Question map
What is/are the facility/facilities the beneficiaries can get from the services of Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) in branchless areas? 1. It enables the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages. 2. It enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Explanation
The Business Correspondent initiative enables Government subsidies and social security benefits to be directly credited to the accounts of beneficiaries, enabling them to draw the money from the Business correspondents in their[1] village itself. This directly validates Statement 1.
Banks provide basic services like deposits, withdrawals and remittances using the services of Business Correspondents also known as Bank Saathi.[2] This confirms that Statement 2 is also correct.
The Business Correspondent (Bank Saathi) model was designed to extend banking services to remote and branchless areas, particularly in rural India. By enabling both direct benefit transfers and basic banking transactions at the village level, this model has been instrumental in promoting financial inclusion and ensuring that beneficiaries don't have to travel long distances to access banking services.
Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are correct, making option C the right answer.
Sources- [2] https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=70904
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Functional Utility' question. UPSC moves beyond 'Who launched it?' to 'How does it actually work for the villager?'. When studying schemes like PMJDY or UPI, focus on the exact operational limits—what can the user do (deposit, withdraw, overdraft) and what can they NOT do.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless areas enable beneficiaries to receive and draw government subsidies and social security benefits in their villages?
- Statement 2: Do Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) operating in branchless rural areas provide deposit and withdrawal banking services to beneficiaries?
- Explicitly states the Swabhimaan branchless-banking initiative uses Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi).
- Says government subsidies and social security benefits can be directly credited to beneficiaries' accounts who would be able to draw the money from Business Correspondents in their village.
- Describes branchless banking via Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi) providing basic services like withdrawals.
- Specifically notes subsidies and social security benefits can be credited to accounts and drawn from Business Correspondents in the village.
- Explains the BC model's role as a link between beneficiaries and government organizations.
- States BCs enable smooth execution and proper distribution of government subsidies and benefits.
The MCQ lists as proposition 1 that BCs 'enable the beneficiaries to draw their subsidies and social security benefits in their villages' and proposition 2 that BCs 'enable beneficiaries to make deposits and withdrawals', then indicates only (2) is correct.
A student could infer that standard texts treat BCs primarily as deposit/withdrawal agents rather than as official channels for direct government subsidy disbursement, and so should check how DBT/benefit flows are routed in practice (bank accounts/PoS/Biometric).
JAM (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile) is presented as the reform to directly transfer subsidies to beneficiaries' bank accounts and to enable access to social security schemes via bank accounts.
Combine this with knowledge that BCs provide last‑mile banking: one can test whether subsidies routed via JAM require formal bank account transactions (which BCs could facilitate) or separate PoS/agency arrangements.
DBT transfers cash into beneficiaries' Aadhaar‑linked bank accounts to remove leakages, implying subsidies/social benefits are intended to reach bank accounts.
A student could check whether beneficiaries in branchless villages receive DBT directly into accounts accessible via BCs (cash‑out) or whether they must use formal bank branches/ATMs/agents.
DBT in fertiliser is implemented via retailer PoS machines linked to an e‑portal and biometric authentication (Aadhaar), not described as using BC cash‑out services.
Use this example to probe which DBT schemes rely on PoS/retailer redemption versus bank‑account cash withdrawals (which BCs might provide) to judge whether BCs can directly deliver subsidies in villages.
E‑RUPI vouchers are issued by banks to beneficiaries' mobile devices and redeemed at designated welfare service providers, showing some benefit delivery models use specific redemption points rather than BCs.
A student could contrast voucher/redemption‑centre models with bank‑account cash disbursement to see if BCs are the intended redemption/cash‑out channel in practice.
- Explicitly states Business Correspondents provide basic services including deposits and withdrawals.
- Also notes beneficiaries can draw government subsidies and social security benefits from Business Correspondents in their village.
- Direct statement that banks will provide basic services like deposits and withdrawals using Business Correspondents (Bank Saathi).
- Positions BCs/Bank Saathi as the channel for branchless banking services in rural habitations.
- States government subsidies and social security benefits are credited to beneficiaries' accounts and can be drawn from Business Correspondents in their village.
- Supports the role of BCs as points for beneficiaries to withdraw funds locally.
This MCQ-style snippet explicitly lists 'enables the beneficiaries in the rural areas to make deposits and withdrawals' as a facility associated with Business Correspondents in branchless areas.
A student could treat this as an authoritative textbook formulation to motivate checking RBI/Bank BC guidelines or scheme descriptions to confirm operational cash-in/cash-out roles.
Defines the basic distinguishing feature of banks as accepting demand deposits (whereas NBFIs do not).
A student could infer that agents/arrangements used by banks (e.g., BCs) are logically tied to the bank's core function of accepting/returning deposits and so seek procedural rules enabling BCs to handle such deposits/withdrawals.
Describes 'Payments Banks' as institutions that can accept deposits (current/savings) and issue debit cards—illustrating specialized bank models aimed at financial inclusion.
One could extend this by noting niche banks aiming for inclusion often rely on field agents/technology in underserved areas, so it suggests a plausible operational context where BCs provide deposit/withdrawal services.
Explains small finance/payment banks' purpose to further financial inclusion and undertake basic banking activities including acceptance of deposits in underserved areas.
A student could combine this with knowledge of branchless banking strategies to infer that banking correspondents/agents are a likely delivery channel for deposits/withdrawals in rural locations.
