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Q32 (IAS/2014) Economy › Schemes, Inclusion & Social Sector › Financial sector schemes Official Key

What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) in branchless areas? 1. It enables the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages. 2. It enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The Business Correspondent initiative enables Government subsidies and social security benefits to be directly credited to the accounts of beneficiaries, enabling them to draw the money from the Business correspondents in their[1] village itself. This directly validates Statement 1.

Banks provide basic services like deposits, withdrawals and remittances using the services of Business Correspondents also known as Bank Saathi.[2] This confirms that Statement 2 is also correct.

The Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) model was designed to extend banking services to remote and branchless areas, particularly in rural India. By enabling both direct benefit transfers and basic banking transactions at the village level, this model has been instrumental in promoting financial inclusion and ensuring that beneficiaries don't have to travel long distances to access banking services.

Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option C the right answer.

Sources
  1. [2] https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=70904
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) in branchless are…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a classic 'Functional Utility' question. UPSC moves beyond 'Who launched it?' to 'How does it actually work for the villager?'. When studying schemes like PMJDY or UPI, focus on the exact operational limits—what can the user do (deposit, withdraw, overdraft) and what can they NOT do.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless areas enable beneficiaries to receive and draw government subsidies and social security benefits in their villages?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"This initiative also enables Government subsidies and social security benefits to now be directly credited to the accounts of the beneficiaries and who would be able to draw"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Swabhimaan branchless-banking initiative uses Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi).
  • Says government subsidies and social security benefits can be directly credited to beneficiaries' accounts who would be able to draw the money from Business Correspondents in their village.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The initiative enables Government subsidies and social security benefits to be directly credited to the accounts of the beneficiaries, enabling them to draw the money from the Business correspondents in their village itself."
Why this source?
  • Describes branchless banking via Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) providing basic services like withdrawals.
  • Specifically notes subsidies and social security benefits can be credited to accounts and drawn from Business Correspondents in the village.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The BC model has been useful in executing various government initiatives and ensuring the proper distribution of subsidies and benefits."
Why this source?
  • Explains the BC model's role as a link between beneficiaries and government organizations.
  • States BCs enable smooth execution and proper distribution of government subsidies and benefits.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 5/5
“What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) in branchless areas? • 1. It enables the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages. • 2. It enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals. Select the correct answer using the code given below: • (b) 2 only • (a) 1 only • (d) Neither 1 nor 2 • (c) Both 1 and 2 31. The terms 'Marginal Standing Facility Rate' and 'Net Demand and Time Liabilities' sometimes appearing in news are used in relation to • (a) banking operations• (b) communication networking”
Why relevant

The MCQ lists as proposition 1 that BCs 'enable the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages' and proposition 2 that BCs 'enable beneficiaries to make deposits and withdrawals', then indicates only (2) is correct.

How to extend

A student could infer that standard texts treat BCs primarily as deposit/withdrawal agents rather than as official channels for direct government subsidy disbursement, and so should check how DBT/benefit flows are routed in practice (bank accounts/PoS/Biometric).

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > JAM Trinity: Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile > p. 779
Strength: 4/5
“The NDA government was instrumental in bringing about an important reform which was given a catchy abbreviated form, JAM, for Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhaar, and mobile number. The reform was to directly transfer subsidy to the beneficiary. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana was announced by the prime minister in his Independence Day speech, and it was launched on August 24, 2014. It was one of the largest schemes in the world for financial inclusion, directed towards helping those persons so far without a bank account to open a bank account (without minimum balance requirement), get a debit card, and access to social security schemes like insurance and pension.”
Why relevant

JAM (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile) is presented as the reform to directly transfer subsidies to beneficiaries' bank accounts and to enable access to social security schemes via bank accounts.

How to extend

Combine this with knowledge that BCs provide last‑mile banking: one can test whether subsidies routed via JAM require formal bank account transactions (which BCs could facilitate) or separate PoS/agency arrangements.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > 9.2.2 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) > p. 286
Strength: 4/5
“• 2. When government transfers the cash in the beneficiaries Aadhaar linked bank account and he/ she purchase the product at market price then it removes the possibility of leakages and diversion.• 3. Cash transfers frees up the prices of various goods and services bought and sold in the market which then perform their role of efficiently allocating resources in the economy and boosting long run growth. By implementing DBT in LPG subsidy, government has been able to save more than Rs. 10,000 core a year.”
Why relevant

DBT transfers cash into beneficiaries' Aadhaar‑linked bank accounts to remove leakages, implying subsidies/social benefits are intended to reach bank accounts.

