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Q34 (IAS/2014) Miscellaneous & General Knowledge › Important Days, Places & Events › Global events and movements Official Key

Recently, a series of uprisings of people referred to as 'Arab Spring' originally started from

Explanation

The Arab Spring refers to a series of mass protests that began at the start of 2011.[2] The protests were initially triggered by the actions of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire after his fruit cart was seized by police.[3] This self-immolation in December 2010 sparked widespread protests in Tunisia that quickly spread across the Arab world. The uprisings eventually affected Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria.[5] While the movement spread to several countries including Egypt, Syria, and others, Tunisia was unequivocally the starting point. Mohamed Bouazizi's desperate act became a catalyst for demanding political reforms, economic opportunities, and an end to authoritarian rule across the region.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/arab-spring
  2. [2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/arab-spring
  3. [3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/arab-spring
  4. [4] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/arab-spring
  5. [5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/arab-spring
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Q. Recently, a series of uprisings of people referred to as 'Arab Spring' originally started from [A] Egypt [B] Lebanon [C] Syria [D] Tu…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a classic 'Lagging Current Affairs' question. By 2014, the Arab Spring (2010-11) was established history. The lesson: Major geopolitical waves remain fair game for 3-4 years, but the focus shifts to their *origin points* and *chronology* rather than daily updates.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Egypt?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the protests were initially triggered by the actions of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire after his fruit cart was seized by police."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the initial trigger of the Arab Spring as the actions of a Tunisian street vendor, indicating the uprisings began in Tunisia, not Egypt.
  • Names Mohamed Bouazizi (Tunisian) as the catalyst whose act led to massive demonstrations and subsequent ouster of regimes.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"a timeline of events for the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria"
Why this source?
  • Provides a timeline of events listing Tunisia before Egypt among the revolutions, implying Tunisia's central role at the start of the Arab Spring.
  • Places Tunisia first in a sequence of countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria) relevant to the uprisings' timeline.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
Strength: 5/5
“● These uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localised and occurred at different times in different regions. ● They mostly arose out of local grievances. ● The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backwardlooking, traditional in outlook and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social set-up. ● If many of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some 'national' impulse or common effort, but because they were protesting against conditions that were common to them. ● These rebellions were centuries-old in form and ideological / cultural content. ● Those who were not so uncooperative or obstinate were pacified through concessions by the authorities. ● The methods and arms used by the fighters in these uprisings were practically obsolete compared to the weapons and strategy—as well as deception and chicanery—employed by their opponents.”
Why relevant

Describes general characteristics of uprisings as often localised and arising from local grievances.

How to extend

A student could use this rule to check whether the Arab Spring began with localized grievances in one country (e.g., Tunisia) before spreading to Egypt, rather than originating in Egypt.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
Strength: 4/5
“These uprisings in most cases represented common conditions, though separated in time and place. The semi-feudal leaders of civil uprisings were backward looking and traditional in outlook. Their basic objective was to restore earlier forms of rule and social relations. These uprisings were the result of local causes and grievances and were also localised in their consequences.”
Why relevant

Reinforces that many civil uprisings represent separate, region-specific protests rather than a single origin.

How to extend

Apply this pattern to the Arab Spring by investigating which country shows the earliest localized protest events and grievances.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Hungarian Revolution > p. 254
Strength: 3/5
“The Hungarian leader Rakosi, appointed as premier during the regime of Stalin was dismissed in 1953. It resulted in the election of Imre Nagy as premier. But Nagy enjoyed support neither from his government nor from the Russians. Rakosi continued to control the Communist Party. Writers and intellectuals led the protest, demanding the resignation of Rakosi. Though Rakosi was removed from power in July 1956, the opposition continued. The Hungarian Uprising occurred simultaneously with the Anglo-French-Israeli attack on Egypt in the Suez affair. The matter was taken up at the Security Council which decided to demand the immediate withdrawal of”
Why relevant

Gives an example where two significant events (Hungarian Uprising and Suez affair) occurred simultaneously in different places, illustrating that major uprisings need not begin in the same country.

