Judicial Assertiveness and Institutional Timelines: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
ExamRobot — UPSC prep tools
ExploreIn-Depth Analysis
The Big Picture
The Indian Judiciary in 2024-25 has pivoted from merely interpreting laws to enforcing 'institutional discipline.' This is visible in the Supreme Court's (SC) refusal to accept 'constitutional silences' as an excuse for executive or gubernatorial inaction. The central conflict has shifted from 'Who has the power?' to 'By when must the power be exercised?' The SC is increasingly framing indefinite delays by Governors (Article 200) or trial courts as 'procedural violations' of the Constitution, thereby transforming administrative efficiency into a fundamental right under Article 21.
Cross-Theme Insight
The convergence of threads on 'Personal Liberty' (UAPA/PMLA bail), 'Gubernatorial Timelines,' and 'Judgment Delivery' reveals a new judicial doctrine: 'Managerial Constitutionalism.' Under this, the Court uses Article 141 and 142 to create mandatory procedural protocols—such as the requirement for High Courts to publish judgment delay data or the 'speedy trial' mandate as a ground for bail in special laws. This represents a transition from 'Judicial Activism' (substantive policy making) to 'Judicial Managerialism' (process enforcement and systemic auditing).
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard texts like Laxmikanth (Chapter 30: Governor) describe the Governor's power to 'withhold assent' under Article 200 as a discretionary power without a prescribed timeline. However, recent rulings (e.g., State of Punjab vs. Governor, 2023-24) establish that a Governor cannot sit on a bill indefinitely, and if they return it, they must do so 'as soon as possible.' Similarly, while D.D. Basu explains the 'reasonable restriction' on liberty, recent SC jurisprudence on PMLA (Section 45) suggests that 'trial delay' overrides the 'twin conditions' for bail, a significant shift not yet fully captured in static polity notes.
How This Theme Is Evolving
The theme has evolved from protecting 'Fundamental Rights' (1970s-90s) to 'Policy Intervention' (2000s) and now to 'Institutional Auditing' (2020s). In 2025-26, the focus is likely to shift toward the 'Constitutional Accountability of Speakers' (disqualification timelines) and the 'Financial Accountability of Welfare' (distinguishing freebies from rights).
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
UPSC has moved from general questions on 'Separation of Powers' (GS-2 2020) to specific institutional frictions. Recent patterns show a focus on Article 200 (Governor's options—CDS 2011/13), Article 21 (indefinite detention—CDS 2017), and the 'Basic Structure' (NJAC case—IAS 2019). The 2024-25 cycle highlights a shift toward 'procedural' questions: 'Under what circumstances can bail be granted despite restrictive clauses?' or 'Does the Governor’s discretion extend to legislative bypass?'
Probable Prelims Angles
- Article 200: Mandatory reservation of bills affecting High Court powers.
- Article 142: Scope of 'complete justice' in administrative delays.
- Section 45 of PMLA: The 'twin conditions' for bail and judicial exceptions.
- Article 163: Limits of Governor's discretion vs. Council of Ministers.
- Rulings on 'Bulldozer Justice' as a violation of the 'Due Process' clause.
Preparation Strategy
Key Connections
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (25 themes, 98 news items)
Constitutional Checks and Balances: Judiciary vs. Other Institutions
Focus: Instances of judicial review clarifying the powers, privileges, and accountability of the Legislature, Executive, Governors, Speakers, and statutory bodies.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the practical application of Separation of Powers and the judiciary's role in maintaining constitutional order (GS-2).
8 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-13 [Polity & Governance] — Simultaneous Polls Do Not Violate Constitution's Basic Structure
Former Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai stated that simultaneous elections do not violate the basic structure of the Constitution or its federal framework. He conveyed this opinion to the Parliament's Joint Committee reviewing the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024. The former CJI argued that the legislation only changes the manner of elections once, which does not breach the basic structure doctrine.More details
UPSC Angle: Simultaneous elections do not violate the Constitution's basic structure.
Key Facts:
- Former CJI: B.R. Gavai
- Bill reviewed: Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024
- 2025-11-29 [Polity & Governance] — Delhi High Court Quashes Lokpal Proceedings Against Defence Secretary
The Delhi High Court recently quashed the Lokpal of India's proceedings against Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh and other officials in a case alleging irregularities in promotions at the National Productivity Council (NPC).More details
UPSC Angle: Delhi HC quashes Lokpal proceedings against Defence Secretary.
Key Facts:
- Case: Irregularities in promotions at the National Productivity Council (NPC)
- Defendant: Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Authority: Lokpal of India
- Court: Delhi High Court
- 2025-11-26 [Polity & Governance] — Tamil Nadu DGP Appointment Controversy
The Supreme Court has expressed its disapproval of the Tamil Nadu government's lack of clear response regarding the installation of CCTV cameras in CBI, ED, and NIA offices. The state government appointed an in-charge DGP, which is against Supreme Court guidelines in the Prakash Singh case of 2006.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Issue: Appointment of in-charge DGP vs. Supreme Court guidelines
- Supreme Court case: Prakash Singh case (2006)
- Accusation: Tamil Nadu accuses UPSC and Centre of ignoring the state's views
- 2025-08-01 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Urges Reconsideration of Anti-Defection Law
The Supreme Court urged Parliament to reconsider its reliance on Assembly Speakers to handle disqualification cases under the anti-defection law. The court highlighted intentional delays by Speakers, making a mockery of the Tenth Schedule.More details
UPSC Angle: SC urges reconsideration of anti-defection law and Speaker's role.
Key Facts:
- Anti-defection law (Tenth Schedule of the Constitution) was inserted by the 52nd Amendment in 1985.
- A Haryana MLA Gaya Lal changed his party thrice within the same day in 1967 which led to the popular phrase Aaya Ram Gaya Ram.
- Telangana Speaker issued notices only after the matter was brought to the Supreme Court in January 2025, despite a seven-month delay.
- 2025-07-20 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court to Hear Presidential Reference on Governors' Powers
A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai, will address a Presidential Reference on July 22. The reference seeks clarity on whether the court can set timelines for Governors and the President in handling State Bills. The President's query follows a Tamil Nadu government petition challenging the Governor's delay in clearing bills.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court to hear Presidential Reference on Governors' Powers.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- Presidential reference
- July 22
- President Droupadi Murmu sought the Supreme Court's advisory opinion on 14 legal questions
- Filed under Article 143 of the Constitution
- Five-judge Constitution bench headed by CJI Bhushan R Gavai
- Hearing on July 22
- To examine the legality of prescribing timelines for governors and the president to act on state bills
- Presidential Reference concerns all States
- Constitution Bench led by Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai
- President seeks clarity on timelines for Governors and President in dealing with State Bills
- Follows petition by Tamil Nadu government
- 2025-07-06 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Upholds Legislative Power
The Supreme Court disposed of a contempt petition in the Nandini Sundar & Ors. v. State of Chhattisgarh case, reinforcing the principle of separation of powers. The court stated that a law passed by a legislature cannot amount to contempt of court, setting boundaries for judicial intervention in legislative actions. The contempt petition alleged that a State law violated the SC’s previous judgment prohibiting the use of Special Police Officers (SPOs).More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court upholds legislative power, reinforcing separation of powers.
Key Facts:
- Case: Nandini Sundar & Ors. v. State of Chhattisgarh
- Issue: Contempt petition alleging violation of SC judgment by a State law
- Ruling: Law passed by legislature cannot amount to contempt of court
- 2025-07-04 [Polity & Governance] — Centre to seek support for Justice Varma's removal
The Central government is planning to gather support to initiate the removal of Justice Varma. This move is related to GS-2 of the UPSC syllabus, specifically concerning the Indian Constitution, its historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions, and basic structure. The removal process of High Court and Supreme Court judges is covered under Article 124 & 218 and the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.More details
UPSC Angle: Centre seeking support for Justice Varma's removal impacts judicial independence.
Key Facts:
- Centre planning to remove Justice Varma
- Removal process under Article 124 & 218
- Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968
- 2025-06-04 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Contempt of Court
The Supreme Court observed that any law passed by the Parliament or a State Legislature cannot be held to be an act of contempt of Court. Concerns remain over the vagueness of definitions, especially "scandalizing the court," and potential misuse to shield the judiciary from legitimate criticism. Similar laws have been abolished in some countries, like the UK.More details
UPSC Angle: Parliament's law cannot be held as contempt of court: SC.
Key Facts:
- Any law passed by Parliament or a State Legislature cannot be held to be an act of contempt of Court.
- Vagueness of definitions, especially "scandalizing the court," can be subjective.
- Similar laws have been abolished in some countries, like the UK.
- Chhattisgarh auxiliary armed police force act of 2011
Judicial Delineation of the Welfare State
Focus: Judicial rulings defining the scope of the State's constitutional obligations to provide public goods and welfare services versus fiscal, market, or political logic.