How to extend

A student could check whether beneficiaries in branchless villages receive DBT directly into accounts accessible via BCs (cash‑out) or whether they must use formal bank branches/ATMs/agents.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > DBT in Fertilizer: > p. 290
Strength: 4/5
“In January 2018, Government implemented DBT facility for fertilizer subsidies in all the States and Union Territories (UTs). The DBT model in fertilizers is different from the conventional system of DBT being implemented in LPG. Under DBT system in fertilizer subsidies, the farmers/beneficiaries will continue to receive Urea at statutory subsidised prices (Rs. 5.36/kg) and P & K fertilizers at subsidized prices in the market. The fertilizer companies which earlier used to receive subsidy on receipt of fertilizers at the district level, will now get subsidy only after the fertilizers are sold to farmers/beneficiaries by the retailers through Point of Sale (PoS) machines (linked to the Department of Fertilizers' e-Urvarak DBT portal) through biometric authentication by Aadhar Card or Voter ID Card or Kisan Credit Card.”
Why relevant

DBT in fertiliser is implemented via retailer PoS machines linked to an e‑portal and biometric authentication (Aadhaar), not described as using BC cash‑out services.

How to extend

Use this example to probe which DBT schemes rely on PoS/retailer redemption versus bank‑account cash withdrawals (which BCs might provide) to judge whether BCs can directly deliver subsidies in villages.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > E-RUPI: It is different from CBDC, its just a voucher > p. 79
Strength: 3/5
“When a government agency or a corporate entity wants to provide some benefit to some specific beneficiaries then it can approach banks (public and private both) which has been authorized by NPCI to issue digital vouchers. The Govt agency and the corporate entity will provide the list of beneficiaries with their mobile numbers to the banks. The transaction begins with a QR Code, or a long-string SMS pushed into a beneficiary's mobile device by the bank through the bank's voucher management system. The beneficiary will then need to show it to the welfare service provider (specific designated centres) to authenticate the transaction.”
Why relevant

E‑RUPI vouchers are issued by banks to beneficiaries' mobile devices and redeemed at designated welfare service providers, showing some benefit delivery models use specific redemption points rather than BCs.

How to extend

A student could contrast voucher/redemption‑centre models with bank‑account cash disbursement to see if BCs are the intended redemption/cash‑out channel in practice.

Statement 2
Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless rural areas provide deposit and withdrawal banking services to beneficiaries?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"....basic services like deposits, withdrawal and remittances using the services of Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi). The initiative enables Government subsidies and social security benefits to be directly credited to the accounts of the beneficiaries, enabling them to draw the money from the Business correspondents in their village itself."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states Business Correspondents provide basic services including deposits and withdrawals.
  • Also notes beneficiaries can draw government subsidies and social security benefits from Business Correspondents in their village.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Banks will provide basic services like deposits, withdrawals and remittances using the services of Business Correspondents also known as Bank Saathi."
Why this source?
  • Direct statement that banks will provide basic services like deposits and withdrawals using Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi).
  • Positions BCs/Bank Saathi as the channel for branchless banking services in rural habitations.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"social security benefits_** to now be directly credited to the accounts of the beneficiaries and who would be able to draw the money from the Business Correspondents in their village itself."
Why this source?
  • States government subsidies and social security benefits are credited to beneficiaries' accounts and can be drawn from Business Correspondents in their village.
  • Supports the role of BCs as points for beneficiaries to withdraw funds locally.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 8: Financial Market > egin{array}{c|c|c|c|c} \\hline extbf{2015} & extbf{0} & extbf{0} \\[1ex] \ \hline \ \end{array} > p. 251
Strength: 5/5
“What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) in branchless areas? • 1. It enables the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages. • 2. It enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals. Select the correct answer using the code given below: • (b) 2 only • (a) 1 only • (d) Neither 1 nor 2 • (c) Both 1 and 2 31. The terms 'Marginal Standing Facility Rate' and 'Net Demand and Time Liabilities' sometimes appearing in news are used in relation to • (a) banking operations• (b) communication networking”
Why relevant

This MCQ-style snippet explicitly lists 'enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals' as a facility associated with Business Correspondents in branchless areas.

