value: Highlights the intersection of soft power, cultural preservation, and political communication in contemporary governance.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-24 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi visits Sowmyanarayana Perumal Temple
PM Modi met priests from the Sowmyanarayana Perumal Temple in Thirukoshtiyur, Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu. The temple is one of the 108 Divya Desams, the most sacred Vaishnavite shrines dedicated to Lord Vishnu and holds a revered position in the history of Vaishnavism.More details
UPSC Angle: PM Modi visits Sowmyanarayana Perumal Temple.
Key Facts:
- Sowmyanarayana Perumal Temple
- Thirukoshtiyur
- Sivagangai district
- Tamil Nadu
- 108 Divya Desams
- Lord Vishnu
- 2026-01-05 [History & Heritage] — PM Modi Highlights Somnath Temple's Resilience
On January 5, 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi commemorated 1000 years since the first attack on the Somnath Temple (1026 AD). He emphasized the temple's enduring symbolism of faith, resilience, and India's civilizational continuity through an Op-Ed and public messages.More details
UPSC Angle: PM commemorates 1000 years since first attack on Somnath Temple.
Key Facts:
- PM Modi commemorated 1,000 years since the first attack on the Somnath Temple in 1026 AD.
- Date: January 5, 2026
- Event: 1000 years since the first attack on Somnath Temple (1026 AD)
- Focus: Temple's symbolism of faith, resilience, and India's civilizational continuity
- Communicated through: Op-Ed and public messages by PM Narendra Modi
- 2025-11-28 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi Calls for Self-Reliant India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, addressing devotees at Sri Krishna Matha in Udupi, urged citizens to adopt nine resolutions for a self-reliant India. He emphasized conserving water, supporting Swadeshi, uplifting the poor, promoting natural farming, using millets, practicing yoga, and visiting 25 heritage sites to strengthen cultural traditions.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi
- Sri Krishna Matha in Udupi
- nine resolutions for a self-reliant India
- conserving water
- supporting Swadeshi
- uplifting the poor
- promoting natural farming
- using millets
- practicing yoga
- visiting 25 heritage sites
- 2025-06-01 [Society & Culture] — PM Modi Participates in Ahilyabai Holkar's 300th Birth Anniversary
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the Mahila Sashaktikaran Mahasammelan in Bhopal on the 300th birth anniversary of Lokmata Devi Ahilyabai Holkar, releasing a commemorative postage stamp and a special coin worth Rs 300 featuring her portrait. He also honored a woman artist with the National Devi Ahilyabai Award.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Narendra Modi
- Ahilyabai Holkar
- Mahila Sashaktikaran Mahasammelan
- Bhopal
- National Devi Ahilyabai Award
- Rs 300 coin
Maritime Diplomacy and Cultural Heritage
Focus: Diplomatic visits and cultural projects aimed at strengthening ties and historical awareness in the Indian Ocean Region.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates India's soft power strategy and strategic outreach to island nations like Seychelles to secure influence in the Indian Ocean.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-21 [Society & Culture] — Project Mausam: Reviving Maritime Ties
Project Mausam, launched in 2014 under the Ministry of Culture, aims to revive historic maritime and economic ties among 39 Indian Ocean rim countries. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) leads the project with research support from IGNCA and the National Museum. It documents cultural, commercial, and religious interactions of the Indian Ocean world using archaeological and historical research.More details
UPSC Angle: Project Mausam aims to revive maritime ties among Indian Ocean countries.
Key Facts:
- Launched in 2014 under the Ministry of Culture
- Aims to revive ties among 39 Indian Ocean rim countries
- ASI leads the project with support from IGNCA and the National Museum
- 2025-09-12 [Defense & Security] — Defence Minister Launches 'Samudra Pradakshina'
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually launched 'Samudra Pradakshina' on September 11, 2025. This initiative aims to promote awareness about India's maritime heritage and coastal security.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Minister launches 'Samudra Pradakshina' to promote maritime heritage.