UPSC Value: Crucial for understanding the evolution of Article 21 and Directive Principles in balancing fiscal discipline with the 'Welfare State' model.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-21 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Criticizes Freebies Culture
The Supreme Court of India criticized the growing culture of offering excessive freebies by state governments, noting that such practices can hinder economic development by diverting funds from productive investments. The Court emphasized that states should distinguish between those who can afford services and those who cannot and should focus on creating employment opportunities instead of distributing universal freebies. The observations were made during a hearing on a plea by Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Corporation Ltd regarding free electricity schemes.More details
UPSC Angle: SC criticizes freebies culture for hindering economic development.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court stated that excessive freebies can hamper economic development because they divert funds from productive investments
- The Court noted that many states are revenue-deficit states but still offer free schemes, which increases fiscal stress
- The Court suggested that states should focus on creating employment opportunities instead of distributing universal freebies
- The Supreme Court criticized the growing freebies culture while hearing a plea by Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Corporation Ltd
- Excessive freebies can hamper economic development
- States should focus on creating employment opportunities
- 2026-01-22 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Freebies vs. Welfare Schemes
The Supreme Court has distinguished welfare schemes from freebies, stating that large-scale distribution of state money to individuals is different from investing in public welfare. The court noted that welfare schemes like free healthcare and education are a constitutional obligation under the Directive Principles of State Policy. This distinction is relevant to electoral promises, FRBM discipline, and public finance debates.More details
UPSC Angle: SC distinguishes welfare schemes from freebies.
- 2025-08-25 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on outsourcing of jobs
The Supreme Court stated that public institutions cannot use outsourcing to exploit employees by denying them regularisation or equal pay, citing financial constraints. The ruling emphasizes the government's role as a constitutional employer, not a market player.More details
UPSC Angle: SC on outsourcing: Cannot exploit employees by denying equal pay.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- outsourcing
- equal pay
- regularisation
- 2025-08-01 [Polity & Governance] — Right to Safe & Motorable Roads Integral to Life: SC
The Supreme Court stated that the right to safe and motorable roads is integral to citizens' dignity and safety, protected under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The Court held that the State has a primary duty to construct, develop, and maintain road infrastructure.More details
UPSC Angle: Right to safe roads integral to life under Article 21: SC.
Key Facts:
- Right to safe & motorable roads protected under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
- 2025-07-19 [Polity & Governance] — Bombay High Court Rules Free Food a Basic Right
The Bombay High Court has ruled that free food is a basic right for the people.More details
UPSC Angle: Bombay High Court rules free food a basic right.
- 2025-05-02 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Flags Concerns Over Free Ration Distribution
The Supreme Court of India has raised concerns over the free ration distribution system, questioning its long-term sustainability and impact on economic policies. It observed that while States procure food grains from the Centre and distribute them for free, the financial burden ultimately falls on taxpayers. It questioned whether India, in 2025, is still grappling with the same poverty levels as in 2011, when the last Census was conducted.More details
UPSC Angle: SC questions free ration's sustainability and economic impact.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court concerned about free ration distribution
- Questions if 2025 poverty levels are similar to 2011
- Financial burden falls on taxpayers
- Concern raised by: Supreme Court of India
- Concern over: Free ration distribution system
- Questioning: Its long-term sustainability and impact on economic policies
- Observation: States procure food grains from the Centre and distribute them for free, the financial burden ultimately falls on taxpayers
- Question: Whether India, in 2025, is still grappling with the same poverty levels as in 2011, when the last Census was conducted
Judicial Scrutiny of Expression-Related Litigation and Harassment
Focus: Items examining how the judiciary balances the protection of free speech against the misuse of legal mechanisms like SLAPP suits, defamation, and criminal FIRs.
UPSC Value: Relevant for understanding the evolving jurisprudence of Article 19(1)(a) and the judiciary's role in preventing the 'chilling effect' of legal harassment on public discourse.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-19 [Polity & Governance] — SC to Consider 'Racial Slur' as Hate Crime
The Supreme Court has asked the government to consider a plea to treat 'racial slur' as a hate crime. This reflects governance accountability and the rule of law, contributing to hate crime jurisprudence.More details
UPSC Angle: SC to Consider 'Racial Slur' as Hate Crime.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court asks government to consider treating 'racial slur' as hate crime.
- 2026-02-19 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Addresses Social Issues and Judicial Conduct
The Supreme Court addressed several social issues, including hate crimes and discrimination. The court asked the Attorney-General to consider recognizing 'racial slur' as a separate category of hate crime, following an attack on Anjel Chakma from Tripura in Uttarakhand. The SC also assigned Justice Aniruddha Bose (retd) to draw guidelines for judicial sensitivity in cases involving minors and sexual offences.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court Addresses Social Issues and Judicial Conduct.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court has asked the Attorney-General to consider the plea seeking recognition of 'racial slur' as a separate category of hate crime.
- Justice Aniruddha Bose (retd), Director of the National Judicial Academy, is assigned to draw guidelines for judicial sensitivity.
- The Supreme Court stayed an interim order of the Madras High Court which found the functioning of the Tamil Nadu Waqf Board prima facie illegal for not nominating two non-Muslims members.
- The Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 had amended Section 14 of the Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency and Development (UMEED) Act, 1995 to mandate that two of the total members in Waqf Boards be non-Muslim.
- 2025-09-24 [Polity & Governance] — Decriminalizing Slur to Stem Defamation Suits
A sitting judge suggested decriminalizing slurs to reduce defamation suits, noting the conversion of public interest litigation to "publicity interested litigation". The tendency to score political points has stretched legal tenets to absurd lengths.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Suggestion to decriminalize slurs.
- To reduce defamation suits.
- Concerns over misuse of public interest litigation.
- 2025-09-19 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Addresses SLAPP Suits
The Supreme Court has been worried about courts recognizing 'SLAPP' suits across jurisdictions, over a year before a civil court imposed an ex-parte injunction on journalists from publishing allegedly unverified material against Adani Enterprises. SLAPP lawsuits aim to intimidate and silence critics through prolonged litigation.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court addresses concerns about 'SLAPP' suits.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court had been worried about courts recognising 'SLAPP' suits across jurisdictions.
- Primary purpose of a SLAPP lawsuit: To intimidate and silence critics through prolonged litigation.
- Targets of SLAPPs: Journalists, NGOs, academics, and activists.
- 2025-04-29 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court addresses TN hate speech case
The Supreme Court refused to quash FIRs against two individuals in Tamil Nadu for "praising" Afzal Guru and criticizing judges.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court refused to quash FIRs in a Tamil Nadu hate speech case.
- The case involves two individuals accused of 'praising' Afzal Guru and criticizing judges.
- 2025-03-03 [Polity & Governance] — SC Allows Podcaster Ranveer Allahbadia to Resume Show with Decency Standards
The Supreme Court has permitted podcaster Ranveer Allahbadia to resume his podcast, “The Ranveer Show,” contingent upon maintaining morality and decency and ensuring the content is suitable for all ages. The court emphasized the need for a clear distinction between humor and perversity in online shows and social media.More details
UPSC Angle: SC permits podcast resumption with decency standards.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- Ranveer Allahbadia
- The Ranveer Show
- Allowed to resume podcast
- Maintaining morality and decency
- Suitable for all ages
- Distinction between humor and perversity
Legal and Judicial Measures Addressing National Security and Terrorism
Focus: Judicial and administrative actions involving court proceedings, detentions, and investigations related to terrorism, money laundering, and threats to national security.
UPSC Value: Understanding the application of special laws like the PMLA and NSA and the role of judicial oversight in matters of internal security.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-01 [Defense & Security] — Al Falah University Founder Sent to Judicial Custody
A Delhi court on Monday (December 1, 2025) sent Al Falah University founder Jawad Ahmed Siddiqui to 14-day judicial custody in a terror-linked money laundering case. Siddiqui had been sent to the Enforcement Directorate (ED) custody for 13 days on November 19.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Individual: Jawad Ahmed Siddiqui
- Affiliation: Al Falah University
- Custody: 14-day judicial custody
- Reason: Terror-linked money laundering case
- 2025-11-13 [Polity & Governance] — NAAC issues notice to Al Falah University over false accreditation claim
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has issued a show-cause notice to Al Falah University after the university displayed false certification on its website. The university is already under investigation following a blast near Delhi's Red Fort.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- National Assessment and Accreditation Council issued a show-cause notice to Al Falah University.
- Al Falah University is under scanner following the Delhi blast.