How to extend

A student could treat this as an authoritative textbook formulation to motivate checking RBI/Bank BC guidelines or scheme descriptions to confirm operational cash-in/cash-out roles.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 2.17 Indian Financial System > p. 81
Strength: 4/5
“• 1. The financial institutions in India are broadly divided into two categories viz. Banks and Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFI). The basic difference between a Bank and a NBFI is Banks accept demand deposits and NBFIs do not accept demand deposits. Banks issue cheques but NBFIs cannot issue cheques drawn on itself.• 2. Banks are classified into commercial and cooperative. Commercial banks operate on the commercial (profit) principles while the basis of operation for cooperative banks is on cooperative lines i.e., service to its members and the society. Cooperative banks provide a higher rate of interest on deposits as compared to commercial banks.• 3.”
Why relevant

Defines the basic distinguishing feature of banks as accepting demand deposits (whereas NBFIs do not).

How to extend

A student could infer that agents/arrangements used by banks (e.g., BCs) are logically tied to the bank's core function of accepting/returning deposits and so seek procedural rules enabling BCs to handle such deposits/withdrawals.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > Payments Banks > p. 191
Strength: 3/5
“The Second Small Finance Banks | Payments Banks • Can accept all types of deposits like a Commercial Bank (Current Account, Savings Account, Fixed Deposit, Recurring Deposit, etc.). Take deposit only on Current Account, Savings Account and cannot accept Fixed Deposits (FD). They also cannot issue Credit Card but can issue a Debit Card. • They can give out depositor's money as loans to other customers, but have small area of operation. They cannot give depositor's money as loans.”
Why relevant

Describes 'Payments Banks' as institutions that can accept deposits (current/savings) and issue debit cards—illustrating specialized bank models aimed at financial inclusion.

How to extend

One could extend this by noting niche banks aiming for inclusion often rely on field agents/technology in underserved areas, so it suggests a plausible operational context where BCs provide deposit/withdrawal services.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 21. Payment Banks: > p. 87
Strength: 3/5
“2015, RBI granted license to 10 applicants for Small Finance Banks which is a step in the direction of furthering the financial inclusion.• The small finance banks shall primarily undertake basic banking activities of acceptance of deposits and lending to unserved and underserved sections including small business units, small and marginal farmers, micro and small industries and unorganized sector entities.• There will not be any restriction in the area of operations of small finance banks.• The small finance banks will be required to extend 75% of its total credit to the sectors eligible for classification as priority sector lending (PSL) by the RBI.• At least 50% of its loan portfolio should constitute loans of up to Rs25 lakhs• Both payment banks and small finance banks are niche or differentiated banks i.e., specialized in certain banking functions and not universal.”
Why relevant

Explains small finance/payment banks' purpose to further financial inclusion and undertake basic banking activities including acceptance of deposits in underserved areas.

How to extend

A student could combine this with knowledge of branchless banking strategies to infer that banking correspondents/agents are a likely delivery channel for deposits/withdrawals in rural locations.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 4. Co-operative Banks: > p. 82
Strength: 2/5
“Regional Rural Banks (RRB) were established in 1975 under the provisions of the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 with a view to developing the rural economy by providing, for the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in the rural areas, credit and other facilities, particularly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, artisans and small entrepreneurs. RRBs are owned by the Central government, concerned State government and the sponsor bank in proportion of 50:15:35 (each RRB is sponsored by a particular bank). RRBs need to provide 75% of the lending to priority sectors. RRBs are under the supervision of NABARD.”
Why relevant

Describes Regional Rural Banks' mandate to develop the rural economy by providing credit and other facilities to rural clientele.

How to extend

A student might reason that to deliver such facilities in remote locations, banks or their sponsored agents (e.g., BCs) would need mechanisms to handle cash transactions locally, prompting verification from operational guidelines.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC consistently tests the 'Last Mile' mechanics of governance. Whether it's BCs (2014), UPI (2017/18), or DigiLocker (2016), the pattern is: Does the aspirant understand the technology/mechanism that delivers the policy to the citizen?
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. This was the flagship feature of the 'Swabhimaan' campaign and later PMJDY. If you read the PIB release for the scheme, these two points were the headline benefits.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Financial Inclusion > Banking Models > The Principal-Agent Model (Business Correspondents).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: 1. Liability: The parent Bank is fully responsible for acts/omissions of the BC. 2. Restrictions: BCs cannot offer their own products; they only sell the bank's products. 3. Evolution: BCs now use AePS (Aadhaar Enabled Payment System) for interoperable transactions. 4. Limits: Know the difference between a BC, a Payment Bank, and a Small Finance Bank regarding lending powers.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Adopt a 'User-Centric' view. Don't just memorize the scheme name. Ask: 'If I am an illiterate beneficiary in a remote village, what specific problems does this solve for me?' (e.g., travel cost to branch vs. local cash-out).
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
💡 The insight

DBT is the primary policy mechanism for transferring government subsidies and cash benefits directly to beneficiaries' bank accounts, which is central to questions about how beneficiaries receive payments.

