Strategic Defence Indigenization & Procurement Reforms: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
ExamRobot — UPSC prep tools
ExploreIn-Depth Analysis
The Big Picture
The 2025-2026 period represents India's transition from 'procedural compliance' to 'operational indigenization.' Designating 2025 as the 'Year of Reforms,' the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has replaced the aging DPM 2009 with the **Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025**. This shift moves beyond just buying platforms (DAP 2020) to streamlining the entire lifecycle support and revenue procurement, backed by a massive ₹3.84 lakh crore capital approval surge. The focus has pivoted to 'Deep-Tech Sovereignty,' where indigenous systems like Pralay and GSAT-7B are no longer prototypes but core components of India's strategic triad.
Cross-Theme Insight
There is a clear 'Regulatory-Technological Synchronicity' in 2025. While the DPM 2025 provides the administrative fast-track, DRDO’s 'Strategic Surge' (successful trials of Pinaka LRGR-120, Pralay, and MPATGM) provides the technological readiness. This dual approach addresses the 'Valley of Death' in Indian defence—where indigenous tech exists but procurement delays prevent induction. The extension of **Emergency Procurement (EP) powers** in 2025 further indicates that the military is maintaining a 'Hybrid Readiness' model: using EP for urgent gaps while the DPM 2025 builds long-term indigenous resilience.
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard textbooks (e.g., Nitin Singhania or Vivek Singh) focus heavily on the **Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020** and basic 'Make in India' milestones like HAL Tejas. However, the current landscape is defined by the **DPM 2025** (which governs Revenue procurement/maintenance) and the emergence of **Quasi-Ballistic Missiles (Pralay)** and **Dedicated Military Satellites (GSAT-7B)**. Textbooks often list the Defence Minister as the head of DAC (confirmed in CAPF 2015), but they miss the 2025 reform where DAC has started delegating higher financial powers to the Service Chiefs to bypass bureaucratic bottlenecks.
How This Theme Is Evolving
India's defence strategy has evolved through three phases: 1. Dependence (Pre-1990s), 2. Licensed Production (1990-2014), and 3. Design-led Indigenization (Post-2014). The 2025-26 phase is the start of the 'Export-Integrated Phase,' where DRDO is not just testing for domestic use but showcasing systems like the Akash-NG and Pinaka for global outreach (Aatmanirbhar Bharat 2.0).
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
UPSC consistently tests the institutional hierarchy and technical classification of weapon systems. Key past triggers include: 1. **Institutional Leadership:** CAPF 2015 (NID 10600) asked who heads the DAC (Defence Minister). 2. **Financial Thresholds:** CAPF 2015 (NID 10619) tested the ₹1000 Cr approval threshold for the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS). 3. **Missile Classification:** CDS/CAPF (NID 7001, 11808) frequently test the range and fuel types of missiles like Prahar (predecessor to Pralay) and Akash.
Probable Prelims Angles
- Head of the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC): Union Defence Minister.
- Pralay Missile Specs: Surface-to-surface, quasi-ballistic (can change path in flight), 150-500 km range.
- GSAT-7B: Specifically for the Indian Army (unlike GSAT-7/Rukmini for Navy).
- DPM 2025 vs DAP 2020: DPM handles Revenue/Maintenance; DAP handles Capital/New Acquisitions.
- Pinaka LRGR-120: Guided Extended Range variant (120km) vs standard Pinaka (40km).
Mains Themes
- Critically analyze the shift from 'Buyer's Globalism' to 'Indigenized Self-Reliance' in the Indian Defence sector.
- The role of GSAT-7B and Pralay in achieving 'Network Centric Warfare' and 'Non-Contact Warfare' capabilities.
- Evaluate the impact of DPM 2025 in reducing the 'Time-Overrun' in military maintenance and operational readiness.
Preparation Strategy
Key Connections
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (10 themes, 48 news items)
DRDO's Strategic Pivot to Next-Gen Tech & Global Outreach
Focus: A series of updates tracking DRDO's shift towards advanced technologies (AI, Space, Cyber) and the showcasing of indigenous capabilities at international defense exhibitions leading up to its 68th Foundation Day.
UPSC Value: Useful for tracking India's defence indigenisation (Aatmanirbhar Bharat), the specific shift from conventional to futuristic weaponry (Directed Energy, Quantum), and defence diplomacy efforts.
12 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-17 [Defense & Security] — Rajnath Singh Sets Deadline for 6th Gen Aero Engine Development
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has challenged DRDO scientists to develop 6th generation aero engines for fighter aircraft within 5-7 years. He emphasized the complexity of aero engine development and urged scientists to compress timelines, while visiting DRDO's Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) in Bengaluru.More details
UPSC Angle: Rajnath Singh sets deadline for 6th gen aero engine development.
Key Facts:
- Rajnath Singh
- DRDO
- 6th generation aero engine
- Deadline: 5-7 years
- Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) - Bengaluru
- Kaveri engine
- 2026-02-17 [Polity & Governance] — Supreme Court Upholds Woman's Choice in Abortion Case
The Supreme Court overturned a Bombay High Court order, allowing abortion at 30 weeks of gestation, emphasizing that a woman cannot be compelled to continue an unwanted pregnancy. The ruling strengthens the rights framework under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 2021 and highlights the growing judicial focus on mental health and bodily autonomy.More details
UPSC Angle: SC upholds woman's choice in abortion case at 30 weeks.
Key Facts:
- Abortion allowed at 30 weeks of gestation by Supreme Court.
- Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 2021 strengthened.
- 2026-02-17 [Economy] — Future of RuPay & UPI in Value-Added Services
A Department of Financial Services report emphasizes that the future growth of UPI and RuPay depends on expanding into value-added financial services like micro-credit and insurance. Government incentives for promoting digital payments rose from ₹1,389 crore (2021-22) to ₹3,631 crore (2023-24). The report stresses integrating micro-credit, insurance, AutoPay, and loyalty services within payment platforms, despite infrastructure gaps and reliability issues.More details
UPSC Angle: UPI and RuPay growth via value-added services like micro-credit.