How to extend

Use the simultaneity idea to consider that the Arab Spring could have multiple early flashpoints; check chronological order of initial protests across Arab countries.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Changing Cultural Traditions > TIMELINE IV (с. 1700 то 2000) > p. 129
Strength: 4/5
“As many as two-thirds die on board ship itself; EUROPE: Emelian Pugachev heads a peasant uprising (1773-75) that sweeps across Russia • DATES: 1780-90; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: Beginning of the French Revolution* (1789) • DATES: 1790-1800; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: • DATES: 1800-10; AFRICA: Mohammed Ali rules Egypt, 1805-48; Egypt breaks away from Ottoman empire; EUROPE: • DATES: 1810-20; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: • DATES: 1820-30; AFRICA: Liberia founded (1822) in West Africa as home for freed slaves; EUROPE: Louis Braille develops a system of finger reading* (1823); passenger trains introduced in England (1825) • DATES: 1830-40; AFRICA: Abdal-Kadir leads Arab resistance (1832-47) against French presence in Algeria; EUROPE: • DATES: 1840-50; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: Liberal and socialist movements in several European countries (1848) • DATES: 1850-60; AFRICA: ; EUROPE:”
Why relevant

Presents a timeline approach to historical events, implying the usefulness of dating events to establish origins.

How to extend

A student could follow this example and create/consult a timeline of Arab Spring protests to identify which country had the earliest large-scale uprising.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Foreign Policy and Relations with other Countries > p. 701
Strength: 2/5
“The pro-Arab stand had mixed results, especially after the war with Pakistan. While some of the Arab governments remained neutral (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, for instance), the conservative pro-American Arab monarchies in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and United Arab”
Why relevant

Identifies Egypt as an Arab country among others, confirming its relevance when discussing where an 'Arab Spring' could start.

How to extend

Combine this with timelines and local-grievance patterns to compare Egypt's protest dates with those in other Arab countries.

Statement 2
Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Lebanon?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the protests were initially triggered by the actions of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire after his fruit cart was seized by police."
Why this source?
  • States the initial trigger of the Arab Spring was Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street vendor, identifying Tunisia (not Lebanon) as the starting point.
  • Explicitly ties the beginning of the uprisings to an event in Tunisia, directly refuting the claim that they began in Lebanon.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"a timeline of events for the revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria, which are relevant to the rest of this book."
Why this source?
  • Provides a timeline of Arab Spring revolutions listing Tunisia first among the countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria).
  • By listing Tunisia at the start of the timeline, it further indicates the uprisings began in Tunisia rather than Lebanon.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) > p. 249
Strength: 4/5
“In February 1955, Iraq and Turkey signed a "pact of mutual cooperation" at Baghdad. The membership was open to all countries in the region. In April, Great Britain joined the Pact, followed by Pakistan and Iran. The aim was to check communist influence. A series of events took place in Middle East in 1958 which threatened regional stability: the Egypt–Syria union, revolution in Iraq and civil unrest in Lebanon. In response to these developments, the United States intervened in Lebanon.”
Why relevant

Notes that civil unrest occurred in Lebanon (1958) and that the US intervened — an example showing Lebanon has experienced notable, regionally significant uprisings in the past.

How to extend

A student could compare the known location and date of the Arab Spring (using basic external chronology) with this example to judge whether Lebanon was the original starting point.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
Strength: 5/5
“● These uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localised and occurred at different times in different regions. ● They mostly arose out of local grievances. ● The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backwardlooking, traditional in outlook and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social set-up. ● If many of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some 'national' impulse or common effort, but because they were protesting against conditions that were common to them. ● These rebellions were centuries-old in form and ideological / cultural content. ● Those who were not so uncooperative or obstinate were pacified through concessions by the authorities. ● The methods and arms used by the fighters in these uprisings were practically obsolete compared to the weapons and strategy—as well as deception and chicanery—employed by their opponents.”
Why relevant

Describes a general pattern: many uprisings are localised and arise out of local grievances rather than a single regional origin.

How to extend

Apply this pattern by checking where the earliest 2010–2011 protests began (which country had the triggering local grievance) to see if Lebanon fits that typical ‘local origin’ model.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
Strength: 5/5
“These uprisings in most cases represented common conditions, though separated in time and place. The semi-feudal leaders of civil uprisings were backward looking and traditional in outlook. Their basic objective was to restore earlier forms of rule and social relations. These uprisings were the result of local causes and grievances and were also localised in their consequences.”
Why relevant

Reinforces that civil uprisings generally result from local causes and are localised in consequences, suggesting origins are often specific to one country or locality.