- 2025-10-14 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Adjourns Hearing on Sonam Wangchuk's Detention
The Supreme Court adjourned the hearing on a plea by Dr. Gitanjali J. Angmo, wife of climate activist Sonam Wangchuk, challenging his preventive detention under the National Security Act (NSA), 1980. The adjournment was made to October 15, 2025, following the September 24 violence in Leh.More details
UPSC Angle: SC adjourns hearing on Sonam Wangchuk's detention under NSA.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court adjourned hearing to October 15, 2025
- Plea filed by Dr. Gitanjali J. Angmo, wife of Sonam Wangchuk
- Challenging preventive detention under National Security Act (NSA), 1980
- Detention followed September 24 violence in Leh
- 2025-09-30 [Polity & Governance] — J&K High Court to consider Special Bench for forfeiture order challenge
On September 30, 2025, the Jammu and Kashmir High Court agreed to consider establishing a three-judge Bench to hear a petition challenging the forfeiture of 25 books in Jammu and Kashmir. The books were forfeited for allegedly propagating false narratives and secessionism and include works by A.G. Noorani and Arundhati Roy.More details
UPSC Angle: J&K High Court to consider Special Bench for forfeiture order challenge.
Key Facts:
- Jammu and Kashmir High Court
- Date: September 30, 2025
- Consider setting up a three-judge Bench
- Petition challenging the forfeiture of 25 books
- Reason for forfeiture: “propagating false narrative and secessionism”
- Forfeited books include works of A.G. Noorani and Arundhati Roy.
- 2025-04-28 [Defense & Security] — 26/11 Mumbai attack accused Tahawwur Rana produced in Delhi court
Tahawwur Hussain Rana, an accused in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, was presented before a Delhi court following the completion of his NIA remand. He was produced before Special NIA judge Chander Jit Singh after his 18-day NIA custody ended. Senior advocate Dayan Krishnan and special public prosecutor Narender Mann are expected to present arguments on behalf of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) in an in-camera hearing.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- 26/11 Mumbai attack accused Tahawwur Hussain Rana produced before Delhi court.
- Produced before Special NIA judge Chander Jit Singh.
- Senior advocate Dayan Krishnan and special public prosecutor Narender Mann to advance arguments for NIA.
Constitutional Adjudication and the Scope of Judicial Power
Focus: Items focusing on the Supreme Court's role in interpreting the Constitution, reviewing the validity of legislative amendments, and defining the limits of judicial and parliamentary authority.
UPSC Value: Crucial for understanding the 'Basic Structure' doctrine, the separation of powers, and the evolving nature of judicial review and activism in the Indian polity.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-07 [Polity & Governance] — Discussion on Section 53(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951
The petitioners in the Supreme Court case argue that Section 53(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and Rule 11 with Form 21 and 21 B of Code of Conduct of Election Rules should be declared unconstitutional. Section 53(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 states that if the number of candidates is equal to the number of seats, the returning officer will declare them duly elected without holding a poll.More details
UPSC Angle: Section 53(2) of Representation of the People Act, 1951 in SC.
Key Facts:
- Section 53(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and Rule 11 with Form 21 and 21 B of Code of Conduct of Election Rules should be declared unconstitutional.
- Section 53(2) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 states that if the number of candidates is equal to the number of seats, the returning officer will declare them duly elected without holding a poll.
- 2025-11-02 [Polity & Governance] — Minerva Mills vs Union of India
In Minerva Mills vs Union of India, the court struck down section 4 of 55 of the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, as it exceeded the amending power of Parliament, but upheld the remaining provisions of the Act.More details
UPSC Angle: Minerva Mills case struck down part of the 42nd Amendment.
Key Facts:
- Court struck down section 4 of 55 of the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
- Remaining provisions of the Act were upheld and considered valid.
- 2025-10-16 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on OBC quota in local body polls
The Supreme Court declined to interfere with a Telangana High Court order that had stayed two Government Orders enhancing the reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in municipalities and panchayats to 42%. The Court observed that it could not take a view inconsistent with Constitution Bench rulings that have fixed a 50% ceiling on total reservations in local body elections.More details
UPSC Angle: SC declines to interfere with HC order on OBC quota.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court declined to interfere with a Telangana High Court order that had stayed Government Orders enhancing the reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in municipalities and panchayats to 42%.
- A 50% ceiling on total reservations in local body elections has been fixed.
- 2025-09-03 [Polity & Governance] — RTE and Minority Schools
A two-judge SC bench held that the previous judgment in Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust vs. Union of India (2014) was doubtful. In this case, SC had held that minority educational institutions established under Article 30 (1) is exempt from the provision of Right of Children to free and compulsory education Act, 2009(RTE Act).More details
UPSC Angle: SC doubts Pramati case on RTE and minority schools.
Key Facts:
- Two judges SC bench
- Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust vs. Union of India (2014)
- Article 30 (1)
- Right of Children to free and compulsory education Act, 2009(RTE Act)
- 2025-04-19 [Polity & Governance] — InsightsIAS: Article 142 and Judicial Overreach Debate
The Supreme Court's invocation of Article 142 in the Tamil Nadu Bill controversy has reignited debates about judicial overreach and constitutional balance. Article 142 allows the Supreme Court to pass any decree or order necessary for doing complete justice in any case pending before it.More details
UPSC Angle: Article 142 allows SC to pass orders for complete justice.
Key Facts:
- Article: 142
- Issue: Judicial overreach and constitutional balance
- Context: Tamil Nadu Bill controversy
- Empowers: Supreme Court to pass orders for complete justice
Erosion and Defense of Constitutional Protections
Focus: Examination of specific instances where constitutional safeguards—such as freedom of expression, secularism, and judicial independence—are being challenged by state action or reaffirmed through legal discourse.
UPSC Value: Crucial for GS Paper II (Polity) regarding the Basic Structure doctrine, the role of the judiciary in protecting fundamental rights, and the balance of power between the executive and the constitution.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-07 [Polity & Governance] — The Argument on Choosing Between Candidates, Using NOTA, and Freedom of Expression
The Supreme Court is hearing arguments about the freedom of expression, stating that choosing between candidates and using NOTA falls under this right. The argument presented is that the right to vote is not a freedom of expression, but rather that the freedom of voting exists only when polling occurs, and if it does not, the fundamental right does not apply. Freedom of voting depends on the poll, and it only arises when a voter actually wants to cast a vote.More details
UPSC Angle: SC hears arguments about freedom of expression and NOTA.
Key Facts:
- Choosing between candidates and using NOTA falls under freedom of expression.
- Right to vote is not a freedom of expression.
- The freedom of voting exists only when polling occurs.
- 2025-08-20 [Polity & Governance] — The Hindu Editorial on Sedition Law Misuse
The Hindu's editorial highlights the misuse of police powers, particularly by the Assam Police under Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), to target journalists and suppress dissent. It argues that without judicial safeguards, these rebranded sedition laws endanger freedom of expression and undermine the democratic system.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Assam Police using Section 152 of BNS
- Targeting journalists
- Misuse of police powers
- Concerns over freedom of expression
- 2025-07-27 [Polity & Governance] — NLSIU report on Foreigners' Tribunals in Assam.
A report by the National Law School of India University (NLSIU) indicates that Foreigners' Tribunals in Assam are disregarding constitutional safeguards. The report calls for a rethinking of legal structures governing citizenship in India, especially with the possibility of a nationwide National Register of Citizens (NRC) update.More details
UPSC Angle: NLSIU report: Foreigners' Tribunals in Assam disregard constitutional safeguards.
Key Facts:
- Foreigners' Tribunals in Assam
- National Law School of India University (NLSIU)
- Disregard of constitutional safeguards
- National Register of Citizens (NRC)
- 2025-07-04 [Polity & Governance] — RSS calls for removing 'socialism' and 'secularism'
Leaders of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) have called for removing the words "socialism" and "secularism" from the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. These values are crucial for the functioning of Indian democracy and any attack on them is an attack on the core spirit of the Constitution.More details
UPSC Angle: RSS call to remove 'socialism' and 'secularism' sparks constitutional debate.
Key Facts:
- RSS demand to remove 'socialism' and 'secularism'
- Constitution embodies aspirations and ideals of freedom struggle
- 2025-04-21 [Polity & Governance] — Remarks Against Judiciary
The framers of the Constitution have ensured a balance of power among the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Remarks against the Supreme Court of India can be seen as lacking the maturity, the wisdom and the thoughtful understanding required and cast a shadow on the functioning of our democratic system.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The independence of the judiciary is supreme and a prerequisite for safeguarding the inalienable rights of citizens.
- The independence of the judiciary is fundamental to democracy in the country.
Judicial Safeguards Against Arbitrary Detention and the Regulation of Personal Liberty
Focus: Court rulings and interventions that define the legal limits of state-imposed confinement, including bail, preventive detention, and repatriation orders.
UPSC Value: This thread is essential for understanding the 'Procedure Established by Law' under Article 21 and the judiciary's role as a check on executive power within the criminal justice system.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-22 [Polity & Governance] — Limits of Custody Under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act
The Bombay High Court quashed a one-year detention order of an adult woman rescued during a police raid under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (PITA), emphasizing the importance of adhering to strict timelines to prevent prolonged or arbitrary confinement. Section 17 of the PITA allows temporary safe custody for a maximum of 10 days if immediate production before a magistrate is not possible, and interim custody can continue up to three weeks during the magisterial inquiry stage.More details
UPSC Angle: Bombay HC on limits of custody under Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act.