Key Facts:
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
- Launched 'Samudra Pradakshina'
- Date: September 11, 2025
- 2025-09-04 [International Relations] — INS Tir, INS Shardul, and ICGS Sarathi Arrive in Seychelles
Indian Navy ships INS Tir, INS Shardul, and Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Sarathi, comprising the First Training Squadron (1TS), arrived in Seychelles. Seychelles, an archipelago of 115 islands, holds strategic importance for India due to its location along key maritime routes. The capital, Victoria, is situated on the island of Mahé.More details
UPSC Angle: INS Tir, INS Shardul, and ICGS Sarathi Arrive in Seychelles.
Key Facts:
- Ships: INS Tir, INS Shardul, ICGS Sarathi
- Squadron: First Training Squadron (1TS)
- Location: Seychelles, east of Kenya and northeast of Madagascar
- Number of islands in Seychelles: 115
- Capital of Seychelles: Victoria, on Mahé island
- 2025-03-12 [International Relations] — Indian Coast Guard Vessel Visit to Seychelles
Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Offshore Patrol Vessel Saksham made a port call at Port Victoria, Seychelles, for a three-day visit. The visit aimed to strengthen maritime cooperation and foster regional partnerships, including interactions, joint training exercises, and sporting events.More details
UPSC Angle: Indian Coast Guard Vessel Visit to Seychelles.
Key Facts:
- Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Offshore Patrol Vessel Saksham made a port call at Port Victoria, Seychelles on March 12, 2025
- Three-day visit
- Aim: strengthening maritime cooperation and fostering regional partnerships
- Included high-level calls on local dignitaries, joint training exercises, and sporting events
Institutional Promotion of Indian Cultural and Philosophical Heritage
Focus: High-level summits and conferences organized or supported by the Indian Ministry of Culture specifically to preserve and globally promote Indian philosophical traditions and literary heritage.
UPSC Value: This thread is significant for GS Paper I (Art and Culture) and GS Paper II (Government Policies), highlighting India's use of cultural diplomacy and soft power.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-22 [Society & Culture] — 2nd Global Buddhist Summit in New Delhi
The 2nd Global Buddhist Summit is being organised in New Delhi in January 2026 to promote Buddhist philosophy. The summit is organised by the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) in collaboration with the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The theme is “Collective Wisdom, United Voice, Mutual Coexistence”.More details
UPSC Angle: 2nd Global Buddhist Summit in New Delhi promotes Buddhist philosophy.
Key Facts:
- Summit Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
- Theme: “Collective Wisdom, United Voice, Mutual Coexistence”.
- 2025-09-12 [History & Heritage] — International Conference on Gyan Bharatam in New Delhi
The Ministry of Culture is holding an International Conference on Gyan Bharatam in New Delhi on September 12, 2025. The Gyan Bharatam Mission aims to preserve manuscripts and promote research, innovation, and data-driven opportunities for the youth, making our heritage a source of strength and power for the future.More details
UPSC Angle: Ministry of Culture holds International Conference on Gyan Bharatam.
Key Facts:
- International Conference on Gyan Bharatam in New Delhi on 12.09.2025.
- Gyan Bharatam Mission will preserve manuscripts and open new domains of research, innovation, and data-driven opportunities for the youth.
- 2025-07-30 [Society & Culture] — IGNCA to Host National Symposium on UNESCO Recognition of the Gita and Natyashastra
The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) will host a two-day National Symposium on July 30–31, 2025, in New Delhi to celebrate the inclusion of the Bhagavad Gita and the Natyashastra in the UNESCO Memory of the World International Register. The event, inaugurated by Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, will feature renowned scholars, cultural leaders, and heritage experts.More details
UPSC Angle: IGNCA hosts symposium on UNESCO recognition of Gita and Natyashastra.
Key Facts:
- IGNCA to Host National Symposium on UNESCO Recognition of the Gita and Natyashastra on July 30–31, 2025 in New Delhi.
- Inaugurated by Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
Lucknow's Tourism and Cultural Portfolio Expansion
Focus: Recent initiatives and recognitions aimed at establishing Lucknow as a global cultural and ecological tourism hub.
UPSC Value: Illustrates how tier-2 cities are leveraging both heritage (UNESCO) and modern ecology (Night Safari) for urban development.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-06 [Environment & Ecology] — Lucknow to Get India's First Urban Night Safari
Lucknow will be the location of India's first urban night safari, to be located in the Kukrail forest area. The project will feature nocturnal safari routes with low-impact lighting, upgraded conservation hubs, and eco-friendly infrastructure. It will also offer guided educational programs.More details
UPSC Angle: Lucknow to get India's first urban night safari.
