Integrated Infrastructure & Energy Transition (2025-26): UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy

In-Depth Analysis

The Big Picture

The 2025-2026 landscape marks a definitive shift from 'infrastructure creation' (laying foundations) to 'infrastructure optimization' (maximizing efficiency). The focus has pivoted from generic highway expansion to integrated multi-modal networks via PM GatiShakti and the National Logistics Policy (NLP), aiming to reduce systemic costs from ~13% to a targeted 9% of GDP. This era is characterized by a record capital expenditure of ₹12.2 lakh crore, driving a 10% annual growth in infrastructure-led demand while embedding energy efficiency (BIPV and ADEETIE) directly into the built environment.

Cross-Theme Insight

A 'Green Logistics' mandate now bridges transport and energy. The reduction of logistics costs is no longer a standalone economic goal; it is integrated with the Vehicle Scrappage Policy for fleet modernization, V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) technology for safety/congestion management, and renewable energy integration. For instance, the linking of ICEGATE with Land Ports illustrates that physical 'hard' connectivity is now being mirrored by 'digital' connectivity to eliminate the 13% logistics cost bottleneck that has historically hampered Indian exports.

Textbook vs Reality Gap

Standard textbooks (e.g., Vivek Singh, p. 443) cite India's logistics costs at 13-14% with a 2030 target for single digits; however, 2025 policy documents reflect an aggressive push to hit 9% by late 2025. Similarly, while older texts focus on centralized solar parks like Bhadla (NCERT), current initiatives like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (targeting 1 crore households) and Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) signal a shift toward decentralized, urban energy generation. Furthermore, the operationalization of the Energy Conservation Act through schemes like ADEETIE (2025) replaces the general conceptual focus of older environmental texts.

How This Theme Is Evolving

The theme has evolved from 'policy announcements' (NLP 2022, NIP 2019) to 'executive granularity.' We are seeing state-level implementation (Madhya Pradesh’s 6-lane greenfield corridors and e-Cabinet reforms) and project-specific approvals (Parvatmala Pariyojana ropeways) replace broad national targets. The trajectory is moving toward a highly automated, low-carbon, and multi-modal logistics grid powered by decentralized renewable energy.

UPSC Exam Intelligence

Previous Year Question Pattern

Analysis of recent exams shows that the National Logistics Policy (NLP) is a high-frequency theme (CAPF 2024, nid:17387; CAPF 2025, nid:9675), specifically focusing on launch years and core objectives. Energy transition has moved from general 'Star Labeling' (IAS 2016, nid:5624) to specific scheme mechanics like PM Surya Ghar (IAS 2025, nid:6309). Infrastructure financing through PPP/DBFOT remains a core interest, while international indices like the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) have become priority facts for NDA/CDS (NDA 2024, nid:17202).

Probable Prelims Angles

• Targeted logistics cost reduction to 9% of GDP by 2025-26.
• Administrative structure of the e-Cabinet system (as seen in MP and Tripura).
• Specifics of PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (e.g., 300 units free power, 1 crore house target).
• Functioning of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in urban planning.
• Parvatmala Pariyojana: Technical details of the Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib ropeway (length, model).
• ADEETIE (Assistance to Domestic Efficient Energy Technology and Industry) scheme objectives by BEE.

Preparation Strategy

Key Connections

Sub-Themes and News Coverage (16 themes, 73 news items)

Railway Track Capacity Augmentation Projects

Focus: Cabinet and CCEA approvals specifically for multi-tracking and doubling projects to decongest high-density railway corridors.

UPSC Value: Highlights the government's capital expenditure focus on removing infrastructure bottlenecks to improve freight and passenger throughput.

8 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-24 [Economy] — Cabinet Approves Railway, Metro, and Airport Projects
  The Union Cabinet has approved multiple infrastructure projects related to railways, urban transport, and aviation with a total financial outlay of ₹12,236 crore. The projects include the doubling of the Gondia-Jabalpur rail line, construction of additional lines in Bihar and Jharkhand, and development of a civil enclave at Srinagar International Airport.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves railway, metro, and airport projects worth ₹12,236 crore.

  Key Facts:

  • The Union Cabinet approved infrastructure projects worth ₹12,236 crore.
  • The projects include doubling the Gondia-Jabalpur rail line at a cost of ₹5,236 crore.
  • Construction of the 3rd and 4th rail line between Gamharia and Chandil with a project cost of ₹1,168 crore.
  • Development of the Civil Enclave at Srinagar International Airport at an estimated cost of ₹1,677 crore spread over 73 acres.
  • Extension of the existing North-South corridor from GIFT City to Shahpur of Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Limited.
  • Cabinet also approved the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for raw jute with a financial implication of ₹430 crore.
• 2026-02-14 [Economy] — Cabinet approves three multi-tracking railway projects
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved three railway projects: Kasara–Manmad 3rd and 4th line, Delhi–Ambala 3rd and 4th line, and Bellary–Hosapete 3rd and 4th line with a total cost of Rs 18,509 crore. The Delhi-Ambala project, spanning 194 km, would cost Rs 5,983 crore.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves three multi-tracking railway projects.

  Key Facts:

  • Three railway projects approved
  • Total cost: Rs 18,509 crore
  • Projects: Kasara–Manmad 3rd and 4th line, Delhi–Ambala 3rd and 4th line, and Bellary–Hosapete 3rd and 4th line
  • Delhi-Ambala project cost: Rs 5,983 crore
  • Delhi-Ambala project length: 194 km
• 2026-02-13 [Economy] — Railway Infrastructure Projects Approved Across Four States
  Indian Railways has approved infrastructure projects worth Rs 1,334 crore across Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal. These projects are aimed at improving connectivity and capacity.
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  UPSC Angle: Railway infrastructure projects approved across four states.

  Key Facts:

  • Rs 1,334 crore
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Rajasthan
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • West Bengal
• 2025-11-28 [Economy] — Cabinet Approves Rail Projects
  The Cabinet cleared two rail multitracking projects for Gujarat and Maharashtra. The projects, worth Rs 2,781 crore, are part of Indian Railways' push to improve connectivity on routes with high passenger footfall.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves rail projects for Gujarat and Maharashtra.

  Key Facts:

  • rail multitracking projects
  • Gujarat
  • Maharashtra
  • Rs 2,781 crore
• 2025-10-09 [Economy] — Approval of Railway Projects
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved 4 railway multi-tracking projects of the Ministry of Railways (MoR) with a total cost of Rs. 24,634 crore. The projects are: Addition of 3rd and 4th lines between Wardha–Bhusawal (Maharashtra), Construction of 4th line between Gondia–Dongargarh (Maharashtra & Chhattisgarh), Development of 3rd and 4th lines between Vadodara–Ratlam (Gujarat & MP), Establishment of 4th line on Itarsi–Bhopal–Bina corridor (MP). These projects cover 3633 villages.
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  UPSC Angle: CCEA approved railway multi-tracking projects worth Rs. 24,634 crore.