Key Facts:
- Initial custody under Section 17 of the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act is capped at 10 days.
- Interim custody during the magisterial inquiry can continue up to three weeks.
- 2025-07-02 [Polity & Governance] — Home Ministry defends deportation decision
The Union Home Ministry (MHA) appealed against a Jammu and Kashmir High Court order to repatriate a 62-year-old housewife who was deported to Pakistan after the Pahalgam terror attack. The MHA argued that the judiciary should not override the executive's decision to deport a foreign national.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Case: Jammu and Kashmir High Court order to repatriate a 62-year-old housewife deported to Pakistan.
- MHA's argument: Judiciary should not override the executive's decision on deportation.
- 2025-05-21 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Grants Interim Bail to Ashoka University Professor
The Supreme Court granted interim bail to Ashoka University associate professor Ali Khan Mahmudabad, who was arrested for his social media posts on Operation Sindoor. The court, however, refused to stay the FIRs registered against him and barred Mr. Mahmudabad from posting anything online regarding the matter. The top court directed the Haryana Police to form a special investigation team (SIT) of three IPS officers, not belonging to Haryana and including a woman officer, to investigate the terms used in his posts.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court grants interim bail to Ashoka University professor.
Key Facts:
- Ashoka University associate professor Ali Khan Mahmudabad granted interim bail
- Arrested for social media posts on Operation Sindoor
- Supreme Court refused to stay FIRs
- Mahmudabad barred from posting online regarding the matter
- Haryana Police directed to form a special investigation team (SIT) of three IPS officers, including a woman officer, not belonging to Haryana
- 2025-04-17 [Society & Culture] — Supreme Court Issues Warning on Child Trafficking
The Supreme Court of India has warned parents to be vigilant against child trafficking, highlighting the exploitation of children for sexual exploitation, forced labor, child marriage, and illegal adoptions. Between 2018 and 2022, over 10,000 cases of trafficking were reported, but only 1,031 convictions were secured. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh are among the top states with the highest number of trafficked children.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court warns against child trafficking.
Key Facts:
- Cases reported between 2018 and 2022: Over 10,000
- Convictions secured between 2018 and 2022: 1,031
- Top states with highest number of trafficked children: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh
- Court directives: parental vigilance, accountability of hospitals
- Action: bail of 13 accused cancelled, trial completion within six months
Judicial Oversight of Public Officials and Constitutional Authorities
Focus: Legal proceedings, court-mandated timelines, and judicial scrutiny concerning the conduct, accountability, and statutory duties of government ministers, civil servants, and constitutional heads.
UPSC Value: Crucial for understanding the legal framework of executive accountability, the role of judicial review in administrative delays, and the intersection of criminal law with public service.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-19 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court sets deadline for sanction to prosecute Vijay Shah
The Supreme Court gave the Madhya Pradesh government two weeks to decide on a request for sanction to prosecute State Minister Kunwar Vijay Shah, who is accused of making disparaging remarks against Army officer, Colonel Sofiya Qureshi.More details
UPSC Angle: SC sets deadline for sanction to prosecute State Minister Vijay Shah.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court gave Madhya Pradesh government two weeks to decide on sanction to prosecute Kunwar Vijay Shah
- Vijay Shah is accused of making disparaging remarks against Colonel Sofiya Qureshi
- 2025-04-16 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Extends Protection to Former IAS Probationer in Cheating Case
The Supreme Court extended the protection from arrest for former IAS probationer Puja Khedkar until April 21, who is accused of cheating and wrongly availing OBC and disability quota benefits in the civil services examination. The court had previously stated on March 18 that Ms. Khedkar could not avail separate attempts to clear the test as both an "able candidate" and a "disabled candidate".More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court extends protection in cheating case.
Key Facts:
- Puja Khedkar: Former IAS probationer.
- Accusation: Cheating and wrongly availing OBC and disability quota benefits.
- Protection from arrest extended until: April 21.
- Court's prior statement (March 18): Cannot avail separate attempts as both "able" and "disabled" candidate.
- 2025-04-13 [Polity & Governance] — MHA Likely to File Review Petition Against SC Verdict on Governor, President Role
The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is likely to file a review petition against the Supreme Court's April 8 judgement that allows judicial intervention if Governors withhold assent to legislative Bills for too long. The petition will also address the prescribed three-month timeline for the President to decide on Bills referred by the Governor, with the MHA preparing a petition against the judgement that lays down these definite timelines.More details
UPSC Angle: MHA likely to file review petition against SC verdict on Governor role.
Key Facts:
- Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
- Supreme Court's April 8 judgement
- Three-month timeline for President to decide on Bills referred by Governor
- 2025-04-01 [Polity & Governance] — Delhi Court Orders FIR Against Kapil Mishra
A Delhi court ordered an FIR against Delhi Cabinet Minister Kapil Mishra and others to investigate his alleged role in the 2020 Delhi riots. Additional chief judicial magistrate Vaibhav Chaurasia found a prima facie cognizable offense, requiring a probe.More details
UPSC Angle: Delhi Court Orders FIR Against Kapil Mishra.
Key Facts:
- Location: Delhi
- Person: Kapil Mishra
- Position: Delhi Cabinet Minister
- Issue: Alleged role in 2020 Delhi riots
- Court: Delhi court
- Magistrate: Vaibhav Chaurasia
- Order: FIR
Judicial Scrutiny of Administrative and Regulatory Directives
Focus: Items where Indian courts (Supreme Court or High Courts) evaluate, stay, or review the validity of specific administrative frameworks, executive orders, or certification guidelines.
UPSC Value: Highlights the judiciary's role in exercising checks and balances over executive actions and ensuring administrative policies align with constitutional rights.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-15 [Society & Culture] — Supreme Court to Hear Jana Nayagan Film Certification Appeal
The Supreme Court will hear an appeal by the production house of the Vijay-starrer Jana Nayagan against a stay order by the Madras High Court regarding the film's certification. This case involves issues related to film certification and freedom of expression.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- Jana Nayagan
- Film certification appeal
- Madras High Court
- Vijay-starrer
- 2025-10-28 [Polity & Governance] — Karnataka HC stays order needing prior permission for activities on govt premises
The Karnataka High Court has stayed the state government's directive mandating prior permission by private organizations for conducting activities on government premises. The order was issued by the Siddaramaiah-led Congress government.More details
UPSC Angle: Karnataka HC stays order needing prior permission on govt premises.
Key Facts:
- Karnataka High Court
- Prior permission
- Private organizations
- Government premises
- Siddaramaiah
- Congress government
- 2025-07-03 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Reviews OBC Certificate Rights for Children of Single Mothers
The Supreme Court is reviewing rules that currently only recognize paternal caste for OBC certification, after a single mother with OBC status challenged the guidelines. The petitioner argues that the Delhi Revenue Department's requirement of a father's OBC certificate violates Articles 14 and 21, impacting the child's rights to equality and personal liberty. A verdict in favor of the petitioner could reshape caste law and strengthen gender equality in India.More details
UPSC Angle: SC reviews OBC certificate rights for children of single mothers.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court reviewing OBC certificate rights
- Challenging rules that only recognize paternal caste
- Single mother with OBC status is the petitioner
- Delhi Revenue Department requires OBC certificate from the father
- Petitioner argues violation of Articles 14 and 21
- 2012 Supreme Court ruling in Rameshbhai Dabhai Naika vs. State of Gujarat held that caste from the father is a presumption, not an absolute rule
- 2025-03-23 [Polity & Governance] — Madras High Court Restrains NIRF Ranking Publication
The Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court restrained the Ministry of Education and the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) from publishing the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) for 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Madras HC restrains NIRF ranking publication for 2024-25.
Key Facts:
- Restraining Authority: Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court
- Entities Restrained: Ministry of Education and National Board of Accreditation (NBA)
- Framework: National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) for 2025
Judicial Adjudication on Land, Property, and Evictions
Focus: Supreme Court rulings addressing the legality of construction, land acquisition, evictions, and demolitions across various states.
UPSC Value: Examines the conflict between development/state authority and individual property rights or environmental restrictions.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-24 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Addresses Gurugram Court's Case Assignment Practice
The Supreme Court directed the Punjab and Haryana High Court to investigate a practice in a Gurugram court where a judge on leave had their cases decided by another judge, which is against the rules. The case involved an eviction order against the Anjali Foundation due to alleged non-payment of rent without notice.More details
UPSC Angle: SC directs HC to investigate irregular case assignment in Gurugram court.