Key Facts:
- Location: Kukrail Forest Area, Lucknow
- Features: Nocturnal safari routes, upgraded conservation hubs, eco-friendly infrastructure
- Infrastructure: bamboo huts, nature walk trails, interpretation centres
- Educational Programs: night ecology walks, bird-watching, school outreach
- 2025-11-02 [Society & Culture] — Lucknow designated as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy
On World Cities Day, October 31, 2025, UNESCO designated Lucknow as a Creative City of Gastronomy, recognizing its rich culinary heritage, particularly Awadhi cuisine. This makes Lucknow the second Indian city after Hyderabad to receive this honor under the Gastronomy category of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN).More details
UPSC Angle: Lucknow designated as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy.
Key Facts:
- Lucknow designated as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy on October 31, 2025
- Recognized for its Awadhi cuisine
- Second Indian city after Hyderabad (2019) to receive this honor
- UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) launched in 2004
- Lucknow is known for Galouti Kebabs, Awadhi Biryani, Tokri Chaat, Malai Gilori, and Sheermal
- Known for culinary techniques like Dum Pukht (slow cooking)
- The nomination was submitted by the UP Directorate of Tourism and selected by the Ministry of Culture
- 2025-06-12 [Society & Culture] — Lucknow's Nomination to UNESCO Creative Cities Network
A proposal for Creative City Lucknow under the category of Gastronomy for Awadhi Cuisine has been submitted to the World Heritage Centre. The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) focuses on seven creative fields: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music. The UCCN was created in 2004 and recognizes culture and creativity as drivers of sustainable urban development.More details
UPSC Angle: Lucknow's nomination to UNESCO Creative Cities Network for Awadhi cuisine.
Key Facts:
- Lucknow has been nominated to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) under the Gastronomy category.
- UCCN was created in 2004.
- The network focuses on seven creative fields.
State Patronage and Diplomatic Use of Traditional Indian Art
Focus: Items highlighting the use of traditional Indian painting styles—such as Thanjavur, Madhubani, and Gond art—in official state functions, diplomatic gifts, and major religious installations.
UPSC Value: Understanding the role of traditional art forms as instruments of soft power, cultural diplomacy, and the preservation of heritage under state patronage.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-24 [Society & Culture] — Thanjavur Painting Transported to Ayodhya
The Department of Posts successfully transported a valuable Thanjavur-style painting of Shri Ram from Bengaluru to Ayodhya, showcasing the importance of this classical South Indian art. Thanjavur paintings, developed during the Nayaka and Maratha rule (16th–18th century) in Thanjavur, are known for their rich colors, surface relief work, and use of gold foil, primarily depicting Hindu deities.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Thanjavur painting of Shri Ram transported from Bengaluru to Ayodhya
- Developed during Nayaka and Maratha rule (16th–18th century) in Thanjavur
- Known for rich colors, surface relief work, and gold foil
- Primarily depicts Hindu deities
- The Department of Posts transported a Thanjavur-style painting from Bengaluru to Ayodhya.
- Thanjavur Painting developed during the Nayaka and Maratha rule (16th–18th century) in Thanjavur.