Key Facts:
- Government incentives for digital payments: ₹1,389 crore (2021-22) to ₹3,631 crore (2023-24).
- Focus on integrating micro-credit, insurance, AutoPay, and loyalty services within payment platforms.
- 2026-02-17 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Prioritizes Indigenous AI for Defence
Director General of DRDO, Chandrika Kaushik, emphasized the necessity for India to develop its own AI solutions for the defense sector, citing concerns about the trustworthiness and potential risks of relying on foreign AI models. DRDO has already developed frameworks such as ETAI for building resilience in AI-enabled systems and guidelines for validating AI solutions. DRDO is incorporating AI in almost every solution it is developing and AI applications are moving closer to operational environments.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO prioritizes indigenous AI for defense due to trust concerns.
Key Facts:
- DRDO DG Chandrika Kaushik
- DRDO developed ETAI (Evaluating Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence) framework
- AI is being integrated into defence systems for battlefield deployment
- 2026-02-17 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Shortlists Industry Teams for AMCA Prototype
DRDO has shortlisted three industry groups to develop prototypes for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), marking a key step in India's indigenous fifth-generation aircraft program. The Aeronautical Development Agency under DRDO issued tenders in July 2025, and the current shortlisting narrows down the field from the initial broader bidding process. The AMCA is planned to be a single-seat, twin-engine stealth fighter with advanced avionics and internal weapon carriage.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO shortlists industry teams for AMCA prototype development.
Key Facts:
- DRDO shortlisted three industry groups to develop AMCA fighter prototypes
- Aeronautical Development Agency issued tenders in July 2025
- AMCA is a fifth-generation stealth fighter
- AMCA will be a single seat, twin engine platform
- 2026-02-16 [Defense & Security] — Rajnath Singh Reviews Indigenous Aero Engine Projects at DRDO
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visited DRDO's Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) in Bengaluru to review indigenous military gas turbine engine development projects. He urged the lab to focus on next-generation engines and advanced technologies for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), emphasizing self-reliance in aero engine technology.More details
UPSC Angle: Rajnath Singh reviews indigenous aero engine projects at DRDO.
Key Facts:
- Visited Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) of DRDO in Bengaluru on February 16, 2026
- Reviewed indigenous military gas turbine engine development
- Witnessed full afterburner engine test of the Kaveri engine
- Stressed importance of Aatmanirbharta in aero engine technology
- Urged focus on next-generation engines for Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA)
- 2026-02-14 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Chairman highlights efforts to boost India's defence research capacity
DRDO Chairman Samir V. Kamat stated that the organization is working towards enhancing intellectual capital and scientific advancements through five newly established labs and 15 new DRDO centers. These new centers will focus on underwater awareness and space awareness.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO boosting research capacity with new labs and centers.
Key Facts:
- DRDO working to enhance intellectual capital
- Five newly established labs
- 15 new DRDO centers focusing on underwater awareness and space awareness
- DRDO Chairman Samir V. Kamat
- 2026-02-12 [Science & Technology] — DRDO & CSIR Collaborate on R&D for Extreme Environments
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) are joining forces to enhance combined research, technology, and resource sharing. The primary objective is to enhance human survival and performance in extremely hostile environments through accelerated innovation in key strategic areas. The partnership aims to develop advanced technology for high-altitude survivability, improved human performance, energy production, and effective waste utilization in extreme environments.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO & CSIR collaborate on R&D for extreme environments.
Key Facts:
- Collaboration between DRDO and CSIR
- Objective: Enhance human survival and performance in extreme environments
- Focus areas: High-altitude survivability, improved human performance, energy production, and effective waste utilization
- Aims to accelerate the development and application of next-generation technologies in both the defence and civilian sectors
- Will promote interdisciplinarity and speed up prototype development
- DRDO and CSIR are collaborating to enhance research, technology, and resource sharing
- Focus on human survival and performance in hostile environments
- Design of advanced technology for high-altitude survivability
- Improvement in human performance
- Energy production and waste utilization in extreme environments
- The partnership reflects the government's commitment to strategic scientific research and technological self-sufficiency
- 2026-01-08 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Celebrates 68th Foundation Day
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) celebrated its 68th Foundation Day on January 1, 2026, highlighting contributions to India's defence and security infrastructure and its role in Aatmanirbhar Bharat. The event focused on future strategies in cyber, space, and AI, with Union Minister Rajnath Singh and DRDO Chairman Samir V. Kamat present. DRDO signed 11 defence contracts worth Rs. 26,000 crore with production partners and has transferred 245 technologies to industries in 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO's 68th Foundation Day highlights contributions to India's defence.
Key Facts:
- DRDO celebrated its 68th Foundation Day on January 1, 2026
- Celebration at DRDO Headquarters, New Delhi
- DRDO Chairman: Samir V. Kamat
- Key focus areas: Cyber, Space, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- 22 AoN Approvals worth approximately Rs.1.30 lakh crore
- 11 Defence Contracts signed worth Rs.26,000 crore
- 245 Licensing Agreements for Transfer of Technology (LAToT) signed in 2025 (Total: 2,201)
- 15 operational Centres of Excellence (CoE)
- 66 new projects worth Rs. 228 crore
- 11 contracts for acquisitions valued at Rs 26,000 crore signed with DRDO production partners for Nag Missile System, Ashwini Low Level Transportable Radar, Air Defence Fire Control Radar (ADFCR), Electronic Warfare Suite for Mi-17 V5 Helicopter, Area Denial Munition (ADM) Type-1 and High Explosive Pre-Fragmented (HEPF) Mk-I (Enhanced) for the Pinaka Multiple Launch Rocket System, Infantry Foot Bridge Floating, Wargaming System, and Automatic Chemical Agent Detector & Alarm (ACADA) and Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS)
- 2025-12-16 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Recognized for Savings and Advances in Defence Technologies
The Standing Committee on Defence recognized DRDO for making significant savings of ₹264,156 crore (US$31 billion) through domestic research and for making advances in next-generation defense technologies over the past five years starting in 2020. DRDO is shifting its focus from conventional weapons to next-generation technologies like directed energy weapons, photonics, quantum systems, and artificial intelligence.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO saved ₹264,156 crore via domestic research, advanced defense tech.