Key Facts:
- Court: Supreme Court
- Directs scrutiny of: Gurugram court's case assignment practice
- Issue: Cases of judges on leave being decided by in-charge judges
- Rules Violated: Rules of Punjab and Haryana High Court
- Case: Eviction order against Anjali Foundation
- Allegation: Non-payment of rent without notice
- Eviction order date: November 24, 2025
- 2025-05-15 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court addresses construction of multi-storeyed buildings in forest land, Maharashtra
On May 15, 2025, the Supreme Court of India addressed matters regarding the construction of multi-storeyed buildings in forest land in Maharashtra, with Justice Sandeep Mehta slated to deliver a judgement on the matter.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court addresses construction of multi-storeyed buildings in forest land.
Key Facts:
- SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
- DAILY CAUSE LIST FOR DATED : 15-05-2025
- CHIEF JUSTICE'S COURT
- HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
- HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE AUGUSTINE GEORGE MASIH
- COURT NO. 4
- HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VIKRAM NATH
- HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJAY KAROL
- HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANDEEP MEHTA
- NOTE:- JUDGMENT BY : HONBLE MR. JUSTICE SANDEEP MEHTA
- SLP(Crl) No. 3450/2025
- HANSURA BAI AND ANR. Versus. THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND ANR.
- 2025-05-08 [Polity & Governance] — Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) Canal
The Supreme Court termed Punjab's de-notification of land acquired for the construction of the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) canal an act of “high-handedness”. The court reminded Punjab of its 2017 order to maintain status quo on canal-related land and property. The SYL canal was conceptualised for the effective allocation of water from the Ravi and Beas rivers.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court on Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) canal issue.
Key Facts:
- Project envisages a 214-km canal.
- 122 km to be constructed in Punjab.
- 92 km in Haryana.
- 2025-04-01 [Polity & Governance] — SC on UP Demolitions
The Supreme Court criticized the Uttar Pradesh government and Prayagraj Development Authority for the inhuman and illegal demolition of homes in Prayagraj. The court emphasized the rule of law and stated that residential structures cannot be demolished in a high-handed manner.More details
UPSC Angle: SC criticizes UP demolitions, emphasizing rule of law.
Key Facts:
- State: Uttar Pradesh
- Authority: Prayagraj Development Authority
- Issue: Demolition of homes
- Court: Supreme Court
- Justices: Abhay S. Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan
Judicial Review of Regulatory and Fiscal Actions
Focus: High Court and Supreme Court rulings that adjudicate the legality of government-issued notices, tax policies, and regulatory frameworks.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the judiciary's role in ensuring executive compliance with constitutional and statutory limits, relevant to the 'Judiciary' and 'Administrative Law' sections of the UPSC syllabus.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-04 [Economy] — Karnataka HC Quashes Income Tax Notices Against AXISCADES Subsidiary
The Karnataka High Court quashed all Income Tax Department notices against AXISCADES Aerospace & Technologies Private Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AXISCADES Technologies Limited, resolving tax litigation ongoing since July 2023. The court order was dated November 4, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Karnataka High Court quashed Income Tax Department notices against AXISCADES Aerospace & Technologies Private Limited.
- The court order was dated November 4, 2025.
- Tax litigation had been ongoing since July 2023.
- 2025-09-26 [Polity & Governance] — SC on VAT Exemption for Local Goods
The Supreme Court quashed a Rajasthan notification that exempted VAT on locally manufactured asbestos sheets and bricks, which disadvantaged goods imported from other states. The court held this violated Article 304(a) of the Constitution, which prohibits states from imposing discriminatory taxes on out-of-state goods.More details
UPSC Angle: SC quashed VAT exemption violating interstate trade freedom.
Key Facts:
- Rajasthan notification on VAT exemption quashed
- Violated Article 304(a) of the Constitution
- Prohibits discriminatory taxes on out-of-state goods
- 2025-09-25 [Polity & Governance] — Karnataka HC Upholds Content Takedown Orders
The Karnataka High Court dismissed a petition filed by X Corp challenging the Indian government's use of Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Sahyog Portal for content takedown orders. The court upheld the Union government’s Sahyog portal, dismissing X Corporation’s plea that termed it “extra-legal censorship.More details
UPSC Angle: Karnataka HC upheld content takedown orders.
Key Facts:
- The Karnataka High Court dismissed X Corp's petition challenging the government's content takedown orders.
- The challenge involved Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Sahyog Portal.
- Sahyog Portal: An online regulatory platform for issuing content takedown notices to internet intermediaries.
- 2025-03-20 [Economy] — Extortion case against businessman in solar project row quashed
Allahabad High Court quashed an extortion case against a businessman, Nikant Jain, which was based on a complaint by M/s SAEL Solar P6 Pvt. Ltd, related to setting up a solar manufacturing unit under the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy, 2022. The court noted that the complaint was based on a misunderstanding, and quashed the charge sheet filed on May 15 last year and the summons order issued on May 17.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Case: Extortion case quashed
- Accused: Nikant Jain
- Complainant: M/s SAEL Solar P6 Pvt. Ltd
- Related to: setting up a solar manufacturing unit
- Policy: Uttar Pradesh Industrial Investment and Employment Promotion Policy, 2022
- Complaint based on: misunderstanding
Judicial Accountability of Public Officials
Focus: Legal proceedings (FIRs, arrests, bail) involving government officials and ministers, highlighting judicial intervention in executive misconduct.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the role of the judiciary in enforcing accountability among public servants and elected representatives.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-09 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Informed of FIR Against Ajay Mishra in Lakhimpur Kheri Case
The Supreme Court was informed that an FIR has been registered against former Union Minister Ajay Mishra, his son Ashish Mishra, and two others for allegedly threatening a key witness in the Lakhimpur Kheri killings case. The incident on October 3, 2021, resulted in eight deaths, including four farmers during a protest against farm laws.More details
UPSC Angle: FIR against Ajay Mishra in Lakhimpur Kheri case informed to SC.
Key Facts:
- FIR registered against Ajay Mishra, Ashish Mishra, and two others
- Allegation: Threatening a key witness
- Case: Lakhimpur Kheri killings
- Date of incident: October 3, 2021
- Eight deaths, including four farmers
- 2025-06-18 [Polity & Governance] — Jharkhand Liquor Scam: Former Excise Commissioner Arrested
The Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) arrested Amit Prakash, the former Excise Commissioner, in connection with the Jharkhand liquor scam. This follows the detention of senior IAS officer Vinay Kumar Choubey in May in connection with the same case.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Amit Prakash
- Former Excise Commissioner
- Arrested in Jharkhand liquor scam
- Arrest by Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB)
- Vinay Kumar Choubey detained in May in same case
- 2025-05-21 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Grants Anticipatory Bail to Ex-IAS Probationer Puja Khedkar
The Supreme Court granted anticipatory bail to former IAS probationer Puja Khedkar, accused of cheating and wrongly availing OBC and disability quota benefits in the civil services examination. A Bench comprising Justices B.V. Nagarathna and Satish Chandra Sharma directed Ms. Khedkar to cooperate in the probe.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court grants anticipatory bail to ex-IAS probationer.
Key Facts:
- Puja Khedkar, former IAS probationer, granted anticipatory bail
- Accused of cheating and wrongly availing OBC and disability quota benefits
- Bench comprising Justices B.V. Nagarathna and Satish Chandra Sharma directed cooperation in the probe
- 2025-05-14 [Polity & Governance] — MP High Court Orders FIR Against Minister Vijay Shah
The Madhya Pradesh High Court directed the State Police to register an FIR against Cabinet Minister Vijay Shah for his remarks on Colonel Sofiya Qureshi, calling her a “sister of terrorists”. Justice Atul Sreedharan directed DGP Kailash Makwana to lodge the FIR within four hours under serious criminal charges.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Madhya Pradesh High Court ordered FIR against Minister Vijay Shah.
- Remarks made by Vijay Shah called Colonel Sofiya Qureshi a 'sister of terrorists'.
- Justice Atul Sreedharan directed DGP Kailash Makwana to lodge the FIR within four hours.
Judicial Enforcement of Institutional Timelines and Decisiveness
Focus: The Supreme Court's intervention to address institutional inertia by setting or enforcing specific timelines for executive, legislative, and administrative functionaries to act.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the judiciary's role in ensuring administrative accountability and the timely discharge of constitutional and statutory duties to prevent systemic stagnation.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-19 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court addresses crisis in higher education
The Supreme Court has observed that the "massification" and "privatisation" of higher education in India has led to the country being second globally in student enrollment, but with a trail of deaths, distress, chronic vacancies and exploitation. The Court's four-month timeline for implementing its directions serves as a crucial wake-up call for the education sector.More details
UPSC Angle: SC flags massification and privatisation of higher education in India.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court observed 'massification' and 'privatisation' of higher education
- India is second globally in student enrollment
- Issues: deaths, distress, chronic vacancies, exploitation
- Supreme Court's four-month timeline for implementing directions
- 2025-05-06 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Flags Delay in Judicial Appointments
The Supreme Court criticized the central government for delays in approving collegium recommendations for judicial appointments, leading to case backlogs, judicial vacancies, and undermining public trust. The court noted the Centre was “cherry-picking” names and ignoring timelines. Delays in judicial appointments have been a source of tension between the executive and judiciary.More details
UPSC Angle: SC criticizes delay in judicial appointments.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court criticized the Centre for “cherry-picking” names and ignoring timelines for judicial appointments.