- 2025-06-30 [International Relations] — Madhubani Painting Gifted to Chinese Counterpart
India's Defence Minister gifted a Madhubani painting to his Chinese counterpart during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Defence Ministers' Meeting in Qingdao, China. Madhubani painting originated in the Madhubani district of Bihar's Mithila region and is known for geometrical patterns and two-dimensional imagery.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Madhubani painting gifted to Chinese counterpart
- Gifted during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Defence Ministers' Meeting in Qingdao, China
- Originated in the Madhubani district of Bihar's Mithila region
- Known for geometrical patterns and two-dimensional imagery
- 2025-05-27 [Society & Culture] — President Murmu Meets Madhubani and Gond Art Artists
Artists of Madhubani and Gond art met President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan under the Artists-in-Residence Programme – Kala Utsav. Madhubani art originates from the Mithila region of Bihar, known for intricate line drawings with bright colors. Gond art also met the President.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Event: Artists-in-Residence Programme – Kala Utsav
- Location: Rashtrapati Bhavan
- Madhubani art origin: Mithila region of Bihar
- Madhubani art characteristics: Intricate line drawings, bright colors, tribal motifs
Presidential Patronage of Indian Arts and Crafts
Focus: A series of events where the President inaugurated festivals and presented awards specifically dedicated to promoting Indian art, culture, and handicrafts.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the state's soft power push and support for the artisan economy through high-level recognition.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-08 [Society & Culture] — National Handicrafts Awards and Shilp Guru Awards 2023 and 2024
President Droupadi Murmu presented the National Handicrafts Awards and Shilp Guru Awards for 2023 and 2024 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, during National Handicrafts Week 2025 (December 8-14). The Ministry of Textiles organized the event, attended by Union Minister Giriraj Singh and Minister of State Pabitra Margherita. The National Handicrafts Awards, instituted in 1965, recognize outstanding artisans.More details
UPSC Angle: President presents National Handicrafts Awards and Shilp Guru Awards.
Key Facts:
- Awards: National Handicrafts Awards and Shilp Guru Awards
- Years: 2023 and 2024
- Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
- Event: National Handicrafts Week 2025 (December 8-14)
- Organized by: Ministry of Textiles (MoT)
- Awards Instituted in: 1965
- 2025-11-23 [Society & Culture] — President Murmu Inaugurates Indian Art Festival in Secunderabad
President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the second session of the Indian Art Festival in Secunderabad.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- President Murmu inaugurated Indian Art Festival's second session in Secunderabad
- 2025-11-21 [Society & Culture] — 2nd Bharatiya Kalamahotsav Inaugurated
The 2nd edition of the Bharatiya Kalamahotsav will be inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapathi Nilayam at Bollaram. The 10-day festival will showcase the traditions of Western India in Hyderabad, with the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Goa and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu participating in the art festival.More details
UPSC Angle: 2nd Bharatiya Kalamahotsav showcases traditions of Western India.
Key Facts:
- 2nd Bharatiya Kalamahotsav inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu.
- Location: Rashtrapathi Nilayam at Bollaram.
- Showcases traditions of Western India.
- States Participating: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
Religious and Cultural Observances
Focus: Updates regarding religious calendars, festivals, and the administrative management of pilgrimages.
UPSC Value: Useful for Art & Culture preparation and understanding the administrative framework for religious affairs.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-14 [Polity & Governance] — Government Hajj Scheme 2026: 2nd Installment
The Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony announced an update regarding the 2nd installment for pilgrims of the Government Hajj Scheme 2026.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Government Hajj Scheme
- 2026
- 2nd Installment
- 2025-10-04 [Society & Culture] — Weekly Panchang Highlights Cosmic Shifts and Festivals
The weekly Panchang for October 4-10, 2025, details cosmic shifts with Venus moving into Virgo, Mercury entering Swati Nakshatra, and the Sun entering Chitra. Significant festivals include Shani Trayodashi and Karwa Chauth, with married women fasting for their husbands' well-being.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- October 4-10, 2025
- Venus
- Uttara Phalguni
- Virgo
- Mercury
- Swati Nakshatra
- Sun
- Chitra
- Shani Trayodashi
- Karwa Chauth
- 2025-08-16 [Society & Culture] — Weekly Panchang: Krishna Janmashtami and Planetary Movements
The weekly Panchang for August 16-22, 2025, notes Shri Krishna Janmashtami on August 16, and key planetary movements including Saturn's transit to Uttara Bhadrapada on August 18, Venus entering Cancer on August 21, and Mercury entering Ashlesha Nakshatra on August 22.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- August 16-22, 2025
- Shri Krishna Janmashtami (August 16)
- Saturn transits Uttara Bhadrapada (August 18)
- Venus transits Cancer (August 21)
- Mercury transits Ashlesha Nakshatra (August 22)
State-Led Cultural and Literary Promotion
Focus: Government-led initiatives and institutional frameworks dedicated to the promotion, recognition, and global projection of India's cultural, linguistic, and literary heritage.