  Key Facts:

  • 4 railway multi-tracking projects approved by CCEA
  • Total cost: Rs. 24,634 crore
  • Projects cover Maharashtra, MP, Gujarat, and Chhattisgarh
  • 314 km between Wardha and Bhusawal
  • 84 km between Gondia and Dongargarh
  • 259 km between Vadodara-Ratlam
  • 84 km Itarsi-Bhopal
  • Connectivity: Covers 3633 villages
• 2025-06-13 [Economy] — Railway Doubling Projects Approved
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by PM Narendra Modi, approved two railway doubling projects worth Rs. 6,405 crore under the Ministry of Railways (MoR). The projects will add approximately 318 kilometres of track across seven districts in Jharkhand, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh and are expected to be completed within three years.
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  UPSC Angle: CCEA approved railway doubling projects worth Rs. 6,405 crore.

  Key Facts:

  • Railway Doubling Projects
  • Rs. 6,405 crore
  • Ministry of Railways (MoR)
  • 318 kilometres of track
  • Jharkhand
  • Karnataka
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Three-year completion period
• 2025-04-07 [Economy] — Indian Railways Multi-Tracking Projects Approved
  The Union Cabinet approved 4 multi-tracking projects for Indian Railways, aimed to enhance line capacity and improve both passenger and freight transportation across key routes. The total estimated cost of the project is Rs 18,658 crore and is expected to be completed up to 2030-31.
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  UPSC Angle: Union Cabinet approves 4 multi-tracking projects for Indian Railways.

  Key Facts:

  • 4 multi-tracking projects approved for Indian Railways
  • Total estimated cost: Rs 18,658 crore
  • Expected completion: up to 2030-31
  • Increase the existing IR's network by 1,247 kilometer (km)
• 2025-04-06 [Schemes & Programs] — Cabinet Approvals: VVP-II, Railways Projects
  The Union Cabinet approved the 2nd phase of the Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP-II) with a total budget of ₹6,839 crore for comprehensive development of villages along international land borders, excluding the northern border covered in VVP-I. Additionally, four multi-tracking projects for Indian Railways were approved to enhance line capacity and improve passenger and freight transportation across key routes with an estimated cost of ₹18,658 crore, expected to be completed by 2030-31.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves VVP-II for border village development.

  Key Facts:

  • Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP-II) total budget: ₹6,839 crore
  • VVP-II is a Central Sector Scheme (CSS) with 100% funding from GoI
  • Railways project cost: ₹18,658 crore
  • Railways project completion target: 2030-31
  • Railways projects cover 15 districts in Maharashtra, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh
  • Railways projects will increase the existing IR's network by 1,247 km

Union Cabinet Approvals for Strategic Connectivity Projects (2025-2026)

Focus: A series of specific infrastructure projects (Highways, Corridors, Ropeways) formally approved by the Union Cabinet or CCEA to enhance regional connectivity.

UPSC Value: Tracks the specific outcomes of the PM Gati Shakti initiative and the central government's capital expenditure focus on multi-modal connectivity across diverse regions.

8 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-16 [Infrastructure] — Cabinet Approves India's First Underwater Road-cum-Rail Tunnel
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved the construction of India's first underwater twin tube road-cum-rail tunnel project under the Brahmaputra river in Assam. The 33.7-km project, including a 15.8-km twin tube tunnel, will connect Gohpur on NH-15 and Numaligarh on NH-715, reducing the distance between the two cities from 240-km to 34-km. The project will be developed at an estimated cost of Rs 18,662 crore.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves India's first underwater road-cum-rail tunnel in Assam.

  Key Facts:

  • India's first underwater twin tube road-cum-rail tunnel under the Brahmaputra River has been approved.
  • The Brahmaputra River is ~2,900 km long.
  • It has one of the world's highest river discharges.
  • It cuts through the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, one of the deepest gorges globally.
  • Project cost: Rs 18,662 crore
  • Total length: 33.7 km
  • Tunnel length: 15.8 km (twin tube)
  • Connects Gohpur (NH-15) and Numaligarh (NH-715)
  • Reduces distance from 240 km to 34 km
  • Located under the Brahmaputra River in Assam
• 2026-01-01 [Economy] — Nashik Solapur Akkalkot Greenfield Corridor Approved
  The Union Cabinet has approved a new 6-lane greenfield access-controlled corridor connecting Nashik, Solapur, and Akkalkot in Maharashtra to improve travel efficiency, logistics, safety, and regional economic growth.
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  UPSC Angle: Nashik-Solapur-Akkalkot greenfield corridor approved for improved connectivity.

  Key Facts:

  • New 6-lane greenfield access-controlled corridor approved
  • Connecting Nashik, Solapur, and Akkalkot in Maharashtra
• 2025-12-31 [Polity & Governance] — Cabinet approves highways project in Odisha
  The Union Cabinet approved the widening and strengthening of NH-326 in Odisha, upgrading the existing two-lane stretch to a two-lane highway with a paved shoulder from 68.600 km to 311.700 km under the EPC mode. The total capital cost for the project is ₹1,526.21 crore, which includes a civil construction cost of ₹966.79 crore.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Project: Widening and strengthening of NH-326 in Odisha
  • Upgrading: Two-lane to two-lane with paved shoulder (68.600 km to 311.700 km)
  • Mode: EPC
  • Total capital cost: ₹1,526.21 crore
  • Civil construction cost: ₹966.79 crore
• 2025-09-25 [Economy] — Union Cabinet Approves Highway and Railway Projects in Bihar
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the construction of a 4-lane section of NH-139W in Bihar on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM) and the doubling of the Bakhtiyarpur – Rajgir – Tilaiya railway line. These projects aim to improve connectivity, promote tourism, and boost freight transport capacity.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approved highway and railway projects in Bihar.

  Key Facts:

  • A 4-lane Sahebganj-Areraj-Bettiah section of NH-139W in Bihar was approved, costing ₹3,822.31 crore.
  • The project spans 78.942 km and will improve connectivity between Patna and Bettiah.
  • The doubling of the Bakhtiyarpur – Rajgir – Tilaiya railway line (104 km) in Bihar was approved with an estimated cost of ₹2,192 crore.
  • This railway project will enhance connectivity across four districts and promote tourism to sites like Rajgir, Nalanda, and Pawapuri.
• 2025-08-19 [Economy] — Cabinet approves Bhubaneswar Bypass construction in Odisha
  The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the construction of a 6-lane access-controlled Capital Region Ring Road (Bhubaneswar Bypass) in Odisha on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM). The project aims to reduce congestion in Khordha, Bhubaneswar, and Cuttack, improve freight movement, and stimulate socio-economic growth in the region by connecting major National Highways and integrating with key economic, social, and logistics nodes.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves Bhubaneswar Bypass construction in Odisha on Hybrid Annuity Mode.

  Key Facts:

  • 6-Lane Access-Controlled Capital Region Ring Road (Bhubaneswar Bypass - 110.875 km) in Odisha
  • Approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
  • Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM)
  • Total capital cost: Rs.8307.74 crore
  • Connects Rameshwar to Tangi
  • Integrates with NH-55, NH-57, NH-655, and SH-65
  • Connects with 10 Economic Nodes, 04 Social Nodes, and 05 Logistic Nodes
  • Links to 1 Major Railway Station, 1 Airport, 1 proposed Multi-Modal Logistics Park (MMLP), and 2 major Ports
  • Expected to generate 74.43 Lakhs person-days of direct and 93.04 lakh person-days of indirect employment
• 2025-08-08 [Economy] — Cabinet approves TN highway project
  The Union Cabinet approved the construction of a four-lane highway from Marakkanam in Tamil Nadu to Puducherry, with a project cost of ₹157.18 crore. The project spans 46 km, will boost connectivity and facilitate visits to Puducherry.
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  UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves TN highway project from Marakkanam to Puducherry.