How to extend

Use this rule to investigate the initial location of the Arab Spring protests (identify the specific country with the earliest mass protests) to test whether Lebanon was that locality.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Summary > p. 260
Strength: 3/5
“US intervention in Lebanon was opposed by • (a) Turkey (b) Iraq • • (c) India (d) Pakistan 12th_History_EM_Unit_15.indd 260 02-01-2023 15:44:33”
Why relevant

Highlights that US intervention in Lebanon was a notable historical response, indicating Lebanon’s history of attracting external attention during unrest.

How to extend

Contrast Lebanon’s history of external intervention with the early Arab Spring sequence (which governments/actors were first involved) to see if Lebanon was the initiating site.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
Strength: 3/5
“As the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state in November 1947, conflict broke out almost immediately between Jews and Arabs in Palestine. On the eve of the British forces' withdrawal (May 15, 1948), Israel declared independence. By 1966 the U.S. providing began to Israel with advanced planes and missiles. The Cold War had come to the Middle East, and the UN was out of the scene. Over the next few months, tensions increased between Israel and the surrounding Arab states. In April 1967 there were artillery exchanges between Israel and Syria. The U.S.”
Why relevant

Shows the Middle East has had multiple distinct regional conflicts (e.g., Arab–Israeli tensions), implying the region’s political unrest can have many independent starting points.

How to extend

A student can use this idea plus a simple timeline/map to locate the specific origin of the Arab Spring among different Middle East countries rather than assuming Lebanon.

Statement 3
Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Syria?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the protests were initially triggered by the actions of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the initial trigger of the Arab Spring as the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia.
  • By naming Tunisia as the catalyst, this passage directly refutes the claim that the uprisings originally started in Syria.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"This is the name given to a series of mass protests that began at the start of 2011."
Why this source?
  • States that the Arab Spring refers to a series of mass protests that began at the start of 2011, providing timing context for the Tunisia origin.
  • Places the uprisings as a regional wave rather than originating in Syria specifically.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
Strength: 5/5
“● These uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localised and occurred at different times in different regions. ● They mostly arose out of local grievances. ● The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backwardlooking, traditional in outlook and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social set-up. ● If many of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some 'national' impulse or common effort, but because they were protesting against conditions that were common to them. ● These rebellions were centuries-old in form and ideological / cultural content. ● Those who were not so uncooperative or obstinate were pacified through concessions by the authorities. ● The methods and arms used by the fighters in these uprisings were practically obsolete compared to the weapons and strategy—as well as deception and chicanery—employed by their opponents.”
Why relevant

Describes a general pattern that many uprisings are localised and arise from local grievances rather than a single, simultaneous regional impulse.

How to extend

A student could use this rule to check whether the Arab Spring began as a local event (e.g., in Tunisia) and then spread, rather than originating in Syria.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
Strength: 4/5
“These uprisings in most cases represented common conditions, though separated in time and place. The semi-feudal leaders of civil uprisings were backward looking and traditional in outlook. Their basic objective was to restore earlier forms of rule and social relations. These uprisings were the result of local causes and grievances and were also localised in their consequences.”
Why relevant

Reinforces the pattern that civil uprisings typically result from local causes and are geographically separate in origin.

How to extend

Apply this pattern to the Arab Spring by investigating which country had the initial local trigger before regional diffusion.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
Strength: 3/5
“As the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state in November 1947, conflict broke out almost immediately between Jews and Arabs in Palestine. On the eve of the British forces' withdrawal (May 15, 1948), Israel declared independence. By 1966 the U.S. providing began to Israel with advanced planes and missiles. The Cold War had come to the Middle East, and the UN was out of the scene. Over the next few months, tensions increased between Israel and the surrounding Arab states. In April 1967 there were artillery exchanges between Israel and Syria. The U.S.”
Why relevant

Summarises that the Middle East has had multiple, distinct conflicts (e.g., Palestine/Israel, exchanges with Syria) over time, implying the region contains many separate political flashpoints.