Describes Regional Rural Banks' mandate to develop the rural economy by providing credit and other facilities to rural clientele.
A student might reason that to deliver such facilities in remote locations, banks or their sponsored agents (e.g., BCs) would need mechanisms to handle cash transactions locally, prompting verification from operational guidelines.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. This was the flagship feature of the 'Swabhimaan' campaign and later PMJDY. If you read the PIB release for the scheme, these two points were the headline benefits.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Financial Inclusion > Banking Models > The Principal-Agent Model (Business Correspondents).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: 1. Liability: The parent Bank is fully responsible for acts/omissions of the BC. 2. Restrictions: BCs cannot offer their own products; they only sell the bank's products. 3. Evolution: BCs now use AePS (Aadhaar Enabled Payment System) for interoperable transactions. 4. Limits: Know the difference between a BC, a Payment Bank, and a Small Finance Bank regarding lending powers.
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Adopt a 'User-Centric' view. Don't just memorize the scheme name. Ask: 'If I am an illiterate beneficiary in a remote village, what specific problems does this solve for me?' (e.g., travel cost to branch vs. local cash-out).
DBT is the primary policy mechanism for transferring government subsidies and cash benefits directly to beneficiaries' bank accounts, which is central to questions about how beneficiaries receive payments.
High-yield for UPSC: DBT appears frequently in governance/economy questions about subsidy reform, leakages, and welfare delivery. Understand its objectives (reduce leakages, Aadhaar-linking, savings), variants (LPG, fertiliser), and implementation challenges. Links to financial inclusion, Aadhaar authentication, and digital payments. Study official DBT case studies and scheme-specific modalities to answer both static and contemporary questions.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > 9.2.2 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) > p. 286
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 9: Subsidies > DBT in Fertilizer: > p. 290
JAM is the enabling framework for direct transfers and financial inclusion that underpins how subsidies and social security benefits can reach intended beneficiaries.
Essential for UPSC aspirants: JAM is repeatedly tested in governance, public policy, and economy segments as it explains the infrastructure for targeted transfers and reducing intermediaries. Master the components, objectives, and outcomes (e.g., Jan Dhan accounts, Aadhaar-based identification, mobile connectivity), and relate to schemes like DBT and financial inclusion measures.
- Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > JAM Trinity: Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile > p. 779
- Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Disbanding Planning Commission and Setting up NITI Aayog > p. 780
e-RUPI represents an alternative digital modality for delivering benefits to specific beneficiaries via banks, showing how non-cash approaches can operate alongside DBT.
Useful for contemporary questions on digital governance and welfare delivery: knowing voucher-based delivery (e-RUPI) helps distinguish cash transfers from in-kind or restricted-use digital instruments. Connects to NPCI, banks' role in beneficiary lists and voucher issuance — relevant for answers on innovation in service delivery and scheme design.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > E-RUPI: It is different from CBDC, its just a voucher > p. 79
The question concerns deposit/withdrawal services; reference [2] distinguishes banks by their ability to accept demand deposits, which is the core function enabling deposits and withdrawals.
High-yield concept for UPSC banking questions: knowing the legal/functional difference between banks and NBFIs helps answer questions on who can accept deposits, and underpins policies on financial inclusion and delivery channels. It connects to topics on financial sector structure, regulation, and delivery of services in rural areas. Prepare by memorizing the defining functions and regulatory implications and practicing application-based MCQs.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 2.17 Indian Financial System > p. 81
Payments and small finance banks are discussed in references [7] and [10], showing which deposit products such niche banks can accept—relevant to understanding who can provide deposit/withdrawal services in rural/branchless settings.
Useful for questions on differentiated banking models and financial inclusion: examiners often ask about what payments banks vs small finance banks can/cannot do (types of deposits, lending limits). This links to policy debates on extending basic banking services through alternate models. Learn by comparing permitted activities across bank types and practicing scenario questions.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > Payments Banks > p. 191
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 21. Payment Banks: > p. 87
Reference [8] explains RRBs' mandate to provide credit and other facilities in rural areas, which is conceptually adjacent to questions on delivery of banking services (including deposit/withdrawal) to rural beneficiaries.
RRBs are frequently tested in the context of rural financial inclusion, priority sector lending, and institutional roles in rural credit delivery. Understanding RRBs helps answer questions about which institutions are tasked with serving rural populations and how branchless models might interact with them. Study by mapping institutional roles, ownership, and priority-sector obligations.
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 4. Co-operative Banks: > p. 82
The Liability Trap: A future statement might ask, 'In case of fraud by a Business Correspondent, the loss is borne by the beneficiary.' FALSE. The RBI guidelines explicitly state that the parent Bank is fully responsible for the acts of its BCs (Agency Principal Rule).
Teleological (Purpose-Driven) Logic: The goal of the scheme is 'Branchless Banking' in 'unbanked areas'. If the BC could NOT accept deposits or give cash (Statement 2) or disburse subsidies (Statement 1), they would fail to replace the basic functions of a branch. For the scheme to have any utility, both functions are logically mandatory.
Mains GS-3 (Inclusive Growth) & GS-2 (Governance): The BC model is the 'Human Layer' of the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile). While Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) provides the rails, BCs provide the 'High Touch' interface necessary for digital illiterates, bridging the gap between tech and trust.