  Key Facts:

  • Construction of a four-lane highway from Marakkanam (Tamil Nadu) to Puducherry approved.
  • Project cost: ₹157.18 crore.
  • Project length: 46 km.
• 2025-04-30 [Economy] — Greenfield High-Speed Corridor Development
  The Union Cabinet has approved the construction of a 166.80 km greenfield high-speed corridor from Mawlyngkhung in Meghalaya to Panchgram in Assam, utilizing the hybrid annuity mode with a total investment of ₹22,864 crore. The project spans 144.80 km in Meghalaya and 22 km in Assam.
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  UPSC Angle: Greenfield high-speed corridor approved from Meghalaya to Assam.

  Key Facts:

  • 166.80 km greenfield high-speed corridor from Mawlyngkhung (Meghalaya) to Panchgram (Assam)
  • Cost: ₹22,864 crore
  • Hybrid annuity mode
  • Meghalaya: 144.80 km
  • Assam: 22 km
• 2025-03-06 [Geography] — Ropeway Project from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib Ji Approved
  The Government of India has approved a 12.4 km ropeway from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib Ji in Uttarakhand under the Parvatmala Pariyojana to improve all-weather connectivity and enhance tourism. The ₹2,730.13 crore project will be developed under the DBFOT model in a public-private partnership (PPP).
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  UPSC Angle: Ropeway project from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib Ji approved.

  Key Facts:

  • CCEA approved ropeway projects for Kedarnath and Hemkund Sahib.
  • 12.4 km ropeway from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib Ji approved.
  • Under Parvatmala Pariyojana.
  • ₹2,730.13 crore project.
  • DBFOT model in PPP.
  • 12.9 km ropeway from Sonprayag to Kedarnath approved.
  • ₹4,081.28 crore project.
  • PPP model using Tri-cable Detachable Gondola (3S) technology.

Madhya Pradesh Cabinet Decisions and Administrative Reforms (2025-2026)

Focus: A collection of specific policy approvals, infrastructure projects, and administrative reforms (including the e-Cabinet system) undertaken by the Madhya Pradesh state government.

UPSC Value: Studying these items together provides a comprehensive view of state-level governance priorities in Madhya Pradesh, ranging from infrastructure and wildlife management to administrative digitization.

7 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-06 [Polity & Governance] — MP CM Launches e-Cabinet System
  The Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh launched an e-Cabinet system in the State.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MP CM launches e-Cabinet system.

  Key Facts:

  • Madhya Pradesh
  • e-Cabinet system
• 2025-12-22 [Polity & Governance] — MP Cabinet approves projects including law university expansion
  The Madhya Pradesh Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Dr. Mohan Yadav, convened on December 22, 2025, approving the second phase of the Madhya Pradesh Dharmashastra National Law University in Jabalpur with an allocation of approximately ₹197 crore. Also, the cabinet approved the upgradation of Badwa Dhamnodar Marg to a four-lane road.
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  UPSC Angle: MP Cabinet approves expansion of Madhya Pradesh Dharmashastra National Law University.

  Key Facts:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh
  • Meeting Date: December 22, 2025
  • Chief Minister: Dr. Mohan Yadav
  • Project 1: Second phase of Madhya Pradesh Dharmashastra National Law University, Jabalpur
  • Allocation: Approximately ₹197 crore
  • Project 2: Upgradation of Badwa Dhamnodar Marg to four-lane road
  • Metro Area Expansion: Includes Raisen, Vidisha, Rajgarh, Sehore, and Narmadapuram
  • Area Details: 12 Nagar regions, 30 tehsils, 2524 villages, 12,99 square kilometers
  • Medical College Groundbreaking: December 23 (Dhar and Betul)
• 2025-09-08 [Schemes & Programs] — Madhya Pradesh Scheme for Cow Rearing and Dairy Development
  The Madhya Pradesh Cabinet has approved the Mukhyamantri Vrindavan Gram Yojana, selecting one village in each assembly constituency to promote cow rearing and dairy development. This aims to strengthen the self-employment-based economy.
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  UPSC Angle: MP's Mukhyamantri Vrindavan Gram Yojana for cow rearing.

  Key Facts:

  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Mukhyamantri Vrindavan Gram Yojana
  • cow rearing
  • dairy development
  • self-employment
• 2025-06-17 [Polity & Governance] — Madhya Pradesh Approves Public Service Promotion Rule, 2025
  The Council of Ministers of Madhya Pradesh has approved the Madhya Pradesh Public Service Promotion Rule, 2025.
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  UPSC Angle: Madhya Pradesh approves Public Service Promotion Rule, 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • Madhya Pradesh Public Service Promotion Rule, 2025
• 2025-05-27 [Polity & Governance] — MP Cabinet approves financial delegation and construction plans
  Madhya Pradesh Cabinet approved financial delegation and construction plans worth ₹3,867 crore.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Madhya Pradesh Cabinet approved financial delegation
  • Construction plans worth ₹3,867 crore were approved.
• 2025-05-13 [Environment & Ecology] — Madhya Pradesh Approves Plan for Wild Elephant Management
  The Madhya Pradesh cabinet approved a plan worth ₹47.11 crore for the management of wild elephants in the state, indicating efforts to address human-animal conflict and wildlife conservation.
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  UPSC Angle: Madhya Pradesh approves plan for wild elephant management.

  Key Facts:

  • Madhya Pradesh
  • ₹47.11 crore
  • wild elephants management
• 2025-03-23 [Economy] — Madhya Pradesh Approves Helicopter Service Operation via PPP
  The Council of Ministers in Madhya Pradesh has approved the operation of helicopter services through public-private partnership.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

State-Level Renewable Energy Implementations

Focus: Specific renewable energy projects and initiatives (Hydro, Wind, Solar) announced or commissioned by various state governments, distinct from national aggregate data.

UPSC Value: Highlights the cooperative federalism aspect of energy transition and specific technological interventions (Hydrokinetic, Wind farms) adopted by states like Tripura, Telangana, and Tamil Nadu.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-24 [Environment & Ecology] — Himalayan Climate Emergency and Green Energy Initiatives
  Himachal Pradesh is facing a climate emergency with cloudbursts and glacier retreat. The state government is committed to becoming the first green energy state in the country and is targeting 200 MW of solar power generation this year. A one-megawatt green hydrogen plant is being established at Nalagarh with Oil India Limited.
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  UPSC Angle: Himachal Pradesh aims to become first green energy state.

  Key Facts:

  • Himachal Pradesh aims to be the first green energy state.
  • Targeting 200 MW of solar power in the current year.
  • One-megawatt green hydrogen plant at Nalagarh in collaboration with Oil India Limited.
  • Induction of around 300 new e-buses into the HRTC fleet by April.
  • 40 percent subsidy for converting 38,000 taxis into e-vehicles.
• 2026-01-05 [Science & Technology] — Tripura to Generate Power Using Hydrokinetic Turbine Technology
  The Tripura government has identified 10 river sites to generate 185 MW of power using Hydrokinetic Turbine Technology, aiming to expand renewable energy sources. Hydrokinetic turbines harness the kinetic energy of flowing water and do not require large in-channel structures or significant potential head for power generation.
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  UPSC Angle: Tripura to generate power using Hydrokinetic Turbine Technology.