High-yield for UPSC: DBT appears frequently in governance/economy questions about subsidy reform, leakages, and welfare delivery. Understand its objectives (reduce leakages, Aadhaar-linking, savings), variants (LPG, fertiliser), and implementation challenges. Links to financial inclusion, Aadhaar authentication, and digital payments. Study official DBT case studies and scheme-specific modalities to answer both static and contemporary questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > 9.2.2 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) > p. 286
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > DBT in Fertilizer: > p. 290
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless areas enable be..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile)
💡 The insight

JAM is the enabling framework for direct transfers and financial inclusion that underpins how subsidies and social security benefits can reach intended beneficiaries.

Essential for UPSC aspirants: JAM is repeatedly tested in governance, public policy, and economy segments as it explains the infrastructure for targeted transfers and reducing intermediaries. Master the components, objectives, and outcomes (e.g., Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhaar-based identification, mobile connectivity), and relate to schemes like DBT and financial inclusion measures.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > JAM Trinity: Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile > p. 779
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Disbanding Planning Commission and Setting up NITI Aayog > p. 780
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless areas enable be..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Digital Vouchers / e-RUPI as targeted delivery
💡 The insight

e-RUPI represents an alternative digital modality for delivering benefits to specific beneficiaries via banks, showing how non-cash approaches can operate alongside DBT.

Useful for contemporary questions on digital governance and welfare delivery: knowing voucher-based delivery (e-RUPI) helps distinguish cash transfers from in-kind or restricted-use digital instruments. Connects to NPCI, banks' role in beneficiary lists and voucher issuance — relevant for answers on innovation in service delivery and scheme design.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > E-RUPI: It is different from CBDC, its just a voucher > p. 79
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless areas enable be..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Banks vs Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs): Demand deposit function
💡 The insight

The question concerns deposit/withdrawal services; reference [2] distinguishes banks by their ability to accept demand deposits, which is the core function enabling deposits and withdrawals.

High-yield concept for UPSC banking questions: knowing the legal/functional difference between banks and NBFIs helps answer questions on who can accept deposits, and underpins policies on financial inclusion and delivery channels. It connects to topics on financial sector structure, regulation, and delivery of services in rural areas. Prepare by memorizing the defining functions and regulatory implications and practicing application-based MCQs.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 2.17 Indian Financial System > p. 81
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless rural areas pro..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Restrictions and functions of Payments Banks / Niche banks
💡 The insight

Payments and small finance banks are discussed in references [7] and [10], showing which deposit products such niche banks can accept—relevant to understanding who can provide deposit/withdrawal services in rural/branchless settings.

Useful for questions on differentiated banking models and financial inclusion: examiners often ask about what payments banks vs small finance banks can/cannot do (types of deposits, lending limits). This links to policy debates on extending basic banking services through alternate models. Learn by comparing permitted activities across bank types and practicing scenario questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > Payments Banks > p. 191
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 21. Payment Banks: > p. 87
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless rural areas pro..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Role of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in rural banking services
💡 The insight

Reference [8] explains RRBs' mandate to provide credit and other facilities in rural areas, which is conceptually adjacent to questions on delivery of banking services (including deposit/withdrawal) to rural beneficiaries.

RRBs are frequently tested in the context of rural financial inclusion, priority sector lending, and institutional roles in rural credit delivery. Understanding RRBs helps answer questions about which institutions are tasked with serving rural populations and how branchless models might interact with them. Study by mapping institutional roles, ownership, and priority-sector obligations.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 4. Co-operative Banks: > p. 82
🔗 Anchor: "Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless rural areas pro..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The Liability Trap: A future statement might ask, 'In case of fraud by a Business Correspondent, the loss is borne by the beneficiary.' FALSE. The RBI guidelines explicitly state that the parent Bank is fully responsible for the acts of its BCs (Agency Principal Rule).

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Teleological (Purpose-Driven) Logic: The goal of the scheme is 'Branchless Banking' in 'unbanked areas'. If the BC could NOT accept deposits or give cash (Statement 2) or disburse subsidies (Statement 1), they would fail to replace the basic functions of a branch. For the scheme to have any utility, both functions are logically mandatory.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Inclusive Growth) & GS-2 (Governance): The BC model is the 'Human Layer' of the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile). While Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) provides the rails, BCs provide the 'High Touch' interface necessary for digital illiterates, bridging the gap between tech and trust.

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