- The delay leads to case backlogs and judicial vacancies.
- India's higher judiciary appointments are governed by the collegium system.
- The Supreme Court criticized the Centre for delays in approving judicial appointments.
- 2025-04-03 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Defection Pleas
The Supreme Court emphasized that the Speaker cannot be 'indecisive' on pleas regarding defection, highlighting constitutional matters and the role of the Speaker. This observation is pertinent to UPSC syllabus topics related to polity and constitutional mechanisms.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court emphasized Speaker cannot be 'indecisive' on defection pleas.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court made the observation regarding the Speaker's role in defection pleas.
Judicial Interpretation of UAPA Scope and Applicability
Focus: Supreme Court rulings and observations specifically defining the boundaries, bail conditions, and applicability of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act.
UPSC Value: Essential for understanding the evolving jurisprudence around anti-terror laws and the balance between national security and civil liberties.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-07 [Polity & Governance] — UAPA Amendments and Terrorism Definition
The Supreme Court's stance on bail under UAPA, particularly Section 15, has expanded the definition of a 'terrorist act' to include acts beyond conventional weapons, raising concerns about its application to dissent and political mobilization. The UAPA, initially enacted in 1967 to address unlawful activities, was later amended to include terrorism-related provisions. The act emerged from the National Integration Council (NIC), set up in 1961.More details
UPSC Angle: SC's UAPA stance expands 'terrorist act' definition, raising application concerns.
Key Facts:
- Enacted in 1967 to address “unlawful activities”
- Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963 introduced reasonable restrictions on fundamental rights
- 2019 Amendments allow the designation of individuals as terrorists
- Section 15 of the UAPA includes acts committed by “any other means” beyond conventional weapons.
- The UAPA was enacted in 1967 to address “unlawful activities”.
- Chapter IV (Sections 15–23) was introduced in 2004 to define terrorist acts.
- The National Integration Council (NIC) was set up in 1961 to counter communalism and regionalism.
- The Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, introduced restrictions on fundamental rights to protect national integrity.
- 2025-05-20 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Deportation of Sri Lankan Tamil
The Supreme Court refused to interfere with a High Court order to deport a Sri Lankan Tamil, after he completed his sentence under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) for being a member of the banned Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), conveying that India is not a "dharamshala" (shelter) for refugees.More details
UPSC Angle: SC refuses to interfere with deportation of Sri Lankan Tamil.
Key Facts:
- Sri Lankan Tamil
- Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA)
- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
- 2025-04-17 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Addresses Murshidabad Violence Case
The Supreme Court directed the Calcutta High Court to 'independently' examine whether the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) provisions were attracted in the Murshidabad violence case following a migrant worker's death. The court noted that every emotional outburst cannot be 'packaged as a threat to economic security'. The Supreme Court also noted the High Court's April 17, 2025 order, which left it open for the Centre to invoke its suo motu powers under Section 6(5) of the NIA Act, and remarked that 'The NIA slept over the matter'.More details
UPSC Angle: Calcutta HC to examine UAPA applicability in Murshidabad violence.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- Calcutta High Court
- Murshidabad violence case
- Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA)
- NIA
- Section 6(5) of the NIA Act
Judicial and Executive Oversight of Deportation and Immigration
Focus: Legal procedures and judicial interventions concerning the identification, rights, and deportation of foreign nationals or individuals labeled as illegal immigrants.
UPSC Value: Understanding the balance between state executive powers under the Foreigners Act and judicial oversight based on humanitarian grounds and constitutional protections.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-03 [Polity & Governance] — Centre to bring back deported pregnant woman, child
The Union Government has agreed to bring back a pregnant woman, Sonali Khatoon, and her eight-year-old son who were deported to Bangladesh, citing humanitarian grounds following Supreme Court intervention. The court, with Chief Justice of India Surya Kant and Justice Joymalya Bagchi, has assured that the woman will receive free care and necessary facilities considering her medical condition, and that the child's day-to-day care will also be provided.More details
UPSC Angle: Centre to bring back deported pregnant woman, child after SC intervention.
Key Facts:
- Woman's name: Sonali Khatoon
- Deported to: Bangladesh
- Intervention by: Supreme Court
- CJI: Surya Kant
- Justice: Joymalya Bagchi
- 2025-09-11 [Polity & Governance] — Assam to identify and deport illegal immigrants within 10 days
The Assam cabinet has approved a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to identify and deport illegal immigrants within a 10-day timeframe. This decision underscores the state government's commitment to addressing the issue of illegal immigration.More details
UPSC Angle: Assam to identify and deport illegal immigrants within 10 days.
Key Facts:
- Assam
- illegal immigrants
- identification
- deportation
- Standard Operating Procedure
- SOP
- 10 days
- 2025-05-09 [Polity & Governance] — SC on Rohingya Refugees
The Supreme Court observed that if Rohingya refugees are found to be 'foreigners' under the Foreigners Act, the central government will deal with them according to the law. A three-judge bench headed by Justice Surya Kant heard petitions challenging the Centre's power to deport Rohingya refugees.More details
UPSC Angle: SC: Foreigners Act applies to Rohingya refugees.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court made the observation on May 8, 2025.
- The bench was headed by Justice Surya Kant.
Supreme Court Supervisory and Administrative Oversight
Focus: Actions taken by the Supreme Court or the Chief Justice of India to exercise administrative control, ensure judicial accountability, and monitor executive compliance with judicial mandates.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the Supreme Court's expansive role under Articles 141 and 142, and its administrative power to ensure efficiency and integrity across the judicial and executive branches.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-13 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Judgment Delivery Time
The Supreme Court has directed all High Courts to put out in the public domain the time taken by their judges to pronounce verdicts in pending cases. While there are no specific timelines for judges to deliver judgments, the convention is that judgments should be pronounced within a reasonable time, typically two to six months after reserving cases. Delays may occur due to the complexity of the legal questions involved or the burden of work.More details
UPSC Angle: SC directs HCs to publicize judgment delivery times.
Key Facts:
- High Courts should disclose time taken by judges to pronounce verdicts
- Convention: judgments should be delivered within two to six months of reserving cases
- 2025-03-26 [Polity & Governance] — Chief Justice Initiates Inquiry into Delhi High Court Judge
The Chief Justice of India has initiated an in-house inquiry into the conduct of a Delhi High Court judge, which will be carried out by a three-member committee. This internal mechanism is used to examine complaints against High Court or Supreme Court judges for misconduct not meeting the threshold of impeachment.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Chief Justice of India initiated an in-house inquiry into the conduct of a Delhi High Court judge.
- The inquiry will be conducted by a three-member committee.
- The in-house procedure is an internal mechanism to examine complaints against High Court or Supreme Court judges for misconduct.
- Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna formed a three-member in-house inquiry panel.
- The panel will investigate allegations of cash recovery from the residence of Delhi High Court Judge Yashwant Varma.
- 2025-03-04 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Order Compliance Regarding Land Rights
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has intimated all States/ UTs vide letter dated 11.03.2025 to all States/UTs to comply with the order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court dated 4th March 2025. To monitor progress, the Ministry convened a series of review meetings with the State/ UT Governments and thereafter based on the action taken report received from the State/UT Governments, Ministry filed a detailed affidavit in the Supreme Court of India on 3.10.2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Letter Date: 11.03.2025
- Order Date: 4th March 2025
- Affidavit Date: 3.10.2025
Judicial Reversals and Acquittals in High-Stakes Criminal Cases
Focus: Judicial decisions involving the overturning of life sentences or the final acquittal of defendants in long-standing, high-profile criminal cases due to evidentiary gaps or legal defenses.
UPSC Value: Highlights the judiciary's role in upholding the 'benefit of doubt' and correcting potential investigative failures in the Indian criminal justice system.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-11 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Acquits Surendra Koli in Nithari Killings Case
The Supreme Court acquitted Surendra Koli, the prime accused in the Nithari killings, in the last pending case against him, ordering his release.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court acquits Surendra Koli in Nithari killings case.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court acquitted Surendra Koli in the last pending case in Nithari killings.
- 2025-08-04 [Polity & Governance] — Malegaon Blast Case: All Accused Acquitted After 17 Years
All accused individuals in the 2008 Malegaon blast case, including Lt. Col. Prasad Purohit and Pragya Singh Thakur, were acquitted after 17 years. The verdict raised concerns about investigative failures, prosecution shortcomings, and political influence undermining justice. The court cited unreliable evidence, hostile witnesses alleging coercion by the ATS, and procedural failures in ensuring the authenticity of electronic transcripts.More details
UPSC Angle: All accused acquitted in 2008 Malegaon blast case.