  Key Facts:

  • Tripura government identified 10 river sites
  • Power generation target: 185 MW
  • Technology: Hydrokinetic Turbine Technology
  • Hydrokinetic Turbines exploit the kinetic energy of flowing water
  • Do not require large in-channel structures like dams
  • Operate with practically zero potential head
• 2025-12-09 [Economy] — Tata Power Commissions Renewable Energy Project in Tamil Nadu
  Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited (TPREL) has commissioned a 198 MW group captive project in Karur, Tamil Nadu. The project comprises 55 wind turbine generators, each with a capacity of 3.6 MW. It is expected to generate 31 million units of clean electricity annually and offset 26,350 tons of CO₂ per year.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • 198 MW group captive project commissioned by TPREL in Karur, Tamil Nadu
  • 55 wind turbine generators of 3.6 MW each
  • 31 million units of clean electricity annually
  • Offsets 26,350 tons of CO₂ annually
  • TPREL's renewable utility capacity reaches 11.6 GW
• 2025-05-08 [Environment & Ecology] — Tripura's Rangacherra: First Green Village
  Tripura's Rangacherra became the first green village with solar energy and safe water access.
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  UPSC Angle: Tripura's Rangacherra: First green village with solar energy.

  Key Facts:

  • Rangacherra is the first green village with solar energy.
  • Rangacherra has safe water access.
• 2025-03-26 [International Relations] — Telangana, Himachal Pradesh MoU for Hydropower Projects
  Telangana and Himachal Pradesh signed an MoU on March 26, 2025, to develop 520 MW hydropower projects in the Lahaul-Spiti district, focusing on renewable energy collaboration.
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  UPSC Angle: Telangana, Himachal Pradesh MoU for hydropower projects.

  Key Facts:

  • Telangana
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • MoU signed on 26th March 2025
  • Develop 520 MW hydropower projects
  • Lahaul-Spiti district
  • Renewable energy collaboration

Decentralized Solar Energy Deployment and Incentives

Focus: Policy initiatives at both central and state levels focused on integrating solar technology into residential and urban building infrastructure through subsidies and innovative technologies like BIPV.

UPSC Value: Understanding the multi-level governance approach and technological diversification required to achieve India's renewable energy and carbon reduction targets.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-24 [Schemes & Programs] — PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana Reaches 30 Lakh Households
  The Union Minister announced that rooftop solar installations under the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana have crossed 30 lakh households since its launch in February 2024. The PM Surya Ghar scheme was launched in 2024 to accelerate rooftop solar penetration in the residential sector.
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  UPSC Angle: PM Surya Ghar Yojana: Rooftop solar installations reach 30 lakh households.

  Key Facts:

  • The scheme provides a subsidy of 60% of the solar unit cost for systems up to 2 kW capacity and 40 percent of additional system cost for systems between 2 to 3 kW capacity.
  • The subsidy has been capped at 3 kW capacity.
  • Another component of the scheme is the development of Model Solar Village in each district of the country.
• 2026-02-18 [Economy] — World Bank & Citi Partner on Rooftop Solar Refinancing in India
  The World Bank Group's MIGA has issued a USD 197.67 million guarantee to Citibank NA for a loan to the State Bank of India (SBI) to support ongoing rooftop solar system installations in India.
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  UPSC Angle: World Bank & Citi Partner on Rooftop Solar Refinancing in India.

  Key Facts:

  • World Bank Group
  • MIGA
  • USD-197.67-million
  • Citibank NA
  • State Bank of India (SBI)
• 2025-08-24 [Schemes & Programs] — Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Scheme
  The Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Scheme aims to control pollution and reduce the use of non-renewable resources by generating electricity using sunlight. It involves installing solar panels on rooftops of buildings. Phase II offers financial support up to 40% for roofs up to 3kW and 20% for 3-10kW capacity.
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  UPSC Angle: Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Scheme promotes renewable energy.

  Key Facts:

  • Goal: Produce 40,000 MW of total capacity by 2022
  • Central funding: Rs. 11,814 crore
  • Financial support: Up to 40% for roofs up to 3kW, 20% for 3-10kW
  • Involves distribution companies (DISCOMs)
• 2025-07-17 [Schemes & Programs] — Bihar Offers Free Electricity and Solar Panels
  Bihar CM Nitish Kumar announced free electricity for domestic users up to 125 units/month, effective August 1, 2025, benefiting 16.7 million families. Under the Kutir Jyoti scheme, the state will install solar panels for poor households, aiming for 10,000 MW solar capacity in 3 years. The move provides economic relief, promotes clean energy, and aligns with inclusive governance.
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  UPSC Angle: Bihar Offers Free Electricity and Solar Panels.

  Key Facts:

  • Bihar offers free electricity up to 125 units/month.
  • Effective August 1, 2025.
  • Benefits 16.7 million families.
  • Kutir Jyoti scheme: Solar panels for poor households.
  • Aims for 10,000 MW solar capacity in 3 years.
• 2025-06-04 [Science & Technology] — Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
  India is witnessing increased interest in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) with updates under the PM Surya Ghar Yojana highlighting its potential for clean energy in urban spaces. BIPV involves embedding solar panels directly into a building's envelope, such as facades, windows, and rooftops, transforming them into energy-generating structures. BIPV helps meet solar targets in densely built cities where land or rooftop space is limited.
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  UPSC Angle: Increased interest in Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in India.

  Key Facts:

  • Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) involves embedding solar panels into a building's envelope.
  • BIPV transforms buildings into energy-generating structures.
  • BIPV helps meet solar targets in densely built cities.
  • BIPV integrates solar panels into building envelopes
  • Facade generation: 150 kWp, Rooftop generation: 40 kWp
  • Potential: 309 GW via BIPV on existing building stock (World Bank)
  • Reduces carbon emissions, aligns with Paris Agreement targets

National Logistics Policy and Infrastructure Framework

Focus: Broad policy initiatives and budgetary allocations aimed at the overall logistics ecosystem rather than specific transport modes.

UPSC Value: Provides the macro-economic policy context (NLP, LEAPS, GatiShakti) driving specific sectoral reforms.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-05 [Economy] — Strengthening Capital Goods Sector
  The Union Budget 2026-27 has estimated ₹12.2 lakh crore for public capital expenditure, reinforcing infrastructure-led growth and supporting demand for capital goods across sectors. This reduces reliance on imports and improves industrial competitiveness.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Budget estimates ₹12.2 lakh crore for public capital expenditure.

  Key Facts:

  • Public capital expenditure proposed at ₹12.2 lakh crore in FY 2026–27
  • Aims to reduce reliance on imports and improve industrial competitiveness
  • Public capital expenditure is proposed at ₹12.2 lakh crore in FY 2026–27.
• 2026-01-04 [Economy] — Infrastructure Development in India
  The 2025-26 Union Budget allocated a record ₹11.21 lakh crore (3.1% of GDP) for capital investment, a 10.1% increase from the previous year. India has the 2nd-largest road network, with national highways spanning 1,46,145 km in 2024.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: ₹11.21 lakh crore allocated for capital investment in Union Budget.