UPSC Value: This thread illustrates the integration of cultural heritage into India's broader governance and diplomatic strategy, relevant for Art & Culture and International Relations (Soft Power).
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-14 [Sports & Awards] — Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 announced
The Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 was announced to honour outstanding writers of children's literature in 24 Indian languages. The award ceremony will be held on Children's Day (14 November 2025) at Triveni Auditorium, New Delhi.More details
UPSC Angle: Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 announced.
Key Facts:
- Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 announced
- Honours writers of children's literature in 24 Indian languages
- Award ceremony on 14 November 2025 at Triveni Auditorium, New Delhi
- 2025-11-05 [Society & Culture] — Pravasi Parichay 2025
The Embassy of India in Riyadh concluded the third edition of Pravasi Parichay 2025, an annual diaspora cultural festival showcasing India's artistic, linguistic, and philosophical traditions. The festival featured performances, exhibitions, and thematic events by the Indian community abroad, with this year's edition featuring a “Gita Mahotsav – A Musical”. Pravasi Parichay demonstrates India's use of cultural diplomacy and diaspora engagement as tools of soft power, aligning with moral philosophy and ethical governance.More details
UPSC Angle: Pravasi Parichay 2025: diaspora cultural festival in Riyadh.
Key Facts:
- Riyadh: Location of Pravasi Parichay 2025
- Annual diaspora cultural festival: Description of Pravasi Parichay
- Gita Mahotsav – A Musical: Theme of the third edition
- Embassy of India in Riyadh: Organizer of Pravasi Parichay
- 2025-03-13 [Society & Culture] — Global Engagement Scheme to Promote Indian Culture
The Global Engagement Scheme, initiated by the Ministry of Culture, aims to promote India's diverse cultural heritage on the global stage and foster international cultural collaborations.More details
UPSC Angle: Global Engagement Scheme to Promote Indian Culture.
Key Facts:
- Initiated by the Ministry of Culture
- Aims to promote India's diverse cultural heritage globally
- Fosters international cultural collaborations
Infrastructure for Pilgrimage Connectivity
Focus: Large-scale transport infrastructure projects—specifically ropeways and bridges—designed to improve accessibility and reduce travel time to major religious pilgrimage sites across India.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the strategic intersection of infrastructure development (Parvatmala Pariyojana) and the promotion of religious tourism as a driver for regional economic growth.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-17 [Schemes & Programs] — Adani Group to Construct Kedarnath Ropeway
The Adani Group is constructing a ₹4,081 crore ropeway from Sonprayag to Kedarnath Dham under the Parvatmala Pariyojana scheme to reduce the 9-hour trek to 36 minutes. This 12.9 km ropeway will carry 1,800 passengers per hour per direction, developed on a PPP model, to be completed in six years and operated for 29 years.More details
UPSC Angle: Adani to construct Kedarnath ropeway under Parvatmala Pariyojana.
Key Facts:
- Adani Group
- ₹4,081 crore
- Sonprayag to Kedarnath Dham
- Parvatmala Pariyojana
- 12.9 km ropeway
- 1,800 passengers per hour per direction
- PPP model
- 6 years completion
- 29 years operation
- 2025-08-14 [Geography] — Approval for Vaishnodevi Ropeway Project
Government approval for the Vaishnodevi ropeway project was granted on August 14, 2025, according to an order read out in the Assembly.More details
UPSC Angle: Approval for Vaishnodevi ropeway project granted.
Key Facts:
- Government approval granted for Vaishnodevi ropeway project on August 14, 2025
- 2025-07-17 [Geography] — Sigandur Bridge Inaugurated in Karnataka
Union Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurated the Sigandur bridge in the Shivamogga district of Karnataka on July 16, 2025; it is India's second-longest cable-stayed bridge, spanning 2.44 km across the Sharavathi backwaters and built at a cost of over ₹470 crore. The bridge connects Sagara town with Marakutika, providing better access to the Sigandur Chowdeshwari Temple and restoring road links lost after the Linganamakki dam was built.More details
UPSC Angle: Sigandur bridge inaugurated in Karnataka, India's second-longest cable-stayed bridge.