Key Facts:
- All accused in the 2008 Malegaon blast case, including Lt. Col. Prasad Purohit and Pragya Singh Thakur, were acquitted.
- The Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) initially suspected Hindutva extremists.
- The case was transferred to the National Investigation Agency (NIA), which faced allegations of softening its approach.
- In 2018, a Special Court ordered a full trial, resisting attempts to dilute the case.
- 2025-05-25 [Polity & Governance] — SC Sets Aside Life Imprisonment in Murder Case
The Supreme Court has set aside a life imprisonment sentence in a murder case, citing reasonable doubt that the crime was committed during a period of insanity. The court rejected the Chhattisgarh Police's argument that a medical examination found the man normal.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court: Set aside life imprisonment
- Reason: Reasonable doubt of insanity
- Chhattisgarh Police: Argument that the man was medically normal was dismissed
Supreme Court Directives for Procedural Standardization in Criminal Justice
Focus: Supreme Court interventions aimed at establishing mandatory protocols to eliminate procedural irregularities and arbitrary decision-making across the investigation, custodial, and sentencing phases of the criminal justice system.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the Supreme Court's proactive role in judicial and police reforms to ensure transparency and the rule of law, a key theme in GS Paper II (Judiciary and Governance).
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-03 [Polity & Governance] — Discussion on Supreme Court directives regarding suspended sentences
The Supreme Court expressed disappointment regarding the suspension of a murder sentence on the condition of planting tree saplings, noting potential issues with reducing sentences in this manner. The Supreme Court has directed High Courts and appellate authorities to avoid this practice in future cases.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court expressed disappointment in a case involving suspension of a murder sentence based on the condition of planting trees.
- The Supreme Court issued directives to High Courts and appellate authorities against similar practices in the future.
- 2025-09-15 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Guidelines on DNA Use
The Supreme Court has issued guidelines to bring uniformity and ensure standard protocols for the collection, storage, and packaging of DNA evidence. These guidelines aim to maintain the chain of custody of DNA evidence and prevent contamination at crime scenes, ensuring the integrity of the evidence used in court. DNA evidence is admissible in Indian courts but is considered opinion evidence rather than conclusive proof. Biological samples, including DNA, can be collected from accused and convicts as per the Criminal Procedure Identification Act.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court guidelines on DNA use aim to standardize evidence handling.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- DNA samples
- criminal cases
- Kattavellai @ Devakar v. State of Tamil Nadu
- procedural guidelines
- chain of custody
- DNA evidence is admissible as opinion evidence.
- Biological samples can be collected as per the Criminal Procedure Identification Act.
- 2025-09-04 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court addresses non-functional CCTVs in police stations
The Supreme Court has taken suo motu cognizance of the issue of non-functional CCTV cameras in police stations, five years after its initial order mandating their installation, following reports of custodial deaths.More details
UPSC Angle: SC addresses non-functional CCTVs in police stations.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court
- CCTV cameras
- police stations
- suo motu cognizance
- custodial deaths
- September 4, 2025
Developments in High-Profile Murder and Disappearance Cases
Focus: Judicial and administrative actions concerning high-profile cases of murder, suspicious death, or disappearance that have garnered significant public and media attention.
UPSC Value: Examines the legal and executive processes involved in resolving or managing long-standing, high-sensitivity criminal cases and the accountability of investigative agencies.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-29 [Polity & Governance] — Delhi HC dismisses Vikas Yadav's furlough plea
The Delhi High Court dismissed Vikas Yadav's plea for a three-week furlough, upholding the jail authorities' decision from October 29, 2025. The court found no arbitrariness or illegality in the rejection, citing the gravity of the Nitish Katara murder case, the severity of the sentence, and concerns that Yadav might flee, disrupt public order, or harm the victim's family.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Vikas Yadav: Convict in the Nitish Katara murder case
- October 29, 2025: Date of the jail authorities' decision rejecting furlough
- Justice Ravinder Dudeja: Judge who dismissed the petition
- 2025-10-14 [Polity & Governance] — Haryana DGP Sent on Leave Amid IPS Officer Death Case
The Haryana government sent Director General of Police (DGP) Shatrujeet Kapur on leave amid demands for action in the death case of Haryana IPS officer Y. Puran Kumar. Om Parkash Singh, IPS, was assigned the additional charge of DGP during Kapur's leave period, according to a government order dated October 14, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Haryana DGP Shatrujeet Kapur sent on leave
- Related to death case of IPS officer Y. Puran Kumar
- Om Parkash Singh, IPS, assigned additional charge of DGP
- Government order dated October 14, 2025
- 2025-06-30 [Society & Culture] — Delhi court allows CBI to close Najeeb Ahmed missing case
A Delhi court permitted the CBI to close the case of missing JNU student Najeeb Ahmed, who disappeared on October 15, 2016, allowing the agency to reopen the case if new evidence emerges.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Najeeb Ahmed, a first-year JNU student, went missing on October 15, 2016
- Additional chief judicial magistrate: Jyoti Maheshwari
- CBI closed investigation in October 2018
Judicial Efficiency and Timeline Enforcement
Focus: Supreme Court actions and observations aimed at curbing delays in judgments, execution petitions, and surrender timelines.
UPSC Value: Highlights the structural challenge of judicial pendency and the Supreme Court's mechanisms to enforce timely justice.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-25 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Execution Petition Delays
The Supreme Court expressed concern over delays in implementing court decrees, noting that over 8.82 lakh execution petitions are pending across India's district courts. An execution petition is a legal application filed by the winning party to enforce the court's judgment. While a civil suit in India takes around 4.9 years to conclude, an execution petition adds nearly 4 more years.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court concerned over delays in implementing court decrees.
Key Facts:
- 8.82 lakh execution petitions pending in India's district courts
- Civil suit takes around 4.9 years to conclude
- Execution petition adds nearly 4 more years to the process
- Nearly half (47.2%) of pending petitions were filed before 2020
- 38.9% of delays due to unavailability of lawyers
- 17% of delays due to court stays on proceedings
- 12% of delays due to awaiting documents
- Justices JB Pardiwala and Pankaj Mithal: Judges on the bench
- 8.82 lakh execution petitions pending across India's district courts
- 4.9 years: average time to conclude a civil suit in India
- 4 years: additional time for an execution petition
- 47.2% of pending petitions were filed before 2020
- Bombay High Court: Over 3.4 lakh pending petitions
- Madras High Court: Around 86,000 pending petitions
- Kerala High Court: Nearly 83,000 pending petitions
- 2025-06-13 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court rejects plea in Karnataka murder case
The Supreme Court rejected a plea from Karnataka Congress legislator and former Minister Vinay R. Kulkarni for an extension of time to surrender in connection with the 2016 murder of BJP leader Yogesh Gowda. This decision came a week after Kulkarni's bail was cancelled.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court rejected plea in Karnataka murder case.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court rejected plea for extension of time to surrender
- Vinay R. Kulkarni: Karnataka Congress legislator and former Minister
- Case: 2016 murder of BJP leader Yogesh Gowda
- 2025-05-05 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court addresses judgment delays in High Courts
The Supreme Court addressed the structural issue of delayed delivery of verdicts and directed the High Court to determine the appeal within three months. The Supreme Court had directed the Registrar General of the Allahabad High Court to submit a report and to bring the issue forward on 27.01.2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court addresses judgment delays in High Courts.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court directed High Court to determine appeal in timely manner
- Directed Registrar General of the Allahabad High Court to submit a report
- Order dated 15.04.2025
- Case already under consideration of judgment in December 2021
Judicial Scrutiny of Defamation and Political Speech
Focus: Legal proceedings and Supreme Court observations regarding criminal defamation and controversial public remarks made by political leaders.
UPSC Value: Understanding the judiciary's role in balancing freedom of speech with defamation laws and the impact of political litigation on the court system.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-09-23 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on Defamation Cases
The Supreme Court is concerned about the increasing number of defamation cases, which are overburdening the courts. The court distinguishes between civil and criminal defamation, with the latter being more serious.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court concerned about increasing number of defamation cases.
Key Facts:
- Increasing defamation cases
- Civil vs. criminal defamation
- 2025-08-04 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Stays Defamation Proceedings Against Rahul Gandhi
The Supreme Court of India stayed proceedings in a criminal defamation case against Rahul Gandhi in a Lucknow court. The case relates to remarks made during his Bharat Jodo Yatra about skirmishes between Indian and Chinese soldiers along the border.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court stays defamation proceedings against Rahul Gandhi.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court stayed proceedings in a criminal defamation case against Rahul Gandhi.
- The case is related to remarks made during his Bharat Jodo Yatra.