  Key Facts:

  • Capital investment: ₹11.21 lakh crore (3.1% of GDP)
  • Increase from previous year: 10.1%
  • Road network: 2nd-largest
  • National highways: 1,46,145 km in 2024
  • Railway Electrification: 99.2% of Broad Gauge network electrified by 2025
  • India's aviation market rank: 3rd largest
  • Cargo handling under Sagarmala 2.0: Reached 1,630 MT
• 2025-10-14 [Schemes & Programs] — Logistics Excellence, Advancement, and Performance Shield (LEAPS) 2025 Launched
  The Union Minister for Commerce and Industry launched the Logistics Excellence, Advancement, and Performance Shield (LEAPS) 2025 in New Delhi during the 4th Anniversary of PM GatiShakti. LEAPS 2025 is a national benchmarking initiative designed to recognize excellence, innovation, and leadership across India’s logistics sector, enhancing its global competitiveness. The initiative aims to benchmark logistics performance, celebrate sectoral innovation, and align industry practices with the National Logistics Policy (2022) and PM GatiShakti’s vision.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Logistics Excellence, Advancement, and Performance Shield (LEAPS) 2025 launched.

  Key Facts:

  • Launched in: October 2025
  • Launched during the 4th Anniversary of PM GatiShakti celebrations in New Delhi
  • Published by: Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India
  • Aims to benchmark logistics performance, celebrate sectoral innovation, and align industry practices with the National Logistics Policy (2022) and PM GatiShakti’s vision of integrated, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure
• 2025-09-18 [Economy] — National Logistics Policy Enters Third Anniversary
  The National Logistics Policy (NLP) marked its third anniversary, aiming to reduce delays, enhance connectivity, lower costs, and create jobs; it is expected to generate 1 crore jobs by 2027. The policy promotes seamless flow of goods and services nationwide, with stronger supply chains and better connectivity.
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  UPSC Angle: National Logistics Policy Enters Third Anniversary.

  Key Facts:

  • Third Anniversary of the National Logistics Policy (NLP)
  • National Logistics Policy (NLP)
  • 1 crore jobs by 2027
  • stronger supply chains
  • better connectivity
  • lower costs
  • economic integration
• 2025-04-22 [Environment & Ecology] — India's Logistics Sector Emissions
  India's logistics sector contributes approximately 13.5% of the country's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with road transport accounting for over 88% of sectoral emissions. Trucks alone contribute around 38% of CO₂ emissions in the sector (IEA, 2023). The government aims to triple inland waterway traffic and increase coastal shipping by 1.2 times by 2030.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Logistics sector contributes 13.5% of India's GHG emissions.

  Key Facts:

  • Logistics sector contribution to India's GHG emissions: 13.5%
  • Road transport share of sectoral emissions: 88%
  • Trucks' contribution to CO₂ emissions in the sector: ~38% (IEA, 2023)
  • Target for inland waterway traffic: Triple by 2030
  • Target for coastal shipping increase: 1.2 times by 2030

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Initiatives

Focus: Schemes, awards, and regulations implemented specifically by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to reduce energy intensity.

UPSC Value: Understanding the specific policy interventions (ADEETIE, NECA, Cooling Plan) executed by the BEE is crucial for Energy Conservation Act questions.

5 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-03 [Polity & Governance] — Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was established in 2002 under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity in the Indian economy. BEE is the nodal agency for certifying Energy Managers and Energy Auditors.
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  UPSC Angle: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) reduces energy intensity.

  Key Facts:

  • BEE was established in 2002 under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.
  • Objective is to reduce energy intensity in the Indian economy.
  • BEE is under the Ministry of Power.
  • India, through BEE, is a member of the International Energy Efficiency Hub.
• 2025-12-15 [Schemes & Programs] — National Energy Conservation Awards 2025
  The President of India felicitated the winners of the National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025 on National Energy Conservation Day at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. These awards recognize industries, institutions, establishments, and innovators for outstanding achievements in energy efficiency and reduction of energy consumption while maintaining or improving productivity.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: President felicitates winners of National Energy Conservation Awards 2025.

  Key Facts:

  • Award: National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025
  • Recognizes: outstanding achievements in energy efficiency and reduction of energy consumption
  • Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
  • National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025
  • Winners felicitated by the President of India
  • On National Energy Conservation Day
  • At Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
  • Recognizes achievements in energy efficiency
  • Recognizes reduction of energy consumption
• 2025-09-26 [Environment & Ecology] — India Cooling Action Plan and Cooling Rights
  The government's proposal to regulate air conditioner efficiency has reignited debate on the Right to Cooling as a public health and climate justice imperative in India. India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP), 2019, aims to reduce cooling demand by 20–25% by 2037–38. India is committed to cutting HFC use by 85% by 2047 under the Kigali Amendment (2016).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Debate on the Right to Cooling as a public health imperative.

  Key Facts:

  • ICAP aims to reduce cooling demand by 20–25% by 2037–38
  • India committed to cutting HFC use by 85% by 2047
  • BEE regulations: Default AC setting at 24°C
  • Heat Action Plans (HAPs) adopted by 23 states
• 2025-09-18 [Schemes & Programs] — BEE Launches New Category in National Energy Conservation Awards
  The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) under the Ministry of Power has launched a new category in the National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025 for content creators and influencers. The contest invites 90-second original videos on themes like energy-saving at home, 5-star appliances, efficient lighting, and eco-friendly celebrations.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: BEE launches new category in National Energy Conservation Awards.

  Key Facts:

  • Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  • the Ministry of Power
  • launched a new category in the National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025 for content creators and influencers
  • invites 90-second original videos
• 2025-07-17 [Schemes & Programs] — Haryana Launches ADEETIE Scheme
  Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar launched the 'Assistance in Deploying Energy Efficient Technologies in Industries & Establishments (ADEETIE) scheme' in Haryana with a total budget of Rs. 1,000 crores. The scheme aims to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient technologies among Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The ADEETIE Portal and Scheme Brochure were also launched to facilitate financing for beneficiaries.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Haryana launches ADEETIE scheme for energy-efficient technologies.

  Key Facts:

  • ADEETIE: Assistance in Deploying Energy Efficient Technologies in Industries & Establishments
  • Budget: ₹1000 crore
  • Ministry: Power
  • Implementing agency: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
  • Covers 14 energy-intensive sectors
  • 5% interest subvention for Micro & Small Enterprises
  • 3% interest subvention for Medium Enterprises
  • ADEETIE scheme launched in Haryana.
  • Total budget: Rs. 1,000 crores.
  • Aims to promote energy-efficient technologies in MSMEs.
  • ADEETIE Portal and Scheme Brochure launched.

Public-Facing Initiatives at Rashtrapati Bhavan

Focus: The inauguration of specific facilities (galleries, libraries, gardens) and events within the President's Estate designed to foster public engagement.