Key Facts:
- Sigandur bridge: India's second longest cable-stayed bridge
- Location: Shivamogga district, Karnataka
- Length: 2.44 km
- Cost: Over ₹470 crore
- Connects: Sagara town and Marakutika
- Crosses: Sharavathi backwaters
- Named after: Goddess Chowdeshwari Devi
- Sigandur bridge inaugurated on July 16, 2025.
- Located in Shivamogga district, Karnataka.
- Spans 2.44 km across Sharavathi backwaters.
- India's second longest cable-stayed bridge.
- Built at a cost of over ₹470 crore.
- Connects Sagara town with Marakutika.
India's Leadership in Global Conservation Frameworks
Focus: Recent developments highlighting India's active engagement with and recognition by international environmental bodies (UNESCO, IUCN, Global Summits).
UPSC Value: Demonstrates India's soft power and institutional role in global biodiversity governance and climate diplomacy.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-15 [Environment & Ecology] — Indian conservationist chairs IUCN Species Survival Commission
Indian conservationist Vivek Menon becomes the first Asian Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.More details
UPSC Angle: Vivek Menon becomes first Asian Chair of IUCN Species Survival Commission.
Key Facts:
- Vivek Menon
- Indian
- conservationist
- Asian Chair
- IUCN Species Survival Commission
- 2025-09-29 [Environment & Ecology] — India's Cold Desert Biosphere added to UNESCO list
India's Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in Himachal Pradesh was included in UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves. This designation, made during the 37th Session of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, marks India's 13th biosphere reserve in the global network. The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) was formed in 1971 and covers internationally designated protected areas that demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature.More details
UPSC Angle: India's Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve added to UNESCO list.
Key Facts:
- Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve: Himachal Pradesh
- UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves: Included on 2025-09-27
- India's Biosphere Reserves in global network: 13th
- 37th Session: UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme
- UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) formed: 1971
- WNBR sites: 785 sites in 142 countries
- New Biosphere Reserves added by UNESCO in 2025: 26
- Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) launched: 1971
- Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (Himachal Pradesh) included in UNESCO’s WNBR
- Area: 7,770 sq km
- Integrates: Pin Valley National Park, Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandratal Wetland
- Location: Trans-Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh
- Session: 37th ICC-MAB session
- 2025-05-17 [Environment & Ecology] — India's Five-Point Action Plan for Mountain Ecosystems
India's Union Environment Minister presented a five-point global action plan at the 1st Sagarmatha Sambaad in Nepal to protect fragile mountain ecosystems, particularly the Himalayas. The plan promotes climate-resilient and cooperative conservation of mountain ecosystems.More details
UPSC Angle: India's five-point action plan for mountain ecosystems presented at Sagarmatha Sambaad.
Key Facts:
- Strategic framework proposed by India to promote climate-resilient, inclusive, and cooperative conservation of mountain ecosystems
- Proposed by: India
- Focus: Climate-resilient, inclusive, and cooperative conservation of mountain ecosystems
- Emphasis: Himalayan region
- Components: Enhanced scientific cooperation, building climate resilience, empowering mountain communities
Historic Preservation: Policy, Practice, and Craft
Focus: Events focused specifically on the administrative, professional, and technical aspects of maintaining historic buildings and districts.
UPSC Value: Analyzing these together illustrates the ecosystem of preservation, connecting local government oversight with professional development and the cultivation of traditional trade skills.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-14 [Society & Culture] — Heritage Ohio Conference in Canton
Heritage Ohio hosted their 2025 Annual Preservation and Revitalization Conference in Canton, Ohio, from Oct. 14-16. The conference convened preservation professionals from across the Midwest, along with those working in Main Street Communities, for educational sessions on historic property development, retail recruitment, preservation best practices, historic tax credits, historic theaters, and so much more.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- October 14-16
- 2025
- Canton, Ohio
- Heritage Ohio
- Annual Preservation and Revitalization Conference
- 2025-10-14 [Society & Culture] — Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission Meeting
The Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission held a regular meeting on October 14, 2025, which included discussions about the Bennett McBride Healey House and the Healey Residential Historic District.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- October 14, 2025
- Minneapolis Heritage Preservation Commission
- Bennett McBride Healey House
- Healey Residential Historic District
- 2025-05-12 [Society & Culture] — Smithsonian Folklife Festival to Feature Youth Artisans
The Smithsonian Folklife Festival will feature youth artisans in traditional building trades from July 2–7. Mentors and apprentices from eight organizations will share their trades through demonstrations, interactive workshops, hands-on activities, and discussions. Admission is free, and hours are from 11 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. each day, with special evening concerts beginning at 5:30 p.m.More details
UPSC Angle: Smithsonian Folklife Festival to feature youth artisans.