- 2025-05-28 [Polity & Governance] — Varanasi court rejects plea against Rahul Gandhi
A court in Varanasi rejected a criminal complaint against Rahul Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, concerning his remarks about Lord Ram during an interactive session in the U.S.. The complaint was rejected on May 27, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Court: Varanasi
- Person: Rahul Gandhi
- Issue: Remarks on Lord Ram in the U.S.
- Date of rejection: May 27, 2025
Judicial Discretion in Bail Applications
Focus: Court rulings across different jurisdictions determining the pre-trial or post-arrest liberty of individuals accused of criminal offenses.
UPSC Value: Analysis of the legal standards for 'bail as a rule, jail as an exception' and judicial oversight in criminal justice administration.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-30 [Economy] — Mehul Choksi's Bail Plea Rejected
The bail plea of fugitive diamond trader Mehul Choksi, wanted in India for involvement in a â‚ą6,300-crore fraud in the Punjab National Bank (PNB), has been rejected by a court of appeal in Belgium.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Mehul Choksi's bail plea rejected by Belgian court
- Wanted in India for â‚ą6,300-crore fraud in PNB
- 2025-08-02 [Society & Culture] — Bail granted to Kerala nuns in human trafficking case
A special court in Chhattisgarh's Bilaspur district granted bail to three persons, including two nuns from Kerala, arrested on charges of human trafficking and forced religious conversion. The order was reserved by Principal District and Sessions Judge Sirajuddin Qureshi after a hearing on Friday.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Location: Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh
- Defendants: Two nuns from Kerala and one other person
- Charges: Human trafficking and forced religious conversion
- Judge: Sirajuddin Qureshi
- 2025-06-10 [Polity & Governance] — Bombay HC Grants Bail in ₹12.76 Crore Fraud Case
The Bombay High Court granted bail to Birju Kishore Kumar Salla, arrested for allegedly cheating a jeweller of â‚ą12.76 crore. The bail was granted after the parties resolved the dispute, with Salla agreeing to pay in installments.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Bombay High Court
- Birju Kishore Kumar Salla
- Shailesh Jain
- â‚ą12.76 crore
- antique gold ornaments
- silver utensils
- precious gems
- LT Marg police
- November 18, 2024
- November 21
- â‚ą14 crore
- â‚ą1.48 crore
- November 19, 2025
- Dr Neela Gokhale
- January 7, 2026
- â‚ą50,000
Supreme Court Adjudication of Federal-Executive Boundaries
Focus: Supreme Court Constitution Bench proceedings examining the constitutional limits of Union-led authority (via Governors or Parliament) over State legislative processes and political status.
UPSC Value: Essential for understanding the judicial interpretation of federalism, the role of the Governor under Article 200, and the constitutional status of States under Article 370.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-28 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court on States' Writ Petitions Against President/Governor
The central government told the Supreme Court on August 28, 2025, that state governments cannot file writ petitions against actions of the President and Governor related to handling bills passed by state assemblies. The Centre argued that states cannot invoke writ jurisdiction against the President and Governor for violation of fundamental rights.More details
UPSC Angle: States cannot file writ petitions against President/Governor actions on bills.
Key Facts:
- The Centre told the Supreme Court that State Governments cannot file writ petitions against actions of the President and the Governor in dealing with bills.
- 2025-08-21 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Addresses Governors' Powers
A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court heard the Presidential Reference on 14 questions raised by President Murmu on the power to consider Bills in a stipulated time. The Supreme Court asked the Centre if elected State governments were at the mercy of the whims and fancies of Governors, who could fail Bills by merely withholding assent for them.More details
UPSC Angle: SC addresses Governors' powers regarding Bills in a stipulated time.
Key Facts:
- A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court heard the Presidential Reference on 14 questions raised by President Murmu
- The Supreme Court asked the Centre if elected State governments were at the mercy of the whims and fancies of Governors
- 2025-07-11 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court to Hear Article 370 Pleas
A Constitution Bench led by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud will take up petitions challenging the dilution of Article 370 of the Constitution, which revoked Jammu and Kashmir's special privileges in 2019. The five-judge Bench includes Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, Sanjeev Khanna, B.R. Gavai, and Surya Kant.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court to hear petitions challenging dilution of Article 370.
Key Facts:
- Article 370
- Constitution Bench
- Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud
- Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul
- Sanjiv Khanna
- B.R. Gavai
- Surya Kant
- Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
Strengthening of US Administrative Vetting and Deportation Frameworks
Focus: Administrative actions and diplomatic concerns centered on stricter security clearances, social media surveillance for visa holders, and deportation enforcement.
UPSC Value: Analyzes the intersection of national security policy, administrative law, and the diplomatic implications of heightened vetting processes on international relations.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-07-12 [International Relations] — US Visa Screening
The U.S. Embassy announced that U.S. visa holders will be deported if found violating U.S. laws and immigration rules, following the declaration that social media accounts of F, M, and J category non-immigrant visa applicants should be turned over for review.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- U.S. Embassy
- F, M, and J category non-immigrant visas
- social media accounts
- deportation
- 2025-04-20 [International Relations] — Congress Questions PM Modi on Trade Concerns Ahead of U.S. VP Visit
The Congress party has raised questions about whether Prime Minister Narendra Modi will address India's concerns regarding the deportation of Indian citizens and the perceived destruction of the multilateral trading system during talks with U.S. Vice-President J.D. Vance.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Questions raised ahead of talks between Narendra Modi and U.S. Vice-President J.D. Vance.
- Concerns include the deportation of Indian citizens.
- Concerns include the perceived destruction of the multilateral rules-based trading system.
- 2025-03-14 [International Relations] — White House Addresses Risks from Law Firm Paul Weiss
On March 14, 2025, the White House released a statement addressing risks associated with the global law firm Paul Weiss, indicating the administration's commitment to ending unlawful discrimination and ensuring federal benefits support national security and democratic processes. The statement outlines actions to review security clearances and limit access to federal government buildings for Paul Weiss employees.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- The White House
- March 14, 2025
- Paul Weiss
- security clearances
- Executive Order 14230
- March 6, 2025
Regulation of Legal and Judicial Professional Standards
Focus: Supreme Court directives and guidelines establishing or revising the criteria for professional advancement and eligibility within the legal bar and the subordinate judiciary.
UPSC Value: Provides insights into the evolving standards of merit, practical experience, and inclusivity in the Indian legal and judicial hierarchy.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-06-28 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Revisits Senior Advocate Designation
The Supreme Court of India recently revisited criteria for designating senior lawyers, highlighting systemic disparities within the legal profession. Concerns about inequality and elitism persist, with the Court's decisions in Indira Jaising and Jitender cases failing to address these fundamental issues.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court revisits senior advocate designation criteria.
Key Facts:
- The Supreme Court revisited criteria for designating senior lawyers.
- The cases involved are Jitender @ Kalla vs State (2025).
- Concerns about inequality and elitism persist in the legal profession.
- 2025-05-22 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Reinforces Requirement for Legal Practice for Judicial Service Exams
A three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India, led by CJI B.R. Gavai, reinstated the rule mandating three years of legal practice as a minimum qualification to appear for the subordinate judicial services exam. The court emphasized that practical exposure enables better decision-making and courtroom management. Critics argue that this rule discourages fresh talent, especially from economically and socially weaker sections, and undermines inclusivity.More details
UPSC Angle: SC reinforces 3 years legal practice for judicial service exams.
Key Facts:
- Mandate: 3 years of legal practice for judicial service entry
- Reversed: 2002 decision abolishing practice requirement
- Reason: Inefficiency of fresh recruits lacking practical exposure
- 14th Law Commission Report (1958): Proposed 3-5 years of legal practice
- Supreme Court mandated three years of legal practice for judicial service entry
- Rule reinstated by a 3-judge bench led by CJI B.R. Gavai
- Minimum qualification to appear for subordinate judicial services exam
- 2025-05-15 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court disapproves point-system for designating senior advocates
The Supreme Court has notified the “Guidelines for Designation of Senior Advocates by the Supreme Court of India, 2026”, replacing the 2023 Guidelines in terms of the Court's decision dated May 13, 2025 in Jitender @ Kalla vs. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) and Anr. (2025 INSC 667). In Jitender@Kalla, the Supreme Court had disapproved of designating senior advocates on the basis of point-system and interviews, holding that it was unworkable.More details
UPSC Angle: Supreme Court disapproves point-system for designating senior advocates.
Key Facts:
- Supreme Court has notified the “Guidelines for Designation of Senior Advocates by the Supreme Court of India, 2026”, replacing the 2023 Guidelines in terms of the Court's decision dated May 13, 2025 in Jitender @ Kalla vs. State (Govt. of NCT of Delhi) and Anr. (2025 INSC 667)
- In Jitender@Kalla, the Supreme Court had disapproved of designating senior advocates on the basis of point-system and interviews, holding that it was unworkable
Explore More Current Affairs
Browse all current affairs themes and story arcs on our blog