UPSC Value: Highlights the evolving role of Rashtrapati Bhavan as a center for public heritage and inclusion (Divyangjan, youth, etc.) beyond its ceremonial function.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-01 [Society & Culture] — President Opens Amrit Udyan 2026 for Public
  President Droupadi Murmu opened the Amrit Udyan of Rashtrapati Bhavan for public viewing from February 3 to March 31, 2026. The Udyan will be open six days a week, excluding Mondays and March 4 (Holi), with free online booking. Special provisions are made for Defence Personnel, Senior Citizens, Women, Tribal Women's SHGs and Divyangjan on specific days.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: President opened Amrit Udyan 2026 for public viewing.

  Key Facts:

  • President Droupadi Murmu opened Amrit Udyan Winter Annuals Edition 2026
  • Open to public: February 3 to March 31, 2026
  • Open six days a week, closed Mondays and March 4 (Holi)
  • Timings: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. (last entry at 5.00 p.m.)
  • Free entry with online booking: https://visit.rashtrapatibhavan.gov.in/
  • Special categories:
  • March 3 – Defence Personnel
  • March 5 – Senior Citizens
  • March 10 – Women and Tribal Women's SHGs
  • March 13 – Divyangjan
  • No on-the-spot booking; online mode only
  • Entry/Exit: Gate No. 35 of the President's Estate
• 2026-01-24 [Society & Culture] — President Inaugurates Granth Kutir at Rashtrapati Bhavan
  President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated Granth Kutir, a library at Rashtrapati Bhavan, housing over 2,300 books and 50 manuscripts in 11 Indian classical languages. The library aims to highlight India's cultural and intellectual heritage, replacing colonial-era works.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: President inaugurates Granth Kutir at Rashtrapati Bhavan, housing classical language books.

  Key Facts:

  • Name: Granth Kutir
  • Location: Rashtrapati Bhavan
  • Collection: 2,300+ books and ~50 manuscripts
  • Languages: 11 Indian classical languages (Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Odia, Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese, and Bengali)
  • Objective: To highlight India's civilizational wisdom and shed colonial legacies
• 2025-12-18 [Society & Culture] — Inauguration of Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan
  President of India Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on Vijay Diwas.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Param Vir Dirgha inaugurated at Rashtrapati Bhavan on Vijay Diwas.

  Key Facts:

  • The Param Vir Dirgha was inaugurated at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi.
• 2025-03-24 [Society & Culture] — Purple Fest 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan
  President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated Purple Fest 2025 at Amrit Udyan in Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, celebrating the talents and achievements of persons with disabilities (PwDs). The first Purple Fest was organized in Panjim, Goa in January 2023 by the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in association with the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Purple Fest 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan celebrates PwDs.

  Key Facts:

  • Purple Fest 2025 inaugurated at Amrit Udyan, Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi
  • Celebrates talents and achievements of persons with disabilities (PwDs)
  • Organized by the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in association with the Rashtrapati Bhavan
  • First Purple Fest was organized in Panjim, Goa in January 2023

Modernization of Multi-modal Logistics Infrastructure

Focus: A series of initiatives aimed at digitizing, greening, and streamlining logistics across all four major transport modes: Air, Road, Sea, and Land Borders.

UPSC Value: Illustrates the holistic implementation of logistics reforms (aligned with the National Logistics Policy and PM Gati Shakti) covering air cargo, trucking, maritime corridors, and land ports.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-13 [Economy] — Integration of ICEGATE with Land Port Management System
  The integration of the Indian Customs Electronic Gateway (ICEGATE) with the Land Port Management System enables real-time, bidirectional exchange of critical customs data. This includes Bill of Entry, Shipping Bill, Out of Charge (OOC), and Let Export Order (LEO). The integration creates a seamless digital ecosystem at land ports, aiding in early risk assessment and identification of anomalies.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: ICEGATE integrated with Land Port Management System for customs data.

  Key Facts:

  • Integration focuses on critical customs data elements
  • Enables real-time, bidirectional exchange of data
  • Creates a seamless digital ecosystem at land ports
  • Helps in early risk assessment and identification of anomalies
• 2025-08-13 [International Relations] — India-Singapore Green & Digital Maritime Corridor
  India and Singapore are collaborating on a Green & Digital Maritime Corridor. This initiative faces challenges such as the high costs of adopting green technologies. It is linked to India's Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India-Singapore Green & Digital Maritime Corridor faces adoption cost challenges.

  Key Facts:

  • Related to Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047
• 2025-05-15 [Environment & Ecology] — Report on India's Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking
  Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood launched a report on India's Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking, highlighting 10 critical highway segments across India with the highest potential for the adoption of Zero-Emission Trucks (ZETs).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Report on India's Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking.

  Key Facts:

  • Report: India's Priority Corridors for Zero Emission Trucking
  • Launched by: Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood
  • Focus: Adoption of Zero-Emission Trucks (ZETs)
  • Highlights: 10 critical highway segments
• 2025-04-26 [Economy] — CBIC Introduces Trade Facilitative Measures
  The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) introduced trade facilitative measures for Air Cargo and Transhipment to enhance logistics efficiency and simplify customs procedures, aligning with the Union Budget 2025–26. CBIC, under the Ministry of Finance, administers customs, central excise, CGST, IGST, and narcotics, and manages customs at various ports and stations.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: CBIC introduces trade facilitative measures for Air Cargo and Transhipment.

  Key Facts:

  • Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC)
  • Trade facilitative measures for Air Cargo and Transhipment
  • Union Budget 2025–26

National Infrastructure Development and Integrated Planning

Focus: National-level infrastructure initiatives focused on multi-modal connectivity and the digital frameworks used for integrated planning.

UPSC Value: Highlights the strategic focus on multi-modal transport (highways, ropeways) and the use of GIS-based planning tools like PM GatiShakti for infrastructure efficiency.

4 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-17 [Polity & Governance] — PM inaugurates Seva Teerth and Kartavya Bhavan in New Delhi
  In February 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Seva Teerth and Kartavya Bhavan in New Delhi, modernizing India's central administrative infrastructure. Seva Teerth will house the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), symbolizing a shift towards service-oriented governance, while Kartavya Bhavan will accommodate key Union Ministries to improve coordination and administrative efficiency.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Modernization of central administrative infrastructure in New Delhi.

  Key Facts:

  • Seva Teerth: New complex to house the Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
  • Kartavya Bhavan: Accommodates key Union Ministries
  • PMO shifted from the historic South Block to Seva Teerth
  • Complexes are built as energy-efficient, eco-friendly structures with green building standards and modern safety features
  • Represents a transition from colonial-era administrative buildings to modern, India-centric governance spaces aligned with the vision of 'Viksit Bharat'
• 2025-10-14 [Economy] — PM GatiShakti portal opened to private sector
  The government has opened the PM GatiShakti portal to the private sector to improve distribution services and infrastructure planning. The portal provides regulated data access and tools for analysis, project design improvement, and decision-making in various sectors.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM GatiShakti portal opened to private sector.

  Key Facts:

  • PM GatiShakti Portal: Opened to private sector
  • Objective: To improve distribution services and infrastructure planning
  • Provides regulated data access and tools for analysis, project design improvement, and decision-making
• 2025-08-17 [Schemes & Programs] — PM Modi Launches Highway Projects in New Delhi
  On August 17, 2025, PM Modi inaugurated two major highway projects in New Delhi, including the Delhi section of the Dwarka Expressway and the Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II). The Dwarka Expressway project cost ₹5,300 crore for a 10.1-kilometer stretch, linking key locations. The UER-II project, costing ₹5,580 crore, is expected to ease traffic on Delhi's ring roads.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM Modi launches highway projects in New Delhi.