Key Facts:
- Savings totaling ₹264,156 crore (US$31 billion) made possible by DRDO's indigenous research programs over the past five years.
- DRDO is shifting its focus to next-generation technologies like directed energy weapons, photonics, quantum systems, and artificial intelligence.
- 2025-06-16 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Showcases Aerospace Advancements at Paris Air Show 2025
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) will participate in the Paris Air Show 2025, showcasing India's progress in aerospace and defence innovation. DRDO will exhibit indigenous technologies, including next-gen unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), advanced avionics, and defence systems, highlighting India's self-reliance and strategic capabilities.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO showcases aerospace advancements at Paris Air Show 2025.
Key Facts:
- DRDO
- Paris Air Show 2025
- next-gen unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
- advanced avionics
- indigenous defence systems
- Beyond-Visual-Range (BVR) class of Air-to-Air Missiles (AAM)
- 'Astra' missile
- Light Combat Aircraft (LAC) Air Force Mark 2/Tejas Mk-2
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
- Weapon Locating Radar (WLR)
- 'Swathi' radar
- Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
- Airborne Early Warning & Control System (AEW&C)
- Astra missile
- SU-30 Mk-I aircraft
- Light Combat Aircraft (LAC) Air Force Mark 2 (Tejas Mk-2)
- Swathi radar
- HELINA (Helicopter-based NAG)
- anti-tank guided missile (ATGM)
- Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)
- SHYEN (Payloads for Dornier Mid-Life Upgrade)
- 2025-03-04 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Showcases Next-Gen Defence Innovations at LAAD 2025 in Brazil
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) will exhibit Next-Gen Defence Innovations at Latin America Aerospace and Defence (LAAD) 2025, an international defence and security fair in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from April 1-4, 2025. DRDO will showcase systems that highlight India's growing capabilities as a global defence technology leader.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO to exhibit Next-Gen Defence Innovations at LAAD 2025 in Brazil.
Key Facts:
- Event: Latin America Aerospace and Defence (LAAD) 2025
- Dates: April 1-4, 2025
- Location: Riocentro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Participant: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
- Key Systems to be showcased: Low Frequency Dunking Sonar (LFDS-X), Air Borne Early Warning & Control System (AEW&C)
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) Approvals Timeline
Focus: A chronological series of capital acquisition approvals and procedural extensions by the DAC leading up to the fiscal year-end.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the administrative process and speed of defence procurement reforms.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-12 [Defense & Security] — Defence Acquisition Council approves ₹3.60 lakh crore procurements
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), led by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved capital acquisition proposals totaling approximately ₹3.60 lakh crore, which includes the acquisition of 114 Rafale fighter jets from France for the Indian Air Force (IAF) and six P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft from the United States for the Indian Navy. The DAC also granted AoN for the Indian Army to procure Vibhav anti-tank mines, and the overhaul of existing platforms, such as Armoured Recovery Vehicles (ARVs), T-72 tanks, and Infantry Combat Vehicles (BMP-II).More details
UPSC Angle: DAC approves ₹3.60 lakh crore procurements; focus on amounts.
Key Facts:
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved ₹3.60 lakh crore in capital acquisitions.
- 114 Rafale fighter jets from France for the IAF.
- 6 P-8I long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft from the United States for the Indian Navy.
- Vibhav anti-tank mines for the Indian Army.
- Overhaul of Armoured Recovery Vehicles (ARVs), T-72 tanks, and Infantry Combat Vehicles (BMP-II).
- 114 Rafale fighter jets to be procured from Dassault Aviation of France.
- Deal estimated at $35 to $40 billion (approx. 32 to 37 billion euros).
- 18 aircraft to be manufactured in France.
- 96 aircraft to be built in India under the “Make in India” initiative.
- Tata Advanced Systems Limited is the main Indian partner.
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved procurement proposals worth ₹3.60 lakh crore
- Chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
- 114 Rafale Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) from France's Dassault Aviation
- 288 S-400 Missiles from Russia (120 short-range, 168 long-range)
- P-8I maritime patrol aircraft procurement
- Overhaul of T-72 tanks and Armoured Recovery Vehicles (ARVs)
- Advanced surveillance systems and upgrades for the Indian Coast Guard
- In 2025, the DAC approved procurement proposals worth ₹54,000 crore
- The Union Budget for FY 2025–26 allocated ₹6.81 lakh crore to the Ministry of Defence, later raised to ₹7.85 lakh crore in FY 2026–27
- The Ministry of Defence has signed a ₹2,312 crore contract with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for eight Dornier 228 aircraft for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG)
- 2026-01-15 [Defense & Security] — Emergency Procurement Window Extended for Armed Forces
The Indian government has extended the emergency procurement window for the Armed Forces until January 15, 2026, allowing the Army, Navy, and Air Force to expedite purchases of essential weapons and equipment. This extension ensures the armed forces can finalize contracts for priority equipment to maintain operational readiness, with Vice Chiefs able to approve procurements up to ₹300 crore per project.More details
UPSC Angle: Emergency procurement window extended for Armed Forces.
Key Facts:
- Emergency procurement window extended until January 15, 2026
- Vice Chiefs of Army, Navy, and Air Force can approve procurements up to ₹300 crore
- Emergency procurement introduced in 2020 after Galwan Valley clash
- 2026-01-02 [Defense & Security] — India's 'Year of Reforms' in Defence
The defence ministry had announced 2025 as the 'Year of Reforms', with the aim of transforming India's armed forces into a technologically advanced and combat-ready force. The Defence Acquisition Council cleared capital procurement proposals worth over ₹3.84 lakh crore since January 2025, and contracts worth ₹1.82 lakh crore had been signed by the end of December.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence ministry announced 2025 as the 'Year of Reforms'.
Key Facts:
- Defence Acquisition Council cleared capital procurement proposals worth over ₹3.84 lakh crore since January 2025
- Contracts worth ₹1.82 lakh crore signed by end of December 2025
- Nearly 80% of capital acquisition budget (around ₹1.2 lakh crore) utilised by December 2025
- 25% of defence research grants earmarked for private firms, startups and academia
- 2025-10-23 [Defense & Security] — DAC Approves Proposals Worth ₹79,000 crore
During its meeting at South Block in New Delhi on October 23, 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh, approved several Service proposals aimed at strengthening the Armed Forces' capabilities, valued at approximately ₹79,000 crore.More details
UPSC Angle: DAC approves proposals worth ₹79,000 crore.
Key Facts:
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved proposals worth approximately ₹79,000 crore
- Meeting held at South Block in New Delhi on October 23, 2025
- Chaired by Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh
- Proposals aimed at strengthening the Armed Forces' capabilities
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)
- Rajnath Singh (Raksha Mantri)
- ₹79,000 crore
- October 23, 2025
- New Delhi
- 2025-03-21 [Defense & Security] — India Approves Defence Acquisitions
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, approved eight capital acquisition proposals worth 54,000 crore rupees. The DAC also approved guidelines to reduce timelines in the capital acquisition process, and procurement includes engines for T90 tanks, radar systems, and Varunastra torpedoes.More details
UPSC Angle: DAC approved eight capital acquisition proposals worth 54,000 crore rupees.
Key Facts:
- DAC approved eight capital acquisition proposals worth 54,000 crore rupees.
- Procurement includes 113,500 HP horsepower engine to upgrade the present 10,00 horsepower engines for the T90 tanks.
- Varunastra torpedoes will be procured for the Indian Navy.
DRDO Digital Information Dissemination and Website Updates
Focus: Routine news releases and administrative website policy notifications from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) throughout 2025.
UPSC Value: Understanding the frequency and nature of public communication and digital interface management by India's premier defense R&D agency.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-28 [Defense & Security] — DRDO News on 28 November 2025
DRDO provides updates and publications on their official website.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
- 2025-08-07 [Defense & Security] — DRDO News
DRDO, the Defence Research and Development Organisation, provided news updates on August 7, 2025, focusing on specialized cooperation and strategic partnerships. The organisation utilizes cookies on its website to enhance user experience, gather aggregated data, and display relevant content.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- DRDO
- Defence Research and Development Organisation
- August 7, 2025
- specialized cooperation
- strategic partnership
- cookies
- 2025-05-08 [Science & Technology] — DRDO News
DRDO published news on May 08, 2025, focusing on essential, functional, performance, and marketing cookies used on their website. It provides options to accept all cookies or customize preferences.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- DRDO
- May 08 2025
- 2025-04-29 [Science & Technology] — DRDO News
DRDO published news on April 29, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
- 2025-03-21 [Science & Technology] — DRDO News on March 21, 2025
DRDO issued a news release on March 21, 2025. The release mentions the use of essential, functional, performance, and marketing cookies on their website. Users can accept all cookies or customize their preferences.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- DRDO News released on March 21, 2025.
2025 Defence Procurement Reforms and Major Approvals
Focus: A cluster of events from 2025 detailing the Ministry of Defence's procedural reforms to streamline acquisition timelines and the Defence Acquisition Council's (DAC) subsequent approval of major capital procurement proposals.
UPSC Value: Useful for tracking the specific policy shifts (competitive bidding, timeline reduction) and the resulting big-ticket indigenous acquisitions under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2025-07-04 [Defense & Security] — DAC Approves ₹1.05 Lakh Crore Indigenous Defence Deals
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, approved 10 capital acquisition proposals worth ₹1.05 lakh crore through indigenous sources to enhance air defence and operational preparedness. Approvals include procurement of QRSAM systems for the Indian Army and equipment for naval and merchant vessel protection. The decision aligns with the 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' initiative, prioritizing indigenous design, development, and manufacturing.More details
UPSC Angle: DAC approves ₹1.05 Lakh Crore indigenous defence deals.
Key Facts:
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)
- ₹1.05 Lakh Crore
- Buy (Indian–Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured) (IDDM)
- DAC approved ₹1.05 lakh crore worth of indigenous defence acquisition proposals on July 3, 2025.
- Procurement of indigenous Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) systems worth ₹30,000 crore for the Indian Army was approved.
- AoNs were accorded for procurement of Moored Mines, Mine Counter Measure Vessels, Super Rapid Gun Mount and Submersible Autonomous Vessels.
- Approvals include Armoured Recovery Vehicles, Electronic Warfare System, Integrated Common Inventory Management System for the Tri-Services and Surface-to-Air Missiles.
- 2025-07-04 [Defense & Security] — Surface to air missiles, armoured vehicles procurement
The government has approved the purchase of surface-to-air missiles and armoured vehicles worth ₹1 lakh crore.More details
UPSC Angle: Procurement of surface-to-air missiles and armoured vehicles enhances defense capabilities.
Key Facts:
- ₹1 lakh crore for missiles, armoured vehicles
- 2025-03-06 [Defense & Security] — Defence Ministry Streamlines Weapon Procurement
The Ministry of Defence has formed a committee to expedite the procurement process of weapons and equipment for the armed forces, aiming to reduce the acquisition timeline by up to 50%. This initiative involves reforms in the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 and engagement with stakeholders from the armed forces and the private sector to ensure faster delivery of military equipment, addressing persistent concerns about delays. The Union Budget for FY 2025-26 has allocated ₹6,81,000 crore to the Ministry of Defence, with ₹1,80,000 crore earmarked for capital outlay on defence services, highlighting the need for optimal resource utilization through these procurement reforms.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Ministry streamlines weapon procurement to reduce timeline by 50%.
Key Facts:
- Committee led by Additional Secretary and Director General (Acquisition)
- Reforms in Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020
- Objective: Reduce procurement timeline by up to 50%
- FY 2025-26 defence budget allocation: ₹6,81,000 crore
- Capital outlay on defence services: ₹1,80,000 crore
- Capital acquisition allocation: ₹1,49,000 crore
- 2025-03-06 [Defense & Security] — Defence Ministry Expands Competitive Bidding for Weapons Procurement
The Indian Defence Ministry is planning to expand competitive bidding for weapons procurement to create a more level playing field for private firms. This shift aims to enhance the role of the private sector in defence production, aligning with the government's broader strategy to promote 'Atmanirbhar' or self-reliance in the defence sector. India's defence production has crossed the ₹1,00,000 crore mark, with defence exports estimated at around ₹16,000 crore for 2023-24.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Ministry expands competitive bidding for weapons procurement.
Key Facts:
- Defence production contracts are currently secured by Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) without a tendering process
- Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh highlighted the ministry's focus on expediting industrial licensing and improving the ease of doing business in defence
- Defence production has crossed the ₹1,00,000 crore mark
- Defence exports are estimated at around ₹16,000 crore for 2023-24
- Defence budget for 2024-25 is allocated at ₹6.21 lakh crore
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has projected that India's annual defence production could reach ₹3,00,000 crore and defence exports could reach ₹50,000 crore within the next four years
- 2025-03-06 [Defense & Security] — India Grants Initial Approval for $6 Billion Defence Purchases
India's defence acquisition council gave initial approval for arms and equipment worth more than 540 billion rupees ($6.26 billion) to enhance the capabilities of its armed forces. The approval includes the purchase of more powerful engines for Russian-origin T-90 battle tanks, additional anti-submarine torpedoes, and airborne early warning and control aircraft systems.More details
UPSC Angle: India approves $6.26 billion in defence purchases.
Key Facts:
- Defence acquisition council approved arms and equipment purchases worth 540 billion rupees ($6.26 billion).
- Includes purchase of more powerful engines for Russian-origin T-90 battle tanks.
- Includes purchase of additional anti-submarine torpedoes.
- Includes purchase of airborne early warning and control aircraft systems.
Strategic Defence Modernization and Policy Framework
Focus: A collection of major strategic defence acquisitions by the Indian Armed Forces alongside the overarching policy reform (DPM 2025) governing such procurements.
UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the multi-pronged approach to defence modernization, combining high-value asset acquisition (Rafale-M, GSAT-7B, Air Defence) with structural policy reforms.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-26 [Defense & Security] — GSAT-7B Procurement
The Government of India has entered into a nearly ₹3,000-crore agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) for the procurement of an advanced communication satellite, GSAT-7B. GSAT-7B will deliver high-throughput, secure communication services to the Army and is expected to be operational by 2026.More details
UPSC Angle: GSAT-7B procurement for advanced communication satellite capabilities.
Key Facts:
- Government of India has entered into a nearly ₹3,000-crore agreement with NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) for the procurement of an advanced communication satellite, GSAT-7B.
- GSAT-7B will deliver high-throughput, secure communication services to the Army.
- The satellite is expected to be operational by 2026.
- 2025-09-16 [Defense & Security] — India Unveils Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025
On September 14, 2025, India's Defence Ministry launched the Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 to streamline defence procurement, encourage domestic manufacturing, and ensure timely resource availability for the armed forces. The manual focuses on fostering jointness among the three services, promoting self-reliance, simplifying procurement rules, and leveraging technology for transparency and accountability. It aims to reduce import dependence and create opportunities for startups, academia, and private industries.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 launched to streamline procurement.
Key Facts:
- India's Defence Ministry unveiled the Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 on September 14, 2025
- DPM 2025 aims to simplify and streamline revenue procurement for the armed forces
- Revenue procurement is valued at around ₹1 lakh crore for the current fiscal year
- DPM 2025 encourages coordination among the three Services
- The DPM emphasizes indigenisation, innovation, and collaboration with public/private industries and academia
- No Liquidity Damages (LD) during the development phase
- Minimum LD of 0.1% post-prototype development, with maximum LD reduced to 5%, and 10% only for excessive delays
- Assured orders in terms of quantity to incentivize suppliers who make timely deliveries
- Competent financial authorities at field and lower formations can approve procurement
- Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025
- ₹1 lakh crore
- indigenisation
- innovation
- revenue procurements
- 2025-04-29 [Defense & Security] — India-France agreement on Rafale-M Jets
India and France have formalized an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) valued at nearly ₹64,000 crore for India to procure 26 Rafale-M fighter jets for the Indian Navy. Deliveries are expected to commence in mid-2028 and be completed by 2030. The agreement includes training for crew members in both France and India.More details
UPSC Angle: India-France agreement for 26 Rafale-M jets for Indian Navy.
Key Facts:
- Agreement value: ₹64,000 crore
- Number of Rafale-M jets: 26
- Delivery start: mid-2028
- Delivery completion: 2030
- Includes training of crew members in France and India
- India and France finalized an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for 26 Rafale-M fighter jets.
- The deal is valued at nearly ₹64,000 crore.
- The aircraft are for the Indian Navy.
- Deliveries are expected between mid-2028 and 2030.
- India and France finalized an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for procurement of 26 Rafale-M fighter jets.
- 2025-03-09 [Defense & Security] — Army's emergency procurement for air defence systems
The Indian Army is pursuing emergency procurement of very short-range air defense systems.More details
UPSC Angle: Indian Army pursuing emergency procurement of very short-range air defense systems.
Key Facts:
- Emergency procurement
- very short range air defence system
Winter 2025-2026 DRDO Strategic Weapons Testing Surge
Focus: A concentrated cluster of successful indigenous weapon trials (Pinaka, Pralay, MPATGM) conducted by DRDO within a specific two-week window at the turn of the year.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates a high operational tempo and readiness signaling in India's indigenous defence development program.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-13 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Flight-Tests MPATGM
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Army successfully conducted trials of the indigenous Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) Weapon System. The system includes the MPATGM, Launcher, Target Acquisition System, and Fire Control Unit. It is a third-generation 'fire and forget' missile incorporating advanced indigenous technologies.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO flight-tests indigenous Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile (MPATGM).
Key Facts:
- MPATGM is a third-generation, fire-and-forget missile
- Successfully flight-tested by DRDO
- Has top-attack capability against a moving target
- MPATGM is indigenously designed and developed by DRDO
- It is the third-generation “fire and forget” missile
- It features an Imaging Infrared (IIR) homing seeker
- Has an all-electric control actuation system
- Employs an advanced fire control system
- Utilizes a tandem warhead
- Includes a propulsion system and a high-performance sighting system
- Successful trials of indigenous Man Portable Anti-tank Guided Missile Weapon System conducted by DRDO & Indian Army
- System includes: MPATGM, Launcher, Target Acquisition System, Fire Control Unit
- Technologies: Imaging Infrared (IIR) homing seeker, all-electric control actuation system, advanced fire control system, tandem warhead, propulsion system and a high-performance sighting system
- Designed and developed by Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO)
- Third-generation “fire and forget” missile
- 2026-01-02 [Defense & Security] — Pralay Missile Clears User Evaluation Trials
India's newly developed Pralay missile has cleared user evaluation trials, paving the way for its early induction into the armed forces. The missile has a range of 150-500 km and can be launched from a mobile launcher with a payload capacity of 500-1,000 kg. It reaches terminal speeds of Mach 6.1 and can engage targets such as radar installations, command centers, and airstrips.More details
UPSC Angle: Pralay missile clears user trials, range 150-500 km.
Key Facts:
- Missile: Pralay
- Range: 150-500 km
- Payload Capacity: 500-1,000 kg
- Terminal Speed: Mach 6.1
- Launch: Mobile launcher
- Targets: Radar installations, command centers, and airstrips
- 2026-01-01 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Conducts Salvo Launch of Pralay Missile
DRDO successfully conducted a salvo launch of two Pralay missiles in quick succession from the same launcher off the Odisha coast, marking a key milestone in user evaluation trials. Pralay is an indigenously developed solid-propellant, quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile designed for high-precision conventional strikes.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO conducts salvo launch of Pralay missile.
Key Facts:
- Salvo launch of two Pralay missiles conducted by DRDO
- Location: Off the Odisha coast
- Pralay is an indigenously developed solid-propellant, quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile
- DRDO successfully conducted a salvo launch of two 'Pralay' missiles on January 1, 2026.
- The launch occurred at the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha.
- Defence Minister Rajnath Singh complimented DRDO, IAF, Indian Army, and defence PSUs.
- 2025-12-30 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Conducts Maiden Flight Test of Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket
DRDO successfully conducted the first flight test of the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR-120) at ITR Chandipur. The Pinaka LRGR-120 is an indigenously developed, precision-guided rocket variant of the Pinaka multi-barrel rocket system, designed for long-range, high-accuracy strikes.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO tests Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR-120).
Key Facts:
- DRDO conducted maiden flight test of Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR-120)
- Test conducted at ITR Chandipur
- Pinaka LRGR-120 is an indigenously developed rocket
- Designed for long-range, high-accuracy strikes
Modernization and Reform of India's Defence Procurement Framework (2025)
Focus: A series of administrative and policy actions in 2025 aimed at streamlining Indian military acquisitions through new manuals, procedures, and emergency powers.
UPSC Value: Critical for understanding 'Indigenization of Technology' and 'Internal Security' through the lens of defence administrative reforms and procurement cycles.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-26 [Defense & Security] — DAC Extends Emergency Procurement Powers Deadline
On December 26, 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) extended the deadline for defence forces to sign contracts under emergency procurement powers until January 15, 2026, to strengthen military capabilities. This extension, granted after the initial powers given post-Operation Sindoor, aims to facilitate timely acquisition of critical defence projects, with strict actions against delays.More details
UPSC Angle: DAC extended emergency procurement powers deadline to January 15, 2026.
Key Facts:
- Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) met on December 26, 2025
- Meeting was led by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
- Discussed Emergency Procurement (EP) for armed forces
- Navy seeks over 700 MR-SAM missiles
- Air Force plans to acquire over 600 Astra Mark-2 missiles
- MR-SAM has a range of about 70 km
- MR-SAM is jointly developed by DRDO and an Israeli firm, Bharat Dynamics (BDL) makes them
- DAC extended deadline for signing contracts under emergency procurement powers to January 15, 2026
- Original deadline was November 19
- Emergency procurement powers granted post-Operation Sindoor
- Around 20% of capital expenditure allotted to defence forces in the general budget has been allowed to be used for emergency buys
- 2025-10-25 [Defense & Security] — Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025
The Defence Minister released the Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 in New Delhi, effective from November 1, 2025, aiming to simplify revenue procurement procedures worth nearly ₹1 lakh crore annually. Replacing the DPM 2009, it standardizes procedures for acquiring essential goods and services for operational preparedness.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 released, effective Nov 1.
Key Facts:
- Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 released by Defence Minister in New Delhi
- Effective from November 1, 2025
- Aims to simplify revenue procurement procedures worth nearly ₹1 lakh crore annually
- Replaces the earlier DPM 2009
- Standardises procedures for acquiring essential goods and services for operational preparedness
- Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 released on October 23, 2025
- Governs defence procurement worth around Rs 1 lakh crore annually
- Liquidated damages for delayed deliveries relaxed, with a maximum of 10% for inordinate delays and only 0.1% per week for indigenised items
- Assured orders for items developed indigenously for up to five years or more
- Limited tender enquiries can be used for procurements up to Rs 50 lakh
- Requirement for 'No Objection Certificate' from the erstwhile Ordnance Factory Board removed
- Provisions made to account for 15% growth in repair and refit work for ships and aviation equipment to reduce downtime
- 2025-08-05 [Defense & Security] — DAC Approves Defence Proposals Worth ₹67,000 Crore
On August 5, 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved proposals worth approximately ₹67,000 crore for the modernization and enhancement of the Indian armed forces. These proposals include the procurement of thermal imager-based driver night sights for BMPs, compact autonomous surface crafts, BrahMos fire control systems and launchers, upgrades to the Barak-1 point defence missile system, mountain radars, remotely piloted aircraft, and maintenance contracts for C-17, C-130J fleets, and S-400 missile systems.More details
UPSC Angle: DAC approves defence proposals worth ₹67,000 crore.
Key Facts:
- DAC approved defence proposals worth approximately ₹67,000 crore on August 5, 2025.
- Proposals include Thermal Imager-based Driver Night Sight for BMP for the Indian Army.
- Compact Autonomous Surface Craft, BrahMos Fire Control System & Launchers and Upgradation of BARAK-1 Point Defence Missile System for the Indian Navy.
- Mountain Radars and Upgradation of SAKSHAM/SPYDER Weapon System for the Indian Air Force.
- Medium Altitude Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft for the three Services.
- Sustenance of C-17 and C-130J fleets and comprehensive annual maintenance contract of S-400 Long Range Air Defence Missile System.
- 2025-03-10 [Defense & Security] — Draft Defence Acquisition Procedure 2026 Focuses on 'Owned by India' Technologies
The draft Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP-2026) emphasizes the importance of defence technology owned by India, not just manufactured in India, to make the country a design powerhouse. The DAP seeks to prioritize the retention of source codes, critical design data, and upgrade authority within Indian entities and has sought comments from all stakeholders by March 3.More details
UPSC Angle: DAP-2026 focuses on 'Owned by India' defence technologies.
Key Facts:
- Draft Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP-2026)
- Owned by India
- Transfer of Technology (ToT)
- co-development
- intellectual property (IP) ownership
- March 3
2025 Milestones in DRDO's Indigenous Missile and Rocket Propulsion Systems
Focus: The successful testing and evaluation of diverse indigenous missile and rocket systems featuring advanced propulsion technologies such as dual-pulse motors and twin rocket systems.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the technical maturity of India's defense R&D in propulsion and guidance systems, crucial for the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative in strategic security.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-24 [Defense & Security] — DRDO completes user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system
DRDO successfully completed User Evaluation Trials (UET) of the Next Generation Akash (Akash-NG) missile system, meeting all PSQR requirements. Akash-NG is an indigenously developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system designed to intercept aerial threats like aircraft, drones, and cruise missiles. Key features include an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, and fully indigenous radars and C2 (Command & Control) system.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO completed user evaluation trials of Akash-NG missile system.
Key Facts:
- DRDO completed User Evaluation Trials (UET) of the Akash-NG missile system.
- Akash-NG is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system.
- Akash-NG is designed to intercept aircraft, drones, and cruise missiles.
- Akash-NG has an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker.
- Akash-NG has a dual-pulse solid rocket motor.
- Akash-NG has fully indigenous radars and a C2 (Command & Control) system.
- 2025-07-11 [Defense & Security] — Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR)
Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) successfully carried out from INS Kavaratti. The ERASR system can be fired from Indian naval warships that are equipped with Indigenous Rocket Launchers (IRLs) and it is designed for operational deployment.More details
UPSC Angle: Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR) successfully tested from INS Kavaratti.
Key Facts:
- Extended Range Anti-Submarine Rocket (ERASR)
- Successful test from INS Kavaratti
- Fired from Indian naval warships with Indigenous Rocket Launchers (IRLs)
- Twin rocket motor system for flexibility
- 2025-06-13 [Defense & Security] — DRDO's Hypersonic Cruise Missile Launch
India is preparing to launch the Extended Trajectory-Long Duration Hypersonic Cruise Missile (ET-LDHCM), developed by DRDO under Project Vishnu. This missile is expected to enhance India's strategic capabilities for rapid strikes and will place India among a select group of nations with hypersonic missile technology.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO's Hypersonic Cruise Missile (ET-LDHCM) launch under Project Vishnu.
Key Facts:
- Extended Trajectory-Long Duration Hypersonic Cruise Missile (ET-LDHCM)
- Developed under DRDO's Project Vishnu
- Rapid, precise, deep strikes into adversary territory
- Hypersonic missile technology
- United States, China, and Russia also possess operational hypersonic missile technology
- Innovation in aerospace, satellite launches, and disaster relief operations
- Catalysed participation from Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
2025 Milestones in DRDO's Indigenous Defense R&D
Focus: Successful testing and development phases of diverse indigenous defense technologies by DRDO, ranging from directed-energy weapons to precision-guided munitions and aerospace safety systems.
UPSC Value: Highlights the multi-sectoral progress of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' in defense, specifically focusing on the transition from prototype to testing of high-tech military hardware.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-04 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Successfully Tests Fighter Aircraft Escape System
On December 2, 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted a high-speed rocket-sled test of a fighter aircraft's emergency escape system at a controlled velocity of 800 kilometres per hour at the Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility at Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) in Chandigarh, Haryana.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO successfully tests fighter aircraft escape system.
Key Facts:
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted a high-speed rocket-sled test on December 2, 2025.
- Test was of a fighter aircraft's emergency escape system.
- Controlled velocity of 800 kilometres per hour (km/h).
- Location: Rail Track Rocket Sled (RTRS) facility at Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL) in Chandigarh, Haryana.
- 2025-07-25 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Successfully Tests UAV-Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted flight trials of the UAV-launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3 at the National Open Area Range (NOAR) in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. The missile, an enhanced version of ULPGM-V2, is equipped with a high-definition dual-channel seeker and can strike a variety of targets in plain and high-altitude areas.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO tests UAV-launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3.
Key Facts:
- DRDO successfully conducted flight trials of UAV-launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3.
- Trials held at National Open Area Range (NOAR) in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.
- ULPGM-V3 is an enhanced version of the ULPGM-V2.
- The missile is equipped with a high-definition dual-channel seeker.
- The missile can strike a wide variety of targets.
- The missile can be fired in plain and high-altitude areas.
- The missile was released from a UAV indigenously developed by Indian start-up Newspace Research Technologies, Bengaluru.
- Development-cum-production partners (DcPPs) Adani Defence and Bharat Dynamics Limited, Hyderabad as well as 30 MSMEs/start-ups contributed to the project.
- ULPGM-V3 also referred to as ULM-ER (extended-range variant).
- ULPGM-V3 features passive homing using an imaging infrared (IR) seeker, allowing for accurate engagement in both day and night conditions.
- The 12.5-kg fire-and-forget air-to-surface missile.
- The missile is powered by a compact dual-thrust solid propulsion unit, enabling it to reach a maximum range of 4 km during daytime operations and 2.5 km at night.
- It also incorporates a two-way datalink for communication and offers multiple warhead options to engage a variety of static and moving targets.
- 2025-03-13 [Defense & Security] — DRDO Developing Directed-Energy Laser Weapon 'Surya'
DRDO is developing a 300 kW Directed-Energy Weapon (DEW) laser, named Surya, with a range of 20 kilometers, designed to neutralize aerial threats such as drones and missiles. The Laser Science and Technology Centre, DRDO's lead laboratory for laser technology, is spearheading the project, representing a significant leap in power and capability compared to DRDO's previous 25-kilowatt laser.More details
UPSC Angle: DRDO developing 300kW Directed-Energy Weapon 'Surya' with 20km range.
Key Facts:
- DRDO is developing a 300 kW Directed-Energy Weapon (DEW) laser
- DEW laser named Surya
- Surya's range: 20 kilometers
- Surya is designed to neutralize aerial threats such as drones, missiles, and other airborne projectiles
- Laser Science and Technology Centre DRDO's lead laboratory is spearheading the project
- Previous DRDO laser: 25-kilowatt with a 5-7 km range
Strategic Defence Policy & Budgetary Framework
Focus: High-level administrative announcements regarding budget allocations, procurement manuals (DPM 2025), and emergency financial powers.
UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the fiscal and regulatory frameworks that govern the speed and transparency of defence procurement.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-10-09 [Defense & Security] — India's Defence Sector Expansion with New Procurement Manual
The Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025, a comprehensive update since 2009, is being rolled out to modernize acquisition frameworks, enhance transparency, and expedite procurement timelines to help India achieve self-reliance in defence production. The government has allocated ₹3,000 crores for smaller platforms and MSMEs under initiatives like iDEX. DPM 2025 aims to foster collaboration between PSUs, private industry, and MSMEs, decentralize supply chains, and enhance defence readiness, while also aiming to increase defence exports to ₹50,000 crore by the early 2030s.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 aims to modernize acquisition frameworks.
Key Facts:
- Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 is the first comprehensive update since 2009.
- ₹3,000 crores earmarked for smaller platforms and MSMEs.
- Domestic procurement has surged from ₹71,000 crores to ₹1,20,000 crores over the past three years.
- Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) expects its order intake to surpass ₹1 lakh crore in FY2025–26.
- Target defence exports of ₹50,000 crore by the early 2030s.
- 2025-06-24 [Defense & Security] — Defence Ministry approves ₹2,000 crore contracts for counter-terror ops
The Ministry of Defence has finalized 13 contracts worth ₹1,981.90 crore under the Emergency Procurement (EP) mechanism to boost the Indian Army's counter-terrorism capabilities. This move is in response to the overall sanctioned outlay of ₹2,000 crore for the Indian Army.More details
UPSC Angle: Defence Ministry approves contracts for counter-terror operations.
Key Facts:
- Ministry of Defence finalized 13 contracts
- Contracts worth ₹1,981.90 crore
- Emergency Procurement (EP) mechanism used
- Sanctioned outlay of ₹2,000 crore for the Indian Army
- 2025-04-24 [Defense & Security] — Indian Army's Procurement Deals Focus on Self-Reliance
The Indian Army has finalized procurement deals worth Rs 85,000 crore for 2024-2025, emphasizing self-reliance through the Make-in-India initiative. Of these contracts, the majority are sourced from domestic vendors, aiming to boost the Indian economy and generate employment. The total allocation towards defence for 2024-25 was Rs 6,21,541 crore, with a provision of Rs 6,81,210.27 crore for 2025-26.More details
UPSC Angle: Indian Army procurement deals emphasize self-reliance via Make-in-India.
Key Facts:
- Indian Army finalized procurement deals worth Rs 85,000 crore for 2024-2025.
- 26 capital procurement contracts were finalized, with only three sourced from foreign vendors.
- Army utilized Rs 35,000 crore, with 95% allocated to domestic sources.
- Total allocation towards defence was Rs 6,21,541 crore for 2024-25.
- Union Budget made a provision of Rs 6,81,210.27 crore for 2025-26 for the defence ministry.
- Allocation for defence capital expenditure for 2024-25 is Rs 1.72 lakh crore.
Explore More Current Affairs
Browse all current affairs themes and story arcs on our blog