Key Facts:
- Smithsonian Folklife Festival: July 2–7, 2025
- Mentors and apprentices from eight organizations will participate
- Festival hours: 11 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily
Buddhist Institutional and Cultural Management in Bihar
Focus: Developments concerning the administration, diplomatic significance, and social challenges of Buddhist religious and educational institutions in Bihar.
UPSC Value: Relevant for Art & Culture (Buddhism), Governance (Temple Acts), and India's soft power diplomacy through the Buddhist Circuit.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-09-05 [Society & Culture] — Royal Bhutan Buddhist Temple Inaugurated in Rajgir, Bihar
The Royal Bhutan Buddhist Temple was formally inaugurated in Rajgir, Bihar, by Bhutan PM Tshering Tobgay and India's Union Minister Kiren Rijiju, marking a key moment in India-Bhutan spiritual and cultural ties. The temple reflects shared heritage, promotes Buddhist tourism, and highlights Buddhism as a bridge in India's regional diplomacy, especially with Himalayan nations like Bhutan and Nepal.More details
UPSC Angle: Royal Bhutan Buddhist Temple inaugurated in Rajgir, Bihar.
Key Facts:
- Location: Rajgir, Bihar
- Inaugurated by: Bhutan PM Tshering Tobgay and India's Union Minister Kiren Rijiju
- Significance: Strengthens India-Bhutan spiritual and cultural ties
- 2025-05-23 [Polity & Governance] — Sachin Chaturvedi appointed VC of Nalanda University
Economist Sachin Chaturvedi has taken charge as the Vice-Chancellor of Nalanda University in Bihar. Nalanda University was established by the Parliament of India through the Nalanda University Act, 2010 and began functioning in 2014. The new campus is located near the ancient ruins of Nalanda in Rajgir, Bihar.More details
UPSC Angle: Sachin Chaturvedi appointed VC of Nalanda University.
Key Facts:
- Sachin Chaturvedi
- Vice-Chancellor
- Nalanda University
- Nalanda University Act, 2010
- Started functioning: 2014
- Rajgir, Bihar
- 2025-04-04 [Society & Culture] — Protests over Bodh Gaya Temple Act
Nearly 100 Buddhist monks under the All India Buddhist Forum (AIBF) have been protesting near the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya since February 2025, demanding the repeal of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act (BTA), 1949, because they claim that the Act unfairly places control of the sacred Buddhist site under a committee that has a Hindu majority. The Bihar government has received a memorandum from the monks and is yet to take any definitive action.More details
UPSC Angle: Protests over Bodh Gaya Temple Act.
Key Facts:
- Nearly 100 Buddhist monks under the All India Buddhist Forum (AIBF) have been protesting near the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya since February 2025.
- They are demanding the repeal of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act (BTA), 1949.
- The monks claim the Act places control of the site under a committee with a Hindu majority.