How to extend

A student could use a map/timeline to compare where and when various modern regional uprisings began to see if Syria was the earliest flashpoint in the Arab Spring period.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Foreign Policy and Relations with other Countries > p. 701
Strength: 2/5
“The pro-Arab stand had mixed results, especially after the war with Pakistan. While some of the Arab governments remained neutral (Egypt, Algeria, Syria, for instance), the conservative pro-American Arab monarchies in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and United Arab”
Why relevant

Lists Syria among several Arab governments with differing stances, indicating Syria was one actor among many rather than a uniquely central starting point.

How to extend

Combine this with a chronology of Arab Spring events to see whether Syria was the origin or one affected country among others.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: An Empire Across Three Continents > Late Antiquity > p. 54
Strength: 2/5
“The expansion of Islam from its beginnings in Arabia has been called 'the greatest political revolution ever to occur in the history of the ancient world'. By 642, barely ten years after the Prophet Muhammad's death, large parts of both the eastern Roman and Sasanian empires had fallen to the Arabs in a series of stunning confrontations. However, we should bear in mind that those conquests, which eventually (a century later) extended as far afield as Spain, Sind and Central Asia, began in fact with the subjection of the Arab tribes by the emerging Islamic state, first within Arabia and then in the Syrian desert and on the fringes of Iraq.”
Why relevant

Gives a historical note that Arab political activity and expansion have often involved Syria and the Syrian desert as important arenas.

How to extend

Use basic external historical/geographic knowledge to recognise Syria's long-term regional role, then check modern timelines to determine if that historical prominence implies it was the starting point of the Arab Spring.

Statement 4
Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Tunisia?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the protests were initially triggered by the actions of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire after his fruit cart was seized by police."
Why this source?
  • Directly identifies the initial trigger as the actions of a Tunisian individual (Mohamed Bouazizi).
  • States the protests were 'initially triggered' by that Tunisian incident, linking Tunisia to the start of the uprisings.
Web source
Presence: 2/5
"This is the name given to a series of mass protests that began at the start of 2011."
Why this source?
  • States when the Arab Spring began (start of 2011), providing temporal context consistent with the Tunisian trigger.
  • Frames the events as a series of mass protests that began at that time, supporting that a single early incident could have started the wave.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"we focus on four countries in the Arab world that have had uprisings: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Yemen"
Why this source?
  • Lists Tunisia among the countries that experienced uprisings during the Arab Spring.
  • Shows Tunisia was one of the central countries involved in the uprisings the report examines.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
Strength: 5/5
“● These uprisings drew a large number of participants but were, in fact, localised and occurred at different times in different regions. ● They mostly arose out of local grievances. ● The leadership was semi-feudal in character, backwardlooking, traditional in outlook and their resistance did not offer alternatives to the existing social set-up. ● If many of these revolts seemed similar to one another in wanting to oust the alien rule, it was not because of some 'national' impulse or common effort, but because they were protesting against conditions that were common to them. ● These rebellions were centuries-old in form and ideological / cultural content. ● Those who were not so uncooperative or obstinate were pacified through concessions by the authorities. ● The methods and arms used by the fighters in these uprisings were practically obsolete compared to the weapons and strategy—as well as deception and chicanery—employed by their opponents.”
Why relevant

Describes a pattern that uprisings often arise from local grievances and are initially localised before wider effects.

How to extend

A student could take this rule plus known geography/timeline to check whether an initial local Tunisian protest later spread regionally.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
Strength: 4/5
“These uprisings in most cases represented common conditions, though separated in time and place. The semi-feudal leaders of civil uprisings were backward looking and traditional in outlook. Their basic objective was to restore earlier forms of rule and social relations. These uprisings were the result of local causes and grievances and were also localised in their consequences.”
Why relevant

Summarises general characteristics of civil uprisings: they result from local causes and can be separated in time and place.

How to extend

Use this pattern to examine sources about the Arab Spring to see if it began as a local cause in one country (e.g., Tunisia) before expanding.