  Key Facts:

  • PM Modi
  • New Delhi
  • August 17, 2025
  • Dwarka Expressway
  • Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II)
  • ₹5,300 crore
  • 10.1-kilometer
  • ₹5,580 crore
  • Yashobhoomi
  • Blue and Orange lines of the Delhi Metro
  • Bijwasan railway station
  • Dwarka cluster bus depot
  • Alipur to Dichaon Kalan
  • Bahadurgarh
  • Sonipat
  • Narendra Modi
  • ₹11,000 crore
  • Rohini
  • PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the Delhi section of the Dwarka Expressway and Urban Extension Road-II (UER-II).
  • The projects were built at the cost of nearly ₹11,000 crore.
• 2025-03-12 [Schemes & Programs] — Parvatmala Pariyojana
  Parvatmala was announced in the 2022 Budget under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode. It is implemented by National Highway Logistics Management Limited (NHLML) under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). It aims to develop 250+ ropeway projects covering 1,200 km in five years.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Parvatmala Pariyojana: ropeway projects under PPP mode.

Road Transport & Safety Modernization

Focus: Technological and policy interventions to modernize road transport and improve safety standards.

UPSC Value: Shows the multi-pronged government approach (Scrappage, V2V, Bharat Taxi) to upgrading road mobility and reducing accidents.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-02-05 [Polity & Governance] — Vehicle Scrappage Policy & Road Safety Initiatives
  India is scaling up Vehicle Scrappage Policy, Automated Traffic Systems (ATS), cashless trauma care, and AI-based enforcement to reduce road fatalities. As of January 30, 2026, 129 Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs) are operational in 21 States/UTs, having scrapped 4,30,306 vehicles.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India scales up Vehicle Scrappage Policy to reduce road fatalities.

  Key Facts:

  • UN Decade of Action for Road Safety target: 50% reduction in road deaths by 2030
  • Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities (RVSFs): 129
  • States/UTs with RVSFs: 21
  • Vehicles Scrapped: 4,30,306
• 2026-01-11 [Science & Technology] — Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) Communication Technology Rollout by 2026 End
  The Indian government is preparing to roll out Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication technology by the end of 2026 to enhance road safety and reduce accidents. V2V technology enables vehicles to communicate directly with each other without needing a network, enhancing driver awareness. The system will function through a device similar to a SIM card installed in vehicles.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: V2V communication technology rollout by 2026 end for road safety.

  Key Facts:

  • V2V communication technology rollout by end of 2026
  • Aims to strengthen road safety and reduce accidents
  • Enables direct communication between vehicles
  • Functions through a SIM card-like device
• 2025-12-22 [Schemes & Programs] — Bharat Taxi Launched
  The government has launched Bharat Taxi, a cooperative-based mobility platform, to be implemented in Delhi from January 1, 2026, to benefit drivers and provide affordable fares. Approximately 56,000 drivers have already registered on the platform, which will be available on Android and iOS in multiple languages and will not have surge pricing.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Bharat Taxi launched as a cooperative-based mobility platform.

  Key Facts:

  • Bharat Taxi
  • January 1, 2026
  • Delhi
  • 56,000 drivers registered
  • Android
  • iOS
  • No surge pricing

Renewable Energy Capacity and Infrastructure Schemes

Focus: Government initiatives and regional targets aimed at expanding India's renewable energy capacity, particularly solar power.

UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the implementation of renewable energy targets and the specific schemes (PM-KUSUM, PLI) supporting the power sector.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-13 [Economy] — Vibrant Gujarat Regional Conference 2026
  The Vibrant Gujarat Regional Conference for Saurashtra-Kutch region was held on January 11-12 in Rajkot, focusing on renewable energy, sustainability, and Gujarat's target of 100 GW renewable energy capacity. This aligns with India's 'Panchamrit' commitments announced at COP26.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Vibrant Gujarat conference focuses on renewable energy.

  Key Facts:

  • Held on January 11-12 in Rajkot
  • Focused on renewable energy and sustainability
  • Gujarat's target of 100 GW renewable energy capacity
  • Aligned with India's 'Panchamrit' commitments at COP26
• 2025-10-30 [Schemes & Programs] — Government Schemes Driving Power Sector Growth
  Government schemes are driving power sector growth, including PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY) to expand decentralised solar capacity, PLI Scheme for Solar PV Modules targeting 39,600 MW of integrated domestic solar PV manufacturing capacity, PM-KUSUM Scheme promoting rural solar power, and the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) targeting 5 MMT annual green hydrogen capacity by 2030.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Government schemes driving power sector growth, including PM Surya Ghar Yojana.

  Key Facts:

  • PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY)
  • PLI Scheme for Solar PV Modules: Targets 39,600 MW
  • PM-KUSUM Scheme: Promotes rural solar power by developing 10,000 MW of grid-connected plants on farmers' land
  • National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM): Targets to create 5 MMT annual green hydrogen capacity by 2030
• 2025-10-09 [Schemes & Programs] — PM-KUSUM Scheme
  PM-KUSUM was launched in 2019 with the objective to provide energy and water security to farmers, enhance their income, de-dieselize the farm sector, and reduce environmental pollution. The scheme aims to add Solar capacity of about 34,800 MW by March 2026. The Nodal Ministry is the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM-KUSUM scheme aims to provide energy and water security to farmers.

  Key Facts:

  • PM-KUSUM launched in 2019
  • Objective: To provide energy and water security to farmers
  • Target: To add Solar capacity of about 34,800 MW by March 2026
  • Nodal Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
  • Aims to enable farmers to set up solar power generation capacity on their arid lands and to sell it to the grid
  • Components include decentralized ground-mounted grid-connected renewable power plants and installation of solar-powered agriculture pumps

Infrastructure Development Push in Madhya Pradesh

Focus: A cluster of state-specific infrastructure initiatives in Madhya Pradesh ranging from urban metro systems to rural road connectivity and religious tourism corridors.

UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing state-level development models that integrate urban mobility, rural access, and tourism-led growth.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2026-01-06 [Polity & Governance] — Madhya Pradesh Scaling New Heights of Development
  Madhya Pradesh is undergoing continuous development with several infrastructure projects underway. A six-lane greenfield road is under construction at a cost of ₹4,613 crore. Roads connecting to Mahakal temple will be built soon.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Greenfield Six-Lane : ₹4,613 crore
  • Four-lane road up to Sandalpur- crore rupees.
  • Eastern Bypass : ₹6,500 crore
• 2025-06-10 [Economy] — Madhya Pradesh approves road connectivity project
  On June 10, 2025, the Cabinet of Madhya Pradesh approved a project worth ₹21,630 crore to connect 20,600 remote settlements to main roads.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: MP road project connects 20,600 settlements for ₹21,630 crore.