Integrated Development and Maintenance of Pilgrimage and Heritage Sites
Focus: Initiatives and policy frameworks focused on improving infrastructure, accessibility, and cleanliness at India's religious and cultural heritage sites.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-departmental approach (Tourism, PWD, and Central Schemes) to heritage conservation and the promotion of religious tourism through infrastructure and cleanliness drives.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-23 [Science & Technology] — Madhya Pradesh PWD Uses FDR Technique for Road Improvement
The Madhya Pradesh Public Works Department (PWD) is using the Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) technique to improve the road and address persistent pothole issues for visitors to the Bhojpur temple in Bhopal. FDR is similar to recycling roads as it grinds up the existing road material and mixes it with underlying soil. The stabilised base layer can endure wear and tear for a long period, providing a sustainable solution to the road’s upkeep.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Madhya Pradesh PWD using Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) technique
- Aims to address pothole issues on roads leading to Bhojpur temple in Bhopal
- FDR reuses existing road material by grinding it up and mixing it with underlying soil
- FDR is cost-effective and provides a durable solution
- Madhya Pradesh Public Works Department (PWD) is improving the road using Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) technique
- The road being improved leads to the Bhojpur temple in Bhopal
- FDR is a process similar to recycling roads, grinding up the existing road material and mixes it with underlying soil
- The stabilised base layer is durable for a long period
- FDR technique is cost-effective
- 2025-08-15 [History & Heritage] — Bhojpur Temple Cleanliness Drive
Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board organized a cleanliness drive at the tentative UNESCO World Heritage site Bhojpur Temple (Bhojeshwar Mahadev Temple). This initiative aimed to spread the message of national pride and environmental responsibility.More details
UPSC Angle: Bhojpur Temple cleanliness drive organized by MP Tourism Board.
Key Facts:
- Madhya Pradesh Tourism Board
- Cleanliness drive
- Bhojpur Temple (Bhojeshwar Mahadev Temple)
- Tentative UNESCO World Heritage site
- 2025-03-21 [Schemes & Programs] — PRASHAD Scheme for Pilgrimage Sites
The PRASHAD Scheme provides financial assistance to State Governments and Union Territories for infrastructure development. It aims to develop pilgrimage sites inclusively and sustainably, focusing on livelihoods, cleanliness, security, accessibility, and service delivery. 48 projects have been sanctioned across 27 States and Union Territories under the scheme.More details
UPSC Angle: PRASHAD Scheme develops pilgrimage sites inclusively and sustainably.
Key Facts:
- Provides financial assistance to State Governments and Union Territories for infrastructure development
- Aims to develop pilgrimage sites in an inclusive, integrated, and sustainable manner
- Focuses on livelihoods, skills, cleanliness, security, accessibility, and service delivery
- 48 projects have been sanctioned across 27 States and Union Territories
- Key initiatives include tourist facilitation centres, sound and light shows, multi-storied parking, ghats development, solid waste management, solar panels, and CCTV installations
Intellectual and Cultural Catalysts of Global Progress
Focus: The items explore how knowledge exchange, cultural gravitas, and the collective voice of the Global South serve as essential drivers for contemporary global advancement and national influence.
UPSC Value: Relevant for GS-2 (International Relations) and Essay papers focusing on the role of soft power and intellectual leadership in a multipolar world.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-23 [Society & Culture] — Amartya Sen Highlights Migration's Role in Global Progress
Nobel laureate Amartya Sen recently emphasized that migration has been a major source of global progress, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, culture, and values. Sen stressed the need for humane and inclusive policies, recognizing migration as an opportunity. He also highlighted the importance of safeguarding voting rights for migrants.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Migration is a major source of global progress, enabling exchange of knowledge, culture, and values
- Need for humane & inclusive policies recognizing migration as a right and opportunity
- Importance of safeguarding voting rights
- Need to strengthen social protection, including universal portability of PDS, health, education
- Need for legal protection for informal workers
- 2025-07-11 [Society & Culture] — Conference on Indian Knowledge Systems
The Vice-President of India stated at a Conference on Indian Knowledge Systems that 'India's rise as a global power needs to be accompanied by the rise of its intellectual and cultural gravitas'. Recommendations include strengthening academic autonomy, investing in cultural infrastructure and promoting Indic thought globally.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Vice-President of India
- Conference on Indian Knowledge Systems
- Strengthen Academic Autonomy
- Invest in Cultural Infrastructure
- Promote Indic Thought Globally
- 2025-07-04 [International Relations] — PM stresses Global South's importance
The Prime Minister emphasized that the voice of the Global South is crucial for the progress of the contemporary world. This aligns with GS-2 of the UPSC syllabus, which includes bilateral, regional, and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India's interests. Key aspects include the characteristics of the Global South and India's role within it.More details
UPSC Angle: PM's emphasis on Global South highlights India's foreign policy priorities.
Key Facts:
- PM's emphasis on the Global South's voice
- India and Global South relations
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