India and the Contemporary World - I. History-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution > Activity > p. 29
Strength: 3/5
“The uprising emerged against a background of growing discontent against the policies of the French state. The 'Paris Commune' was ultimately crushed by government troops but it was celebrated by Socialists the world over as a prelude to a socialist revolution.The Paris Commune is also popularly remembered for two important legacies: one, for its association with the workers' red flag – that was the flag adopted by the communards ( revolutionaries) in Paris; two, for the 'Marseillaise', originally written as a war song in 1792, it became a symbol of the Commune and of the struggle for liberty.”
Why relevant

Gives an example (Paris Commune) of an uprising emerging from local discontent and later being seen as a broader political moment.

How to extend

Compare the Paris Commune example to the Arab Spring: check whether a local incident in Tunisia was later interpreted as the start of a regional movement.

Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Changing Cultural Traditions > TIMELINE IV (с. 1700 то 2000) > p. 129
Strength: 3/5
“As many as two-thirds die on board ship itself; EUROPE: Emelian Pugachev heads a peasant uprising (1773-75) that sweeps across Russia • DATES: 1780-90; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: Beginning of the French Revolution* (1789) • DATES: 1790-1800; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: • DATES: 1800-10; AFRICA: Mohammed Ali rules Egypt, 1805-48; Egypt breaks away from Ottoman empire; EUROPE: • DATES: 1810-20; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: • DATES: 1820-30; AFRICA: Liberia founded (1822) in West Africa as home for freed slaves; EUROPE: Louis Braille develops a system of finger reading* (1823); passenger trains introduced in England (1825) • DATES: 1830-40; AFRICA: Abdal-Kadir leads Arab resistance (1832-47) against French presence in Algeria; EUROPE: • DATES: 1840-50; AFRICA: ; EUROPE: Liberal and socialist movements in several European countries (1848) • DATES: 1850-60; AFRICA: ; EUROPE:”
Why relevant

Provides a timeline-style listing of uprisings across regions, showing that historically revolts often have identifiable starting events/dates in particular places.

How to extend

A student could look for a specific dated starting event in Tunisia in contemporary timelines to test the claim.

Pattern takeaway: Global disruptions transition from 'Current Affairs' to 'Contemporary GK' after 2 years. UPSC tests the *foundational fact* (the origin) rather than the complex middle when the topic is slightly aged.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. This was the defining geopolitical event of the decade. If you missed this, you weren't reading the news.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: International Relations > West Asia/Middle East Crisis > Political Revolutions.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the **Domino Sequence**: Tunisia (Jasmine Revolution, Dec 2010) -> Egypt (Jan 25 Revolution, 2011) -> Libya (Feb 2011) -> Syria (Mar 2011). Key triggers: **Mohamed Bouazizi** (Tunisia), **Tahrir Square** (Egypt).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When a region explodes, map the **Chronology of Contagion**. UPSC asks 'Who started it?' (Origin) or 'Arrange North to South'. Don't just know the event; know the *spark*.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Local causes versus regional contagion in uprisings
💡 The insight

Several references describe uprisings as localised and driven by specific local grievances, highlighting how revolts often originate from internal causes rather than immediately across a region.

UPSC questions often probe origins and diffusion of political movements; mastering how local socio-economic and leadership factors produce uprisings helps answer 'origin' versus 'spread' questions. Connects to comparative study of revolutions and modern protest movements; prepare by analysing case studies that show local triggers and subsequent regional diffusion.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Egypt?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Suez Crisis and Egypt's geopolitical role in the mid-20th century
💡 The insight

Multiple references recount Egypt's central role in the 1956 Suez affair and related diplomatic responses, showing Egypt as a focal point of regional and international politics.

High-yield for modern history and international relations: Suez is frequently tested for Cold War-era diplomacy, decolonisation, and Non-Aligned Movement contexts. Understanding Suez clarifies why Egypt was a consequential regional actor — useful for questions on Middle Eastern political influence. Study primary outcomes and diplomatic responses (UN, Non-Alignment).

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
  • Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Indi External Relations > Distance from two camps > p. 57
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Egypt?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Egypt as a principal Arab state in regional alignments
💡 The insight

Evidence notes Egypt among Arab governments taking key stances or actions, indicating its importance in Arab politics and foreign-policy positioning.

Knowing Egypt's historical diplomatic and political posture helps answer comparative questions about leadership in the Arab world, alliances, and neