Sunrise Economy and Industrial Modernization: UPSC Current Affairs Analysis & Study Strategy
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ExploreIn-Depth Analysis
The Big Picture
India's industrial strategy has pivoted from a generic manufacturing push (Make in India 1.0) to a 'Frontier-First' policy. The core objective is now 'Technological Sovereignty'—achieving global leadership in Green Hydrogen, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductors while simultaneously solving the 'Jobless Growth' paradox through Employment Linked Incentives (ELI). The strategy uses fiscal nudges (RDI funds, PLI 2.0) to convert the country from a global services hub into a deep-tech product nation.
Cross-Theme Insight
The 2025-26 policy landscape reveals a 'Hub-and-Spoke' modernization model. The 'Hubs' are the high-tech clusters (Quantum Hubs, Semiconductor Parks, Green Hydrogen Hubs) which drive global competitiveness. The 'Spokes' are the MSME and Artisan ecosystems (PM VIKAS, Vishwakarma, DLTT) that ensure inclusive growth. The bridge between them is the 'Digital Infrastructure'—ONDC for market access, TReDS for liquidity, and GHCI for green standards—shifting the state's role from a 'provider' to an 'ecosystem orchestrator'.
Textbook vs Reality Gap
Standard textbooks (e.g., Vivek Singh, 7th Ed) remain anchored in the 2020 MSME classification (Micro: ₹1cr/₹5cr) and the first phase of the National Monetisation Pipeline (FY 22-25). However, current policy has transitioned to the 'Asset Monetisation Plan 2.0 (2025-30)' with a revised ₹10 lakh crore target and the updated 2025 MSME limits (Micro: ₹2.5cr investment / ₹10cr turnover). Additionally, 'Productivity Linked Incentives' (PLI) are now being supplemented/superseded by 'Employment Linked Incentives' (ELI), a shift not yet detailed in static literature.
How This Theme Is Evolving
Policy focus has evolved from 'Subsidizing Production' (PLI 2021) to 'Catalyzing Innovation' (Anusandhan National Research Foundation/RDI Fund 2024-25) and 'Formalizing Livelihoods' (ELI and MSME credit guarantees). Geographically, the focus has shifted from national clusters to 'District-as-Export-Hubs' (ODOP/DLTT).
UPSC Exam Intelligence
Previous Year Question Pattern
Recent exams show a high-resolution focus on technology and governance instruments. IAS 2025 tested the 'Majorana 1 chip' (Quantum computing), while IAS 2022 and CDS 2024 repeatedly tested 'qubits'. CAPF 2024 (nid: 17419) demonstrated that the 'National Monetisation Pipeline' is no longer just a concept but is tested on its specific instruments (InvITs/PPPs) and sectoral targets (Roads/Railways).
Probable Prelims Angles
- Revised 2025 MSME limits: Micro (2.5/10), Small (25/100), Medium (50/250).
- Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF): Governance structure and funding (₹50,000 Cr).
- Green Hydrogen Certification (GHCI): Criteria for 'Green' vs 'Yellow/Blue' hydrogen.
- Quantum Mission Pillars: Quantum Communications, Computing, Sensing & Metrology.
- Nodal Agency for PM VIKAS: National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC).
Preparation Strategy
Key Connections
Sub-Themes and News Coverage (18 themes, 80 news items)
National Quantum Mission (NQM) Ecosystem
Focus: Policy goals, infrastructure development, and hardware research specifically established under the National Quantum Mission framework.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the multi-pronged implementation of the NQM through fabrication facilities, research hubs, and indigenous hardware development.
7 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-12 [Science & Technology] — India announces National Quantum Computing Research Hub
As of January 12, 2026, India announced a new National Quantum Computing Research Hub, backed by government investment, to consolidate research, attract talent, and accelerate the development of quantum technologies for civilian and defense applications. This initiative solidifies India's commitment to leading in advanced technological frontiers.More details
UPSC Angle: India announces National Quantum Computing Research Hub.
Key Facts:
- Initiative: National Quantum Computing Research Hub
- Objective: Accelerate quantum technology development for civilian and defense applications
- Backing: Substantial government investment
- Goals: Consolidate research, attract scientific talent
- Focus: Advanced technological frontiers
- 2025-12-05 [Science & Technology] — India Aims to Be a Top 3 Quantum Economy by 2035
India is aiming to be among the top three quantum economies by 2035, with a roadmap that includes deploying quantum technology across strategic sectors and achieving "quantum Atmanirbharta". The plan involves expanding the workforce, supporting startups, and leading international standard-setting in quantum technology. The National Quantum Mission (2023–2031) has a budget of ₹6000+ crore to support these goals.More details
UPSC Angle: India aims to be a top 3 quantum economy by 2035.
Key Facts:
- 2035: Target year for India to be among top 3 quantum economies
- 10+: Number of quantum startups expected to achieve USD 100M+ revenue
- 50%+: Targeted share of the global quantum software market
- Defence, healthcare, finance, mining, energy, national infrastructure: Sectors for quantum tech deployment
- Quantum Atmanirbharta: Goal for India to contribute to quantum hardware, materials, processors, cryogenic systems, and software stacks, while becoming a net exporter
- Vision for 2035: India Among Top 3 Quantum Economies
- USD 100M+ revenue: Target for 10+ quantum startups
- 50%+: Target for India's share of the global quantum software market
- Deployment Across Strategic Sectors: Defence, healthcare, finance, mining, energy and national infrastructure by 2035
- Quantum Atmanirbharta: Goal to achieve self-reliance by contributing to quantum hardware, materials, processors, cryogenic systems, and software stacks, while becoming a net exporter
- India aims to be among the top 3 quantum economies by 2035.
- National Quantum Mission (2023–2031) with ₹6000+ crore.
- Target of 10+ quantum startups achieving USD 100M+ revenue.
- Goal to capture over 50% of the global quantum software market.
- Two-Phase Milestone Plan (2025–30 & 2030–35) for setting up testbeds and sectoral pilots.
- 2025-11-30 [Science & Technology] — Quantum Fabrication Facilities under National Quantum Mission
The Indian government launched ₹720-Crore quantum fabrication facilities across IIT Bombay, IISc Bengaluru, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Delhi under the National Quantum Mission (NQM). These facilities will support quantum sensing, quantum computing, and quantum materials. They will be open to academia, industry, start-ups, and strategic sectors, enabling indigenous development of advanced quantum hardware.More details
UPSC Angle: Quantum fabrication facilities launched under National Quantum Mission (NQM).
Key Facts:
- ₹720-Crore quantum fabrication facilities launched
- Facilities located at IIT Bombay, IISc Bengaluru, IIT Kanpur, and IIT Delhi
- Launched under the National Quantum Mission (NQM)
- Facilities will support quantum sensing, quantum computing, and quantum materials
- 2025-11-15 [Science & Technology] — India Unveils Indigenous High-Precision Diode Laser
India has launched its first indigenous high-precision diode laser engineered for quantum communication and computing. It marks a major step in India's capability to build quantum-grade hardware and strengthen India's quantum ecosystem and enable quantum-safe digital infrastructure.More details
UPSC Angle: India unveils indigenous high-precision diode laser for quantum communication.
Key Facts:
- First indigenous high-precision diode laser engineered for quantum communication and computing
- Engineered for quantum technologies, scientific research, higher-education laboratories, and cutting-edge industrial applications
- 2025-11-13 [Science & Technology] — Indigenous Quantum Diamond Microscope Unveiled
IISc Bengaluru & DRDO-CAIR developed India's first indigenous Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM). The QDM uses Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds for ultra-sensitive magnetic field imaging at nanoscale. It strengthens the National Quantum Mission (NQM 2023–31) and has applications in chip inspection, material science, and quantum communication.More details
UPSC Angle: IISc & DRDO developed indigenous Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM).
Key Facts:
- Developed by: IISc Bengaluru & DRDO-CAIR
- Uses: Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds
- Applications: chip inspection, material science, quantum communication
- Supports: National Quantum Mission (NQM 2023–31)
- 2025-10-23 [Science & Technology] — QpiAI launches 25-qubit superconducting quantum computer
Bengaluru-based QpiAI announced the launch of one of India's most powerful quantum computers featuring 25 superconducting qubits. It integrates advanced quantum processors, next generation quantum HPC software platforms, and AI enhanced quantum solutions.More details
UPSC Angle: QpiAI launches 25-qubit superconducting quantum computer.
Key Facts:
- QpiAI
- quantum computer
- 25 superconducting cubits
- 2025-04-21 [Science & Technology] — National Quantum Mission Goal
The National Quantum Mission's (NQM) goal is to develop intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50–1000 qubits, targeting both fundamental research and real-world applications.More details
UPSC Angle: NQM aims to develop 50-1000 qubit quantum computers.
Key Facts:
- Qubit target: 50-1000.
National Green Hydrogen Mission Policy and Framework
Focus: Regulatory, financial, and diplomatic initiatives designed to support the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM), including certification, funding for innovation clusters, and international research cooperation.
UPSC Value: Highlights the multi-dimensional policy approach (fiscal, regulatory, and international) required to create a viable domestic and export market for green hydrogen.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-24 [Science & Technology] — India's Energy Shift Through Green Ammonia
India's energy transition is increasingly focusing on green hydrogen and its derivatives, with green ammonia emerging as a crucial pathway. Green ammonia is produced using green hydrogen and is emerging as a leading clean fuel for fertilizers, energy, and marine applications.More details
UPSC Angle: Green ammonia is produced using green hydrogen for energy transition.
Key Facts:
- Auction prices were about 40–50% lower than some international benchmarks, establishing strong price competitiveness and demonstrating the economic practicality of clean fuels.
- Prices ranged from ₹49.75–₹64.74 per kg (about $572–$744 per tonne).
- India's green ammonia auction under SECI's SIGHT programme (part of the National Green Hydrogen Mission) stands out for its scale and competitiveness.
- 2025-11-27 [Economy] — India Aims to Become Lowest-Cost Green Hydrogen Producer
India plans to reduce green hydrogen production costs from USD 4.5 to USD 1 per kg by 2030 under the National Green Hydrogen Mission. The mission, launched in January 2023 with an initial outlay of ₹19,744 crore until Financial Year 2029-30, aims for India to become the world's lowest-cost producer. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy through electrolysis, generating zero carbon emissions.More details
UPSC Angle: India aims to become lowest-cost green hydrogen producer by 2030.
Key Facts:
- India aims to cut green hydrogen production costs to USD 1 per kg by 2030.
- The National Green Hydrogen Mission was launched in January 2023.
- The mission has an initial outlay of ₹19,744 crore until Financial Year 2029-30.
- 2025-11-27 [Science & Technology] — India-Netherlands Cooperation in Green Hydrogen
The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is strengthening India-Netherlands cooperation in green hydrogen research and capacity building. Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources, and is central to India's National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023).More details
UPSC Angle: India-Netherlands cooperation in green hydrogen research.
Key Facts:
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- India-Netherlands cooperation
- green hydrogen
- National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023)
- 2025-11-14 [Science & Technology] — Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters receive funding
Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters (HVIC) are being developed across the country to demonstrate the green hydrogen value chain, with a total investment of ₹485 crore. The HVIC project aims to build a local hydrogen ecosystem by connecting supply and demand across sectors while fostering research and innovation.More details
UPSC Angle: Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters are being developed to demonstrate green hydrogen.
Key Facts:
- Total investment of ₹485 crore in Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters (HVIC)
- Clusters integrated under National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM)
- Aims to build a local hydrogen ecosystem
- 2025-11-08 [Environment & Ecology] — International Conference on Green Hydrogen
An International Conference on Green Hydrogen will occur to bring together global stakeholders to discuss increasing green hydrogen production, developing infrastructure, and creating markets under India's National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM). Green hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water using electricity from renewable sources.More details
UPSC Angle: International Conference on Green Hydrogen to increase production and develop infrastructure.
Key Facts:
- International Conference on Green Hydrogen
- Discuss increasing green hydrogen production
- Developing infrastructure and creating markets
- Under India's National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM)
- Green hydrogen produced through electrolysis of water using renewable energy
- 2025-04-30 [Environment & Ecology] — India's Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme (GHCI)
India has launched the Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme (GHCI) to certify green hydrogen based on emissions intensity, promote transparency, and align with the country's commitment to producing 5 MMT of green hydrogen by 2030. It aims to integrate with India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in 2026. The scheme intends to promote traceability and market credibility for green hydrogen.More details
UPSC Angle: India launches Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme (GHCI).
Key Facts:
- GHCI certifies green hydrogen based on emissions intensity
- Aims to produce 5 MMT of green hydrogen by 2030
- Will integrate with India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in 2026
- India launched the Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme of India (GHCI).
- GHCI verifies that hydrogen is produced exclusively using renewable energy.
- The objectives include certifying truly green hydrogen based on emissions intensity, promoting traceability, transparency, and market credibility, and aligning with India's commitment of 5 MMT green hydrogen production by 2030.
- The scheme integrates with India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (2026).
- India signed agreements to supply 4.12 lakh tonnes of green hydrogen derivatives to Japan and Singapore.
Comprehensive Support Ecosystem for Artisans and Informal Sector Livelihoods
Focus: Central government schemes focused on providing credit, skilling, and market linkages to traditional artisans, weavers, and micro-entrepreneurs.
UPSC Value: Analyzing the convergence of financial inclusion (MUDRA/NMDFC) and skill development (PM VIKAS/Vishwakarma) for the economic upliftment of vulnerable sections.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-04 [Schemes & Programs] — PM VIKAS Scheme Key Features
Under the PM VIKAS scheme, the National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC) is responsible for providing finance to the communities. The scheme also provides formal education and certification to school dropouts and market linkages through the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts, using the 'Hub and Spoke' model to establish Vishwakarma Villages.More details
UPSC Angle: Under PM VIKAS, NMDFC provides finance to minority communities.
Key Facts:
- Scheme: PM VIKAS
- Finance provider: National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC)
- Model: Hub and Spoke
- Villages: Vishwakarma Villages
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Minority Affairs
- 2025-09-19 [Schemes & Programs] — 2nd Anniversary of PM Vishwakarma Yojana
The Ministry of MSME organized a mega conclave in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, to mark the 2nd anniversary of the PM Vishwakarma Scheme, launched on 17th September 2023. The scheme supports traditional artisans and craftspeople.More details
UPSC Angle: 2nd Anniversary of PM Vishwakarma Yojana celebrated.
Key Facts:
- Ministry of MSME organised a mega conclave in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, to mark the 2nd anniversary of the PM Vishwakarma Scheme.
- PM Vishwakarma Scheme Launched on 17th September 2023.
- It is a Central Sector Scheme offering comprehensive support to traditional artisans and craftspeople involved in manual and tool-based work.
- 2025-08-10 [Schemes & Programs] — National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP)
The National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP) aims to promote sustainable growth of handloom weavers by forming self-reliant and competitive units. The Raw Material Supply Scheme (RMSS) supports weavers by ensuring the availability of quality yarn at affordable prices. The MUDRA Loan scheme offers subsidized loans to weavers through banks at a low interest rate of 6%.More details
UPSC Angle: National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP) promotes sustainable growth of handloom weavers.
Key Facts:
- National Handloom Development Programme (NHDP) promotes sustainable growth of handloom weavers
- Raw Material Supply Scheme (RMSS) ensures availability of quality yarn
- MUDRA Loan offers subsidized loans to weavers at 6% interest
- 2025-06-19 [Schemes & Programs] — Govt. Expands PM-SURAJ to Urban Informal Sector
The government has extended the PM-SURAJ (Support for Urban and Rural Artisans and Job-seekers) scheme to include gig and informal workers in urban areas. The scheme offers micro-credit and skilling support, interest subvention, and market linkage, integrating with digital platforms to support urban livelihood resilience and financial inclusion.More details
UPSC Angle: Govt. Expands PM-SURAJ to Urban Informal Sector.
Key Facts:
- PM-SURAJ scheme extended to gig and informal workers in urban areas.
- Micro-credit and skilling support for self-employed and gig workers.
- Interest subvention and market linkage for artisans and vendors.
- Integration with digital platforms for access to benefits.
- 2025-03-25 [Schemes & Programs] — PM VIKAS Scheme
The Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) is a Central Sector Scheme by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. It focuses on the upliftment of six notified minority communities: Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Jains, and Zorastrians (Parsis). The scheme merges five previous schemes: 'Seekho Aur Kamao', 'Nai Manzil', 'Nai Roshni', 'USTTAD', and 'Hamari Dharohar'.More details
UPSC Angle: PM VIKAS scheme focuses on upliftment of six notified minority communities.
Key Facts:
- PM VIKAS: Central Sector Scheme by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
- Beneficiaries: Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, Jains, and Zorastrians (Parsis).
- Merged Schemes: 'Seekho Aur Kamao', 'Nai Manzil', 'Nai Roshni', 'USTTAD', and 'Hamari Dharohar'.
- Key Focus Areas: Skilling and Training, Women Leadership and Entrepreneurship.
- 2025-03-12 [Schemes & Programs] — PM MUDRA Yojana
MUDRA, a financial institution set up by the government, provides funding to the small business sector through institutions like Scheduled commercial banks, NBFCs, and MFIs. MUDRA is a refinancing Institution and does not lend directly to micro-entrepreneurs / individuals. The PM Mudra Yojana offers loans for income-generating activities in sectors such as manufacturing, trading, and agriculture.More details
UPSC Angle: MUDRA provides funding to small businesses through various institutions.
Key Facts:
- The udyamimitra portal has been introduced to facilitate online loan applications.
Comprehensive Policy & Financial Strengthening of MSMEs
Focus: A collection of structural definitions, status reports, and financial interventions (equity, funds, gender budget) specifically aimed at bolstering the MSME sector around the 2026 fiscal cycle.
UPSC Value: Useful for analyzing the multi-pronged government approach (definition, gender, credit, equity) to MSME formalization and growth.
6 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-01 [Economy] — Union Budget 2026-27: MSME Support
The Union Budget 2026-27 aims to revive 200 legacy industrial clusters for technology upgradation. It includes a ₹10,000 crore SME Growth Fund and a ₹2,000 crore top-up for the Self-Reliant India Fund. TReDS is mandated for all CPSE purchases from MSMEs and linked with GeM.More details
UPSC Angle: Union Budget: ₹10,000 crore SME Growth Fund announced.
Key Facts:
- SME Growth Fund: ₹10,000 crore
- Self-Reliant India Fund Top-Up: ₹2,000 crore
- TReDS Mandate: For all CPSE purchases from MSMEs
- Corporate Mitras: Training para-professionals in Tier II/III towns to help MSMEs with compliance
- 2026-01-22 [Economy] — Union Cabinet Approves Equity Support for SIDBI
The Union Cabinet has approved equity support of Rs. 5,000 crore to Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI). SIDBI was set up on 2nd April, 1990 by the Government of India under an act of the Parliament. It is mandated to serve as the Principal Financial Institution for promotion, financing and development of the MSME sector.More details
UPSC Angle: Union Cabinet approves equity support for SIDBI.
Key Facts:
- Union Cabinet approved equity support of Rs. 5,000 crore to SIDBI.
- SIDBI was set up on 2nd April, 1990.
- The Union Cabinet approved an equity infusion of ₹5,000 crore into SIDBI.
- SIDBI is the principal financial institution for MSME sector promotion.
- MSMEs contribute nearly 30% to India's GDP.
- MSMEs contribute approximately 45.7% of total exports.
- 2026-01-11 [Economy] — India's Ease of Doing Business Push
India is pushing for greater ease of doing business (EoDB) through initiatives in the Union Budget 2026-2027, including simplification of regulatory processes, enhancing dispute avoidance, and customs reforms. The plan includes the creation of "champion" MSMEs and the scaling up of manufacturing.More details
UPSC Angle: India pushing for greater ease of doing business.
Key Facts:
- Union Budget 2026-2027 includes a push for ease of doing business
- Simplification of regulatory processes and enhancing dispute avoidance are key aspects
- Customs reforms are planned to make operations more digital and user-centric
- ₹10,000 crore SME Growth Fund for MSMEs
- India is scheduled for the World Bank's B-READY assessment in 2026
- Over 47,000 compliance items have been reduced in the past five years
- 16,109 compliances were simplified, 22,287 compliances were digitized
- The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 decriminalizes 183 provisions under 42 Acts
- 2026-01-01 [Economy] — MSME Sector Achievements in 2025
In 2025, the MSME sector in India saw 7.3 crore registrations, supported by credit schemes like PMEGP and CGTMSE. The sector contributes significantly to GDP, employment, and exports, but faces challenges like credit gaps and regulatory burdens.More details
UPSC Angle: MSME sector's contribution to GDP, employment, and exports.
Key Facts:
- Over 7.30 crore enterprises registered on the Udyam Registration Portal and Udyam Assist Platform (UAP) by December 2025.
- Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) generated estimated employment for over 87 lakh persons since inception.
- Credit Guarantee Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE) approved over 29 lakh guarantees for ₹3.77 lakh crore (since inception).
- MSMEs contribute around 30% to GDP and 36% to manufacturing output.
- MSMEs provide livelihoods for over 12 crore people.
- MSMEs account for nearly 45% of India's total exports.
- 2025-10-24 [Economy] — MSME Gender Budgeting Focus
The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has increased its gender-sensitive allocations from ₹2,466.57 crore (RE 2024–25) to ₹2,821.08 crore (BE 2025–26) in the 2025–26 Gender Budget Statement.More details
UPSC Angle: MSME increases gender-sensitive allocations in Gender Budget.
Key Facts:
- Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) increased gender-sensitive allocations
- Allocations raised from ₹2,466.57 crore (RE 2024–25) to ₹2,821.08 crore (BE 2025–26)
- In the 2025–26 Gender Budget Statement
- 2025-03-24 [Economy] — Revision of MSME Definition
The Government of India has revised the MSME classification criteria, effective April 1, 2025, increasing investment and turnover limits. Micro Enterprises now have a ₹2.5 Cr investment and ₹10 Cr turnover limit, Small Enterprises have ₹25 Cr investment and ₹100 Cr turnover, and Medium Enterprises have ₹125 Cr investment and ₹500 Cr turnover. This revision aims to enhance business opportunities and financial flexibility.More details
UPSC Angle: Revised MSME definition effective April 1, 2025, increases investment/turnover limits.
Key Facts:
- Amended by the Ministry of MSME under Section 7 of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006
- New revision is effective from April 1, 2025
- Effective date: April 1, 2025.
- Micro Enterprises: ₹2.5 Cr investment, ₹10 Cr turnover.
- Small Enterprises: ₹25 Cr investment, ₹100 Cr turnover.
- Medium Enterprises: ₹125 Cr investment, ₹500 Cr turnover.
- Effective from April 1, 2025
- Investment limit raised from ₹1 crore to ₹2.5 crore for Micro Enterprises; Turnover limit increased from ₹5 crore to ₹10 crore
- Investment threshold increased from ₹10 crore to ₹25 crore for Small Enterprises; Turnover ceiling raised from ₹50 crore to ₹100 crore
- Investment limit revised from ₹50 crore to ₹125 crore for Medium Enterprises; Turnover limit doubled from ₹250 crore to ₹500 crore
- Section 7 of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006
Viksit Bharat Livelihood and Skilling Ecosystem
Focus: Operational schemes, funding partnerships, and governance workshops aimed at livelihood generation, skill development, and employment under the Viksit Bharat agenda.
UPSC Value: Useful for tracking specific policy interventions (PM VIKAS, Rozgar Yojana), international funding, and implementation strategies for employment and skilling targets.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-05 [Schemes & Programs] — PM-Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) Scheme
The Union Budget 2026-27 has allocated fresh funding to the PM-Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme, a Central Sector Scheme officially launched in 2025 for the skill development and upliftment of minority communities. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs through the Skill India Mission framework.More details
UPSC Angle: Budget allocates funding to PM-Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme.
Key Facts:
- Launched in 2025
- For skill development and upliftment of minority communities
- Implemented by the Ministry of Minority Affairs
- Comprises four components – Skilling, Entrepreneurship, Education, and Infrastructure Development
- Subsumes five schemes – Seekho Aur Kamao, USTTAD, Hamari Dharohar, Nai Roshni and Nai Manzil
- 2026-01-30 [International Relations] — India-World Bank Partnership for Growth
The World Bank Group (WBG) and the Government of India announced a new Country Partnership Framework (CPF) to accelerate India's growth and support its vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047. The partnership focuses on private sector-led job creation and will support it with $8–10 billion in annual financing over the next five years.More details
UPSC Angle: India and World Bank announce new Country Partnership Framework for growth.
Key Facts:
- New Country Partnership Framework (CPF) between World Bank Group (WBG) and Government of India.
- Aims to support India's vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.
- Focus is on private sector–led job creation.
- Will provide $8–10 billion in annual financing over the next five years.
- 2025-10-17 [Schemes & Programs] — National Conclave on Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is organizing the National Conclave on Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan on October 17, 2025, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, to empower grassroots governance for Viksit Bharat@2047. The conclave will celebrate Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh and focus on "Tribal Village Vision 2030," with thematic groups deliberating on Education & Skill Development, Health & Nutrition, Livelihood & Entrepreneurship, Infrastructure, and Financial Inclusion.More details
UPSC Angle: National Conclave on Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan to empower grassroots governance.
Key Facts:
- National Conclave on Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan to be held on October 17, 2025, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
- Organized by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs
- Conclave forms a central event under Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh (November 15, 2024 – November 15, 2025)
- Focus: Tribal Village Vision 2030
- Launched by the Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 17th September 2025 at Dhar, Madhya Pradesh
- 2025-08-28 [Schemes & Programs] — Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme
The PM VIKAS Scheme, a central sector scheme under the Ministry of Minority Affairs, provides skill development, leadership training, and entrepreneurship to minorities and artisan communities. It is expected to benefit around 9 lakh candidates during the 15th Finance Commission Cycle (2025-26).More details
UPSC Angle: PM VIKAS scheme provides skill development to minorities and artisans.
Key Facts:
- Launched under the Ministry of Minority Affairs
- Provides skill development, leadership training and entrepreneurship to minorities and artisan communities
- Expected to benefit around 9 lakh candidates during the 15th Finance Commission Cycle (2025-26)
- 2025-08-16 [Schemes & Programs] — Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana
The Prime Minister launched the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana, a ₹1 lakh crore corpus designed to boost job creation. Under this scheme, first-time private sector employees will receive a one-time grant of ₹15,000, while private employers will be incentivised to generate jobs. The scheme aims to support creation of over 3.5 crore jobs in two years.More details
UPSC Angle: PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana: ₹1 lakh crore for job creation.
Key Facts:
- ₹1 lakh crore corpus
- First-time private sector employees will receive a one-time grant of ₹15,000
- Incentives to private firms for new job creation
- Aims to support creation of over 3.5 crore jobs in two years
- Employees with salaries up to Rs 1 lakh will be eligible for the incentives
- Government will incentivize employers, up to Rs 3000 per month, for two years, for each additional employment, sustained for at least six months
- For the manufacturing sector, incentives will be extended to the 3rd and 4th years as well
Capital Mobilization for Sunrise and Green Sectors
Focus: Initiatives and trends focused on financing India's transition to new economy sectors through specific funds, FDI, and banking mechanisms.
UPSC Value: Highlights the diverse financial instruments (VC funds, Green Bonds, International Climate Finance) being deployed to meet India's investment targets for 2030.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-01 [Economy] — SBI Launches CHAKRA CoE for Sunrise Sectors
State Bank of India (SBI) launched 'CHAKRA' – Centre of Excellence (CoE) to finance sunrise sectors critical to India's economic transformation. CHAKRA will function as a knowledge-driven platform to facilitate funding for technology-led and sustainability-focused industries, and aims to integrate India into the global value chain and accelerate progress toward Net Zero goals.More details
UPSC Angle: SBI launched 'CHAKRA' CoE to finance sunrise sectors.
Key Facts:
- Launched by: State Bank of India (SBI)
- Focus: Financing sunrise sectors critical to India's economic transformation
- Sectors: Renewables, Data Centres, E-Mobility & Charging Infra, Advanced Cell Chemistry / Battery, Semiconductors, Green Hydrogen and Ammonia, Decarbonization, Smart Infrastructure
- Expected Investment: INR 100 lakh crore by 2030
- 2025-12-30 [Economy] — India's Clean Energy Sector Investments and Goals
India's clean energy sector is experiencing strong investment momentum, with $3.4 billion FDI in the first nine months of FY2025, accounting for over 80% of total power sector inflows. The nation is progressing towards its 500 GW non-fossil capacity target by 2030 and is pushing for green hydrogen production of 5 million metric tonnes annually by 2030.More details
UPSC Angle: India's clean energy sector attracts $3.4 billion FDI in FY25.
Key Facts:
- Clean energy attracted $3.4 billion FDI in the first nine months of FY2025
- Clean energy FDI accounts for over 80% of total power sector inflows
- India progressing towards 500 GW non-fossil capacity target by 2030
- National Green Hydrogen Mission targets 5 million metric tonnes annually by 2030
- 2025-11-12 [Science & Technology] — IN-SPACe and SIDBI launch ₹1,000 Crore Venture Capital Fund
IN-SPACe and SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL) have signed a Contribution Agreement to operationalise a ₹1,000 crore Venture Capital Fund for India's private space sector, approved by SEBI. The fund will provide early-stage and growth capital to startups working in areas such as launch technologies, satellites, payload systems, in-space services, earth observation, and communication platforms.More details
UPSC Angle: IN-SPACe and SIDBI launch ₹1,000 Cr Venture Capital Fund for space sector.
Key Facts:
- ₹1,000 crore Venture Capital Fund for India's private space sector
- Fund approved by SEBI
- Fund to be deployed over five years from 2025 to 2030
- Investment ranging between Rs. 10 crores and Rs. 60 crores per company
- Aims to support about 40 startups across different stages of growth
- Annual disbursement expected to start with Rs. 150 crores in Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26)
- 2025-10-12 [Environment & Ecology] — India's Clean Energy and Climate Finance
India added 24.5 GW of solar capacity in 2024, becoming the 3rd largest contributor globally after China and the U.S.. The National Clean Energy Fund uses coal cess revenue for clean tech R&D and deployment. The National Adaptation Fund supports climate resilience projects in vulnerable states.More details
UPSC Angle: India added 24.5 GW of solar capacity in 2024.
Key Facts:
- India added 24.5 GW of solar capacity in 2024
- India 3rd largest contributor globally after China and the U.S.
- India's Net Zero target by 2070
- Panchamrit targets — achieving 500 GW of renewables by 2030
- National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) uses coal cess revenue for clean tech R&D and deployment
- National Adaptation Fund (NAFCC) supports climate resilience projects in vulnerable states
- Sovereign Green Bonds introduced in Budget 2022-23 to finance green public infrastructure
- NABARD's 2030 strategy broadens rural green finance and resource mobilisation
- 2025-07-05 [Environment & Ecology] — Green Climate Fund Approves USD 200 Million for Clean Energy in India
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) approved USD 200 million for a new Asian Development Bank (ADB)-led programme that aims to unlock large-scale public and private investment in high-impact and emerging clean energy sectors in India.More details
UPSC Angle: Green Climate Fund approves USD 200 million for clean energy in India.
Key Facts:
- Funding: USD 200 million
- Approved by: Green Climate Fund (GCF)
- Programme led by: Asian Development Bank (ADB)
- Objective: Unlock investment in clean energy sectors in India
Digital and District-Led MSME Empowerment Initiatives
Focus: A cluster of government schemes (ONDC, ODOP, DLTT, Vocal for Local) aimed at democratizing market access for MSMEs and artisans through digital platforms and district-level planning.
UPSC Value: Studying these together reveals the government's comprehensive strategy to formalize the informal sector, boost local exports, and reduce e-commerce monopolies via DPIIT and NITI Aayog frameworks.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-24 [Economy] — One District One Product (ODOP) Initiative
The One District One Product (ODOP) initiative has completed 8 years of impact by promoting traditional industries. Spearheaded by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), the ODOP initiative aims to unlock each district's unique economic potential, drive balanced regional growth, and equip local artisans to compete in national and global markets. Products are selected by States and Union Territories based on the existing ecosystem on the ground, and the final list is communicated to the DPIIT.More details
UPSC Angle: One District One Product (ODOP) initiative completed 8 years.
Key Facts:
- One District One Product (ODOP)
- 8 years of transformative impact
- Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)
- 2026-01-09 [Economy] — District-Led Textiles Transformation (DLTT) Plan
The District-Led Textiles Transformation (DLTT) initiative is a program to drive inclusive, sustainable, and export-oriented growth in the textile sector by decentralizing policy execution to districts, strengthening MSMEs, formalizing the workforce, and creating globally competitive clusters. The initiative aims to transform 100 high-potential districts into Global Export Champions and develop 100 Aspirational Districts as self-reliant textile hubs.More details
UPSC Angle: District-Led Textiles Transformation (DLTT) initiative for textile sector growth.
Key Facts:
- District-Led Textiles Transformation initiative promotes inclusive and sustainable growth in the textile sector.
- Aims to transform 100 high-potential districts into Global Export Champions.
- Aims to develop 100 Aspirational Districts as self-reliant textile hubs.
- Data-driven approach based on export performance, MSME ecosystem, and workforce presence.
- Uses a data-driven approach based on export performance, MSME ecosystem, and workforce presence.
- 2026-01-08 [Economy] — ONDC Initiative Objectives
The ONDC initiative aims to democratize commerce, empower small businesses, and expand the digital marketplace by breaking the dominance of large e-commerce platforms and enabling interoperability across networks. It promotes open networks for all aspects of the exchange of goods and services over digital or electronic networks.More details
UPSC Angle: ONDC aims to democratize commerce and empower small businesses.
Key Facts:
- Democratization of Commerce: Break the dominance of large e-commerce platforms by enabling interoperability across networks.
- Inclusivity: Empower small businesses, retailers, and local artisans to access the digital marketplace.
- Cost Efficiency: Lower the cost of customer acquisition and transaction processing for sellers.
- 2025-12-02 [Economy] — DPIIT's E-Commerce Initiative for MSMEs
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is running an initiative empowering MSMEs with digital tools and guidance to utilize e-commerce marketplaces. With an outlay of Rs. 277.35 Cr. for 3 years (2024-2027), the initiative supports MSMEs' access to different markets by integrating them with e-commerce platforms. All Udyam-registered Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) under manufacturing and services sectors are eligible for benefits under the Initiative.More details
UPSC Angle: DPIIT initiative empowers MSMEs with digital tools for e-commerce.
Key Facts:
- Initiative empowers MSMEs with digital tools for e-commerce
- Outlay: Rs. 277.35 Cr. for 3 years from 2024 to 2027
- Eligible: Udyam-registered Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in manufacturing and services
- 2025-09-02 [Economy] — 'Vocal for Local' Initiative
Launched by NITI Aayog under its Aspirational Blocks Programme in 2024, the 'Vocal for Local' initiative promotes locally made products, artisans, and industries to boost India's economy and reduce import dependency. Government platforms like GeM and ONDC actively promote local procurement and showcase indigenous innovations.More details
UPSC Angle: 'Vocal for Local' initiative promotes locally made products.
Key Facts:
- Launched by: NITI Aayog
- Under: Aspirational Blocks Programme
- Inspiration: Swadeshi Movement
Electronics and Semiconductor Incentive Ecosystem
Focus: Specific updates regarding the cluster of schemes (ECMS, SPECS, DLI) designed to build India's semiconductor and electronic component supply chain.
UPSC Value: Highlights the granular policy push for high-tech manufacturing beyond general PLI, focusing on design and component-level indigenization.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-05 [Schemes & Programs] — DLI Scheme Incentives for Semiconductor Design
The Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme offers financial incentives and infrastructure support for semiconductor design, including reimbursement of up to 50% of eligible expenditure, capped at ₹15 crore per application for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, Systems on Chips (SoCs), Systems & IP Cores, and Semiconductor-linked designs.More details
UPSC Angle: DLI scheme offers incentives for semiconductor design.
Key Facts:
- Product Design Linked Incentive: Reimbursement of up to 50% of eligible expenditure
- Reimbursement cap: ₹15 crore per application
- Eligible entities: involved in semiconductor design for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, Systems on Chips (SoCs), Systems & IP Cores, Semiconductor-linked designs
- 2025-10-17 [Economy] — Government Approves Policy to Promote Domestic Semiconductor Startups
The Union Cabinet approved a ₹12,000 crore incentive plan for semiconductor design and fabrication startups. The move aims to boost local chip manufacturing and reduce dependence on imports.More details
UPSC Angle: Government approves ₹12,000 crore policy to promote domestic semiconductor startups.
Key Facts:
- ₹12,000 crore incentive plan approved
- For semiconductor design and fabrication startups
- Aims to boost local chip manufacturing
- 2025-10-02 [Economy] — Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Sees Strong Response
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology announced that the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) has received 249 applications for incentives, surpassing the targets set by the Union Cabinet. This indicates a positive response to the scheme aimed at boosting electronics manufacturing in India.More details
UPSC Angle: Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) receives strong response.
Key Facts:
- Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS)
- Received 249 applications
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
- 2025-05-19 [Economy] — Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme
The Government of India has received 70 applications, with 80% from small and medium enterprises (SMEs), for its Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme, which aims to boost domestic manufacturing and technological innovation through initiatives like Make in India, Digital India, and Startup India. The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme is intended to attract large investments in mobile phone manufacturing and specified electronic components, including Assembly, Testing, Marking and Packaging (ATMP) units.More details
UPSC Angle: 70 applications received for Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme.
Key Facts:
- 70 applications received for Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme
- 80% of applications from SMEs
- Aims to promote domestic manufacturing
- Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI) included
- Focus on Assembly, Testing, Marking and Packaging (ATMP) units
- 2025-04-10 [Economy] — Increased Budget for Electronics Manufacturing
The allocation for electronics manufacturing has risen from ₹5,747 crore in FY 2024-25 to ₹8,885 crore in FY 2025-26, along with government initiatives including the Semicon India Program (2021) with a financial allocation of ₹76,000 crore to promote the domestic semiconductor industry, and the Scheme for Promotion of Manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductors (SPECS) (2021) which provides a 25% financial incentive for capital expenditure in electronic goods manufacturing.More details
UPSC Angle: Increased budget for electronics manufacturing and Semicon India Program.
Key Facts:
- allocation for electronics manufacturing has risen from ₹5,747 crore in FY 2024-25 to ₹8,885 crore in FY 2025-26
- Semicon India Program (2021): ₹76,000 crore
- SPECS (2021): 25% financial incentive
Private Sector R&D Funding Ecosystem
Focus: Government schemes, funds, and conclaves (RDI Scheme, ESTIC, EDF) designed to catalyze private sector investment in research and deep-tech innovation.
UPSC Value: Useful for understanding the structural shift in India's science policy from public-funded to private-led R&D via financial incentives.
5 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-17 [Schemes & Programs] — BIRAC–RDI Fund Launched to Boost Biotech Sector
Union Minister Jitendra Singh launched the first ₹2,000 crore national call for the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) – Research, Development & Innovation (RDI) Fund in New Delhi. The fund aims to boost the biotechnology sector in India.More details
UPSC Angle: BIRAC–RDI Fund launched to boost biotech sector with ₹2,000 crore.
Key Facts:
- Fund: BIRAC–RDI Fund
- Amount: ₹2,000 crore
- Launched by: Union Minister Jitendra Singh
- Ministry: Ministry of Science & Technology
- Location: New Delhi
- 2025-12-06 [Science & Technology] — Emerging Science and Technology Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will launch a ₹1 lakh crore fund on Monday to promote private sector-driven investments in research and development, as he inaugurates the first Emerging Science and Technology Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 in the capital. ESTIC has been described as a flagship government event in the field of science and technology and will be held annually. The ₹1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund, seeks to promote a private sector-led R&D framework.More details
UPSC Angle: PM to launch ₹1 lakh crore fund for private sector R&D investments.
Key Facts:
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi will launch a ₹1 lakh crore fund to promote private sector-driven investments in research and development
- First Emerging Science and Technology Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 in the capital
- The ₹1 lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund, seeks to promote a private sector-led R&D framework
- India International Science Festival (IISF), to be held at Panjab University, Chandigarh, from December 6 to 9
- 2025-11-15 [Economy] — Electronics Development Fund Objectives
The Electronics Development Fund, launched in 2016, aims to promote research, development, and entrepreneurship in electronics, nano-electronics, and information technology. It functions as a Fund of Funds, investing in Daughter Funds registered in India and complying with SEBI regulations.More details
UPSC Angle: Electronics Development Fund promotes R&D in electronics and IT.
Key Facts:
- Launched on February 15, 2016
- Promotes research, development, and entrepreneurship in electronics, nano-electronics, and information technology
- Functions as a Fund of Funds
- Invests in Daughter Funds registered in India and complying with SEBI (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012
- 2025-11-03 [Science & Technology] — Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave 2025
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 on November 3rd, launching a ₹1 Lakh Crore Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund to promote private sector-driven research and development. The conclave, held from November 3–5, brought together over 3,000 participants from academia, research institutions, industry, and government, including Nobel Laureates and scientists, to discuss advancements across 11 key thematic areas. The RDI Fund aims to accelerate breakthrough technologies and advance the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.More details
UPSC Angle: ₹1 Lakh Crore RDI Scheme launched at ESTIC 2025.
Key Facts:
- ₹1 Lakh Crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund
- Launched at Emerging Science, Technology and Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 in New Delhi
- Outlay of Rs 1 lakh crore over 6 years
- Rs 20,000 crore allocated for FY 2025–26
- Funded from the Consolidated Fund of India
- Department of Science and Technology (DST) is the nodal department
- Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme launched on November 3, 2025
- Total outlay of ₹1 lakh crore over six years
- ₹20,000 crore allocated for FY 2025-26
- Aims to catalyze private sector investment in R&D
- Supports transformative, high-TRL projects
- Facilitates Deep-Tech Fund of Funds
- Priority areas include energy security and transition, climate action, quantum technologies, robotics, AI, biotechnology, health, space, and the digital economy
- Aligned with Viksit Bharat 2047
- Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme launched on 03 November 2025
- The Scheme envisages a corpus of ₹1 lakh crore over a period of six years
- Includes provisions for supporting Deep-Tech Funds of Funds
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated ESTIC 2025 on November 3, 2025.
- Launched ₹1 Lakh Crore Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund.
- The RDI scheme aims to promote a private sector-driven research and development ecosystem.
- ESTIC 2025 was held from November 3–5, 2025.
- Over 3,000 participants attended ESTIC 2025.
- 11 key thematic areas were discussed.
- The RDI Fund aims to accelerate breakthrough technologies.
- The RDI Fund advances the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.
- 2025-07-03 [Science & Technology] — Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme
The Union Cabinet approved the Research Development and Innovation (RDI) scheme with a corpus of Rs. 1 lakh crore to bolster India's research and innovation ecosystem. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) is the nodal ministry. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), chaired by the Prime Minister, provides strategic direction, while an Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS) led by the Cabinet Secretary provides policy oversight.More details
UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves RDI scheme with Rs. 1 lakh crore corpus.
Key Facts:
- RDI scheme approved with a corpus of Rs. 1 lakh crore
- Nodal Ministry: Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- Strategic Direction: Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), chaired by the Prime Minister
- Policy Oversight: Empowered Group of Secretaries (EGoS) led by Cabinet Secretary
- Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme
- ₹1 lakh crore corpus
- Approved by Union Cabinet
- Long-term financing for private sector R&D investment
- Launched at ESTIC 2025 on 3 November 2025
- ₹20,000 crore in FY 2025-26
- Supports transformative, high-TRL projects
- Supports acquisition of critical technologies
- Supports creation of Deep-Tech Funds
- Priority areas: energy security and transition, climate action, quantum technologies, robotics, AI, biotechnology, health, space, digital economy
Strategic Infrastructure Financing & Monetization
Focus: Mechanisms for mobilizing large-scale capital for general infrastructure projects via multilateral loans, sovereign funds, and asset monetization.
UPSC Value: Highlights the diverse financial instruments (NIIF, NMP, External Commercial Borrowings) India employs to bridge its infrastructure deficit.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-01-05 [Economy] — Airport Asset Monetisation Plan
India's Asset Monetisation Plan 2025–30 aims to mobilize ₹10 lakh crore, following the National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) target of ₹6 lakh crore for FY 2022–25, which achieved 88.3%. Renewed policy focus is being given to aviation as it has lagged behind roads and railways.More details
UPSC Angle: India's Asset Monetisation Plan 2025–30 aims to mobilize ₹10 lakh crore.
Key Facts:
- Asset Monetisation Plan 2025–30 aims to mobilize ₹10 lakh crore
- National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) Target (FY 2022–25): ₹6 lakh crore
- Overall Achievement: 88.3%
- 2026-01-05 [Economy] — ADB Loan for Musi River Development Project in Telangana
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has agreed to provide a ₹4,100 crore ($500 million) loan to the Telangana Government for parts of Phase I of the Musi River Development Project. The project is divided into five zones, and the first phase of Zone I covers a 21 km stretch out of 55 km.More details
UPSC Angle: ADB loan for Musi River Development Project in Telangana.
Key Facts:
- ADB loan: ₹4,100 crore ($500 million)
- Beneficiary: Telangana Government
- Project: Musi River Development Project
- Project is divided into five zones
- 2025-07-15 [Economy] — IIFL Home Finance Secures Funding from AIIB
IIFL Home Finance has secured $100 million funding from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to enhance access to affordable housing for economically weaker sections (EWS) and lower-income groups (LIG).More details
UPSC Angle: IIFL Home Finance secures funding from AIIB for affordable housing.
Key Facts:
- Funding amount: $100 million
- Source: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
- Purpose: Affordable housing for EWS and LIG
- 2025-06-11 [Economy] — National Investment and Infrastructure Fund Limited (NIIF)
The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund Limited (NIIF), established in 2015 by the Government of India, is a sovereign-linked alternative investment platform. It aims to attract long-term capital from international and domestic investors into infrastructure and other high-priority sectors of the Indian economy, with the Government of India holding a 49% share.More details
UPSC Angle: NIIF is a sovereign-linked alternative investment platform established in 2015.
Key Facts:
- Established: 2015
- Nature: Sovereign-linked alternative investment platform
- Objective: Attract long-term capital for infrastructure and high-priority sectors
- Government of India share: 49%
- Governing Council Chair: Union Finance Minister
- Registered with: SEBI as an Alternative Investment Fund (AIF)
Institutional Frameworks for Infrastructure Capital Mobilization
Focus: Domestic and international initiatives focused on creating specialized platforms and institutions to bridge India's infrastructure financing gap through private and multilateral capital.
UPSC Value: Understanding the evolving financial architecture for infrastructure—including DFIs (NBFID), bilateral bridges (UKIIFB), and facilitation windows (UiWIN)—is essential for analyzing India's urban development and economic growth strategies.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2025-11-10 [Economy] — Urban Invest Window (UiWIN)
UiWIN, anchored by HUDCO, is a one-stop investment facilitation platform for urban infrastructure. It aims to attract private and multilateral funding (e.g., World Bank, ADB) for long-term, concessional financing of projects in waste management, mobility, water, sewerage, and climate-resilient infrastructure.More details
UPSC Angle: UiWIN is a platform to attract private funding for urban infrastructure.
Key Facts:
- UiWIN is anchored by HUDCO.
- It is a one-stop investment facilitation platform for urban infrastructure.
- Aims to attract private and multilateral funding for long-term, concessional financing of projects.
- 2025-09-10 [International Relations] — The U.K. India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB)
The U.K. India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB), launched in September 2024, marked its first anniversary with a report in London recommending policy changes to de-risk investments in India's infrastructure sector. UKIIFB is a bilateral initiative between India and the U.K. to mobilise global private capital for India's sustainable infrastructure projects.More details
UPSC Angle: UKIIFB recommends policy changes to de-risk investments in India's infrastructure.
Key Facts:
- The U.K. India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB)
- Launched in September 2024
- Bilateral initiative between India and the U.K.
- mobilise global private capital for India's sustainable infrastructure projects
- Organisations Involved: NITI Aayog (lead institution) and City of London Corporation (lead institution)
- 2025-06-06 [Economy] — ADB to Provide Loans for Urban Infrastructure
ADB President Masato Kanda announced USD 10 billion aimed at transforming urban infrastructure including metro extension, new regional rapid transit system (RRTS) across India in the next 5 years. The ADB withdrew USD 434.25 million loan to a proposed 1000 MegaWatt (MW) Solar Park in Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council in Assam, following a request from the Ministry of Finance (MoF).More details
UPSC Angle: ADB to provide USD 10 billion for urban infrastructure in India.
Key Facts:
- ADB President Masato Kanda announced USD 10 billion for urban infrastructure in India over the next 5 years.
- 2025-05-15 [Economy] — NBFID Holds Investors Meeting in Hong Kong
The National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NBFID) held a non-deal investors meeting in Hong Kong. NBFID is a specialised Development Finance Institution (DFI), established in 2021 under the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act, 2021.More details
UPSC Angle: NBFID held investors meeting in Hong Kong.
Key Facts:
- Organisation: National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NBFID)
- Event: Non-deal investors meeting
- Location: Hong Kong
- Established: 2021
- Act: National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act, 2021
- Ministry: Ministry of Finance
Strategic Fiscal Support for Private Sector R&D and Indigenous Innovation
Focus: Government-led financial mechanisms (grants, loans, and funds) specifically targeting private sector participation in high-tech research and indigenous manufacturing across defense, healthcare, and general industry.
UPSC Value: Demonstrates the multi-sectoral institutional framework (MoD, DST, and National Research Foundation) used to achieve 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' by bridging the R&D funding gap for private players.
4 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-17 [Schemes & Programs] — Cabinet Approves Urban Challenge Fund and Startup India Fund
The Union Cabinet approved the Urban Challenge Fund (UCF) with a ₹1 lakh crore central assistance and the Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 (FoF 2.0) with a ₹10,000 crore corpus. The UCF will be operational from FY26 to FY31, extendable up to FY34, and the FoF 2.0, launched under the Startup India initiative in 2016, aims to mobilize venture capital for the startup ecosystem.More details
UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves Urban Challenge Fund and Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0.
Key Facts:
- Urban Challenge Fund (UCF): ₹1 lakh crore central assistance
- Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 (FoF 2.0): ₹10,000 crore corpus
- UCF Operational Period: FY26 to FY31, extendable up to FY34
- FoF 2.0 Launched Under: Startup India initiative, launched in 2016
- 2025-12-07 [Defense & Security] — Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme
The Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme promotes self-reliance in Defence Technology as part of the 'Make in India' initiative. It encourages participation of public/private industries, especially MSMEs and startups, to enhance cutting-edge technology capability in the defense sector. The Ministry of Defence is the nodal ministry.More details
UPSC Angle: Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme promotes self-reliance in Defence Technology.
Key Facts:
- Objective: Promote self-reliance in Defence Technology
- Initiative: 'Make in India'
- Focus: MSMEs and startups
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Defence
- Funding: Up to INR 50 crore project cost, funding may be up to 90% of total project cost
- 2025-05-30 [Science & Technology] — TDB-DST Funds India’s First Neuro-Intervention Integrated Manufacturing Plant for Stroke Treatment
The Technology Development Board (TDB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), has extended financial support to M/s S3V Vascular Technologies Limited, Mysuru, for their project titled “Integrated Manufacturing of Mechanical Thrombectomy Kit for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke.” The board has sanctioned assistance to this pioneering initiative aimed at transforming stroke treatment through indigenous innovation.More details
UPSC Angle: TDB-DST funds India’s first neuro-intervention integrated manufacturing plant for stroke treatment.
Key Facts:
- Technology Development Board (TDB)
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- S3V Vascular Technologies Limited
- Mysuru
- Integrated Manufacturing of Mechanical Thrombectomy Kit for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
- 2025-03-07 [Economy] — ₹1 Lakh Crore Fund for Private Sector Research
The Indian government is close to approving a ₹1 lakh crore fund to foster private sector research and development. The fund aims to support innovation, technological advancements, and industry-academia collaboration, underscoring the government's commitment to boosting scientific research and driving economic growth.More details
UPSC Angle: ₹1 lakh crore fund to foster private sector R&D.
Key Facts:
- Amount: ₹1 lakh crore
- ₹1 lakh crore: Fund size
- Low-interest, long-term loans: Form of funding
- Private companies: Intended beneficiaries
- Novel products and new intellectual property: Aim of the funding
Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) & Component Ecosystem
Focus: Inauguration and approval of general electronics manufacturing facilities and component schemes, distinct from semiconductor fabs.
UPSC Value: Illustrates the growth of the broader hardware ecosystem (SMT lines, component manufacturing) supporting the 'Make in India' electronics sector.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2026-02-10 [Economy] — Zetwerk Electronics' New Manufacturing Facility Inaugurated
Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw and Karnataka Industries Minister M.B. Patil inaugurated Zetwerk Electronics' new manufacturing facility at KIADB Hi-Tech in Bengaluru, Karnataka.More details
UPSC Angle: Zetwerk Electronics' new manufacturing facility inaugurated.
Key Facts:
- Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated Zetwerk Electronics' new manufacturing facility in Bengaluru.
- M.B. Patil, Industries Minister of Karnataka, also participated in the inauguration.
- 2025-10-29 [Economy] — India Approves Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Projects
The Indian government approved the first trench of seven projects worth Rs 5,532 crore under the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS). As of September 2025, the government had received 249 applications representing investment commitments of Rs 1.15 lakh crore, nearly twice the initial target of Rs 59,350 crore. The seven electronics manufacturing units will be established across Tamil Nadu (TN), Andhra Pradesh (AP), and Madhya Pradesh (MP).More details
UPSC Angle: India approves Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) projects.
Key Facts:
- ECMS: Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme
- Approved projects worth Rs 5,532 crore
- 249 applications received, representing investment commitments of Rs 1.15 lakh crore
- 7 electronics manufacturing units to be established across Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh
- 2025-04-21 [Economy] — VVDN's Innovation Park Inauguration
Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated VVDN Technologies’s largest state-of-the-art Surface Mount Technology (SMT) Line and Mechanical Innovation Park at its Global Innovation Park in Manesar, Haryana.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Location: Manesar, Haryana.
India's Sectoral Green Policy and Financing Mechanisms
Focus: Domestic Indian initiatives that utilize specific programmatic frameworks or financial instruments (tugs transition, municipal bonds, and credit systems) to drive environmental sustainability across different sectors.
UPSC Value: Essential for GS Paper III (Environment and Economy) to analyze India's diversified strategy for meeting climate commitments through sector-specific interventions and innovative green financing.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-12-05 [Environment & Ecology] — Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP)
The Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP) was launched by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways in 2024. It aims to transition India's harbour tug fleet from conventional diesel-powered vessels to greener alternatives. The initial focus will be on Green Hybrid Tugs, with future adoption of battery-electric, methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia.More details
UPSC Angle: Green Tug Transition Programme aims to transition India's harbour tug fleet.
Key Facts:
- 2024: Launch year
- Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways: Launched the program
- Green Hybrid Tugs: Initial focus
- 2024-2040: Phased approach timeline
- 50%: Aim for at least this percentage of green tugs by 2030
- Launched by: Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways in 2024
- Objective: To transition India's harbour tug fleet to greener alternatives
- Timeline: 2024-2040
- Target: At least 50% green tugs by 2030
- Nodal Agency: National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping (NCoEGPS)
- First phase: During phase 1 (2024-27), 16 green tugs will be deployed
- Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP) aims for at least 50% green tugs by 2030 and full transition by 2040.
- Phase 1 (2024-27) will deploy 16 green tugs.
- National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping (NCoEGPS) is the nodal agency.
- 2025-04-30 [Economy] — Ghaziabad Issues First Green Municipal Bond
Under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, Ghaziabad issued India's first Certified Green Municipal Bond, raising ₹150 crore for a Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP). Green Municipal Bonds are used exclusively to fund environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure projects.More details
UPSC Angle: Ghaziabad issued India's first Green Municipal Bond for sewage treatment.
Key Facts:
- Ghaziabad issued India's first Certified Green Municipal Bond
- ₹150 crore raised for a Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP)
- Green Municipal Bonds fund environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure projects
- Ghaziabad issued India's first Certified Green Municipal Bond.
- ₹150 crore was raised for a Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP).
- The bond was issued under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban.
- Green Municipal Bonds are used for funding environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure projects.
- 2025-04-03 [Environment & Ecology] — Green Credit Programme Criticized
The Green Credit Programme (GCP), launched in 2023, faces criticism for potentially incentivizing forest diversion and promoting plantations on ecologically sensitive lands. The implementing agency is the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun.More details
UPSC Angle: Green Credit Programme criticized for incentivizing forest diversion.
Key Facts:
- Green Credit Programme (GCP)
- Launched in October 2023
- Implementing Agency: Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun
Demographic-Specific Financial Product Initiatives
Focus: Specialized financial instruments and schemes introduced by major Indian financial entities (SBI, LIC, Bob Finance) designed to serve the unique needs of specific social or professional cohorts such as Agniveers, senior citizens, and rural women agents.
UPSC Value: Highlights the strategy of targeted financial inclusion where institutional finance is leveraged to support specific government-backed cohorts and demographic-specific social security needs.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-19 [Economy] — Bob Finance Provides Loan to Agniveers
Bob Finance is providing a loan of up to ₹4 lakhs without collateral and processing fees for Agniveers, with a flat interest rate of 10.50% until September 30, 2025.More details
UPSC Angle: Bob Finance provides collateral-free loans to Agniveers at 10.50% interest.
Key Facts:
- Provides loan up to ₹4 lakhs without collateral and processing fees
- Interest Rate: 10.50% until September 30,2025
- Repayment tenure aligns with the term of the Agnipath scheme
- Agnipath recruitment programme is a central government scheme launched in 2022
- 2025-07-24 [Schemes & Programs] — LIC Disburses under Bima Sakhi Scheme
LIC disbursed ₹115.13 Crore under Bima Sakhi Scheme in FY 2025–26. The Bima Sakhi – Mahila Career Agent (MCA) Scheme was launched by the Government of India on 9th December 2024.More details
UPSC Angle: LIC disburses under Bima Sakhi Scheme; launched on 9th December 2024.
Key Facts:
- LIC disbursed ₹115.13 Crore under Bima Sakhi Scheme in FY 2025–26
- LIC disbursed ₹62.36 crore as stipends under the scheme in FY 2024–25
- For FY 2025–26, LIC allocated a budget of ₹520 crore
- Currently, there are 2,05,896 Bima Sakhis across the country
- Scheme launched on 9th December 2024
- 2025-04-19 [Economy] — SBI Revives 'Amrit Vrishti' FD Scheme
The State Bank of India (SBI) has reintroduced its 'Amrit Vrishti' FD Scheme from April 15, 2025, with revised interest rates targeting senior and super-senior citizens. The general public will earn 7.05% on a unique 444-day tenure.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Scheme: Amrit Vrishti FD Scheme
- Reintroduced: April 15, 2025
- Tenure: 444 days
- Interest Rate (General): 7.05%
- Interest Rate (Senior): 7.55%
- Interest Rate (Super-Senior): 7.65%
Targeted Fiscal and Industrial Policy Instruments in India
Focus: Specific government-led financial mechanisms (levies, taxes, and incentives) designed to regulate emerging sectors, address environmental externalities, or achieve strategic industrial goals.
UPSC Value: Understanding the use of fiscal tools beyond traditional taxation to manage the digital economy, environmental protection, and regional industrial development.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-08-07 [Economy] — Government to Incentivize Manufacturing in Laggard States
The government may incentivize the private sector to set up manufacturing units in laggard states and offer incentives to hire more women as part of the National Manufacturing Mission. The mission aims to increase the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25% by 2047.More details
UPSC Angle: Govt incentivizing manufacturing in laggard states under National Manufacturing Mission.
Key Facts:
- National Manufacturing Mission aims to increase manufacturing GDP share to 25% by 2047.
- 2025-07-11 [Economy] — Green Tax Reform & Implications
A green tax is planned for farmers and cocoa-mango cultivation in India. The purposes of the green tax are to reduce pollution, make the polluter pay, and fund pollution control and emission monitoring facilities in states.More details
UPSC Angle: Green tax planned for farmers and cocoa-mango cultivation.
Key Facts:
- Green tax planned for farmers and cocoa-mango cultivation in India
- Purposes: reduce pollution, make the polluter pay
- Revenue will fund pollution control and emission monitoring facilities in states
- 2025-03-25 [Economy] — Equalisation Levy
The Equalisation Levy applies to online advertisement services (6% levy on payments to non-resident service providers) since June 1, 2016. It also applied to e-commerce transactions (2% levy) from April 1, 2020, until August 1, 2024. Income subjected to the equalisation levy is exempt from income tax under Section 10(50) of the Income Tax Act.More details
UPSC Angle: Equalisation Levy: 6% on online ads, 2% on e-commerce.
Key Facts:
- Online Advertisement Services: 6% levy on payments to non-resident service providers since June 1, 2016.
- E-Commerce Transactions: 2% levy from April 1, 2020, till August 1, 2024.
- Section 10(50) of the Income Tax Act: Exempts income subjected to equalisation levy from income tax.
- Penalty for Non-Compliance: Equal to the amount of levy not deducted or paid; interest of 1% per month on late payments.
Operationalization of Industrial and Employment Incentive Schemes
Focus: Recent administrative actions, including cabinet approvals and portal launches, to implement financial incentive frameworks (ELI and SPMEPCI) aimed at boosting manufacturing and job creation.
UPSC Value: Understanding the transition from policy announcement to implementation through specific administrative mechanisms like portals and incentive structures is vital for the Economy and Governance papers.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-07-03 [Schemes & Programs] — Mechanism for ELI scheme to be in place soon
Mechanism for ELI scheme to be in place soon, says Mandaviya.More details
UPSC Angle: Mechanism for ELI scheme to be in place soon.
Key Facts:
- Mechanism for ELI scheme to be in place soon: Mandaviya.
- 2025-07-02 [Schemes & Programs] — Employment Linked Incentive Scheme
The Union Cabinet has approved the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme with an outlay of ₹99,446 crore, as part of the ₹2 lakh crore employment package for 4.1 crore youth in Budget 2024–25. The scheme aims to generate 3.5 crore jobs in 2 years (Aug 2025–July 2027), focusing on first-time employees, job creation, and formalization across sectors, especially manufacturing.More details
UPSC Angle: Cabinet approves Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme with outlay of ₹99,446 crore.
Key Facts:
- Total budget outlay: Rs 99,446 crore.
- Aims to generate over 3.5 crore jobs between August 1, 2025, and July 31, 2027.
- 1.92 crore beneficiaries will be first timers, entering the workforce.
- First-time employees will get one month's wage (up to Rs 15,000/-).
- Employers will be given incentives for a period to two years for generating additional employment, with extended benefits for another two years for the manufacturing sector.
- Benefits applicable to jobs created between 01st August 2025 and 31st July, 2027.
- First-time EPFO-registered employees earning up to Rs 1 lakh per month will receive a direct incentive of up to Rs 15,000 in two installments.
- The second component incentivises EPFO-registered employers to create new jobs, offering Rs 1,000–3,000 monthly per retained employee based on wage slabs, with greater benefits and extended duration for the manufacturing sector.
- Cabinet approved Employment-Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme.
- Approved by Union Cabinet chaired by PM Narendra Modi.
- Aims to generate 3.5 crore jobs in 2 years (Aug 2025–July 2027).
- Total outlay: ₹99,446 crore, part of the larger ₹2 lakh crore employment package for 4.1 crore youth (Budget 2024–25).
- 2025-06-25 [Economy] — Ministry of Heavy Industries Launches SPMEPCI Portal
The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) launched the online application portal under the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI). This initiative aims to boost electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing and attract foreign direct investment in the EV sector.More details
UPSC Angle: MHI launches SPMEPCI portal to promote electric passenger car manufacturing.
Key Facts:
- Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) launched the online application portal under the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI) on June 24, 2025.
Financial Support Ecosystem for MSMEs and Startups
Focus: Initiatives involving government schemes and banking partnerships specifically designed to enhance credit access and digital enablement for MSMEs and startups.
UPSC Value: Highlights the multi-pronged approach (policy guarantees, co-lending, and digital literacy) being used to formalize and support the small business economy.
3 news items in this theme:
- 2025-05-10 [Economy] — Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS)
The government has expanded the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS), doubling the guarantee limit from ₹10 crore to ₹20 crore and reducing guarantee fees for startups in Champion Sectors. The scheme increases lending confidence, reduces risk perception among lenders, and encourages more financial institutions to provide credit. For loans up to ₹10 crore, the guarantee now covers 85% of the default amount, while for loans above ₹10 crore, the coverage is 75%.More details
UPSC Angle: CGSS guarantee limit doubled to ₹20 crore for startups.
Key Facts:
- The guarantee limit has been doubled from ₹10 crore to ₹20 crore per borrower.
- For loans up to ₹10 crore, the guarantee covers 85% of the default amount.
- For loans above ₹10 crore, the guarantee covers 75% of the default amount.
- The scheme was launched under the Startup India initiative (2016) and notified in 2022.
- Guarantee cover ceiling raised from ₹10 crore to ₹20 crore per borrower
- Guarantee cover increased to 85% for loan amounts up to ₹10 crore
- Guarantee cover increased to 75% for loan amounts above ₹10 crore
- Annual Guarantee Fee (AGF) reduced from 2% to 1% per annum for 27 Champion Sectors
- Scheme applicable to loans from Scheduled Commercial Banks, All India Financial Institutions (AIFIs), Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), and SEBI-registered Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs)
- Facilitates collateral-free debt funding for working capital, term loans, and venture debt
- 2025-05-02 [Economy] — Sa-Dhan partners with Bank of India to promote digital transformation
On May 2, 2025, Sa-Dhan partnered with Bank of India to enhance digital transformation and financial literacy, especially for small and micro enterprises.More details
UPSC Angle: Not exam-relevant
Key Facts:
- Sa-Dhan partnered with Bank of India on May 2, 2025.
- The partnership aims to enhance digital transformation.
- The partnership aims to enhance financial literacy.
- The focus is on small and micro enterprises.
- 2025-03-07 [Economy] — SIDBI, Federal Bank Partner to Support MSMEs
SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) and Federal Bank have signed an MoU to enhance financial support for MSMEs, offering project finance, equipment loans, working capital support, and loans against property. The collaboration will also explore joint financing options to improve credit access for MSMEs, aligning with PM Narendra Modi's vision of strengthening the MSME sector.More details
UPSC Angle: SIDBI and Federal Bank partner to support MSMEs.
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