  Key Facts:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh
  • Project cost: ₹21,630 crore
  • Objective: Connecting 20,600 remote settlements to main roads
• 2025-06-03 [Schemes & Programs] — PM Modi Inaugurates Development Projects in Madhya Pradesh
  PM Modi inaugurated the Super Priority Corridor (SPC) of Indore Metro, making Indore India's 16th city with metro rail. He also laid the foundation for 1,271 Atal Gram Seva Sadan (Panchayat Bhawan), with an outlay of Rs. 483 crore, to enhance rural infrastructure by 2028.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: PM inaugurates Indore Metro and Atal Gram Seva Sadan projects.

  Key Facts:

  • PM Modi released a commemorative postage stamp and a special Rs. 300 coin dedicated to Devi Ahilyabhai Holkar.

Multilevel Road Infrastructure Modernization and Funding

Focus: Specific road expansion and upgrade projects announced or funded in late 2025, spanning national, state, and municipal jurisdictions.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the fiscal commitment and multi-tiered administrative approach to infrastructure as a driver for economic growth and urban management.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-12-31 [Environment & Ecology] — Gurgaon Road Redevelopment Plan to Combat Pollution
  Gurgaon has a total road network of 2,429.9km as of Dec 31, 2025, and a new road dust control plan for 2026–27 has flagged nearly one in three roads in the city for redevelopment. Approximately 30% of Gurgaon's road network, over 700km, was flagged for upgrades, with an estimated outlay of Rs 1,971 crore. The proposal had been submitted by MCG to Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) and the Union environment ministry on Dec 30.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Gurgaon has a total road network of 2,429.9km as of Dec 31, 2025.
  • Over 700km of roads flagged for upgrades.
  • Estimated outlay of Rs 1,971 crore.
  • Proposal submitted by MCG to CAQM and the Union environment ministry on Dec 30.
• 2025-11-28 [Economy] — ADB Approves $400 Million for Maharashtra Road Upgrades
  The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a USD 400 million Results-Based Lending (RBL) program to upgrade roads under the Maharashtra Roads Connectivity for Inclusive Growth Program, aiming to link rural communities with markets and promote sustainable economic growth. The loan will support upgrading 350 km of state highways and 2,577 km of rural roads across 34 districts, focusing on climate-resilient and low-carbon designs.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: ADB Approves $400 Million for Maharashtra Road Upgrades.

  Key Facts:

  • Asian Development Bank (ADB)
  • USD 400 million
  • Results-Based Lending (RBL)
  • Maharashtra Roads Connectivity for Inclusive Growth Program
  • 350 km state highways
  • 2,577 km rural roads
  • 34 districts
• 2025-09-08 [Economy] — India's High-Speed Road Network Expansion Plan
  India has unveiled a ₹11 lakh crore ($125 billion) plan to expand its high-speed road network fivefold by 2033, aiming to slash logistics costs and modernize infrastructure.
  More details

  UPSC Angle: India's plan to expand high-speed road network by 2033.

  Key Facts:

  • ₹11 lakh crore ($125 billion) plan to expand high-speed road network.
  • Target to expand the road network fivefold by 2033.

Logistics Efficiency and Industrial Material Transport

Focus: Government initiatives and policy targets aimed at reducing national logistics costs through optimized transportation and utilization of industrial commodities like cement and fly ash.

UPSC Value: Demonstrates the inter-ministerial coordination (Railways, Road Transport, Power) required to achieve the National Logistics Policy goal of reducing logistics costs to 9% of GDP.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-11-22 [Economy] — Railways' New Bulk Cement Transport Policy
  Indian Railways has launched a new policy to promote bulk cement transport, introducing a uniform freight rate of ₹0.90/tonne/km to cut logistics costs and support affordable construction for consumers. This replaces earlier slab-based rates and aims to encourage a shift from bagged to bulk cement.
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  UPSC Angle: Railways' new policy promotes bulk cement transport with uniform freight rate.

  Key Facts:

  • Uniform freight rate
  • ₹0.90/tonne/km
  • Bulk cement transport
• 2025-08-26 [Environment & Ecology] — National Conference on Fly Ash Utilisation
  The Ministry of Railways and NTPC organized a National Conference on Fly Ash Utilisation and Transportation in Noida. In 2024-25, India generated 340 million tonnes of fly ash, out of which 332.63 million tonnes were successfully utilized. Utilisation share: 32% in road & flyover construction, 27% in the cement industry, and 14% in bricks & tiles manufacturing.
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  UPSC Angle: India generated 340 million tonnes of fly ash in 2024-25.

  Key Facts:

  • India generated 340 million tonnes of fly ash in 2024-25.
  • 332.63 million tonnes of fly ash were utilized.
  • Utilisation share: 32% in road & flyover construction, 27% in the cement industry, and 14% in bricks & tiles manufacturing.
• 2025-06-21 [Economy] — India to Cut Logistics Cost to 9% by Year-End
  The Union Road Transport and Highways Minister announced that India's logistics costs are expected to decrease to 9% by the end of the year. Logistics cost refers to the total expenditure incurred to move goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. The Economic Survey 2022-23 noted that logistics costs in India have been in the range of 14-18% of GDP against the global benchmark of 8%.
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  UPSC Angle: India to cut logistics cost to 9% by year-end.

  Key Facts:

  • India's logistics cost expected to come down to 9% by year-end.
  • Logistics costs previously ranged from 14-18% of GDP.
  • Logistics cost will come down to 9% by the Year-End

Public Infrastructure and Construction Policy

Focus: State and central government projects and policies aimed at developing physical infrastructure, including tribal connectivity, public buildings, and construction material regulation.

UPSC Value: Analyzing the role of infrastructure development and resource management in regional and socio-economic growth.

3 news items in this theme:

• 2025-09-16 [Polity & Governance] — PM Modi Inaugurates Projects in Manipur
  Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation for multiple development projects worth over Rs. 1,200 crores in Imphal, Manipur. This includes the Civil Secretariat (Rs 538 crores), New Manipur Police Headquarters (Rs. 101 crores), and the Information Technology (IT) Special Economic Zone (SEZ) (Rs. 114 crores).
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  UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant

  Key Facts:

  • Narendra Modi
  • Manipur
  • Imphal
  • ₹1,200 crores
  • Civil Secretariat (Rs 538 crores)
  • Manipur Police Headquarters (Rs. 101 crores)
  • IT SEZ (Rs. 114 crores)
• 2025-05-21 [Environment & Ecology] — Maharashtra Promotes Artificial Sand (M-Sand) in Construction
  The Maharashtra Cabinet approved a policy to promote artificial sand (M-Sand) in construction, making its use mandatory for government projects. The policy aims to reduce illegal sand mining and offers MSME status, subsidies, and royalty reductions to M-Sand producers.
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  UPSC Angle: Maharashtra promotes artificial sand (M-Sand) in construction.

  Key Facts:

  • M-Sand use mandatory for government projects in Maharashtra.
  • MSME status, subsidies, and royalty reductions offered to M-Sand producers.
• 2025-04-09 [Schemes & Programs] — PM-JANMAN Infrastructure Projects Sanctioned
  The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) sanctions infrastructure projects under the Connectivity component of the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN) for Tripura and Odisha to support the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
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  UPSC Angle: MoRD sanctions PM-JANMAN infrastructure projects for Tripura and Odisha.

  Key Facts:

  • Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN).
  • Beneficiary States: Tripura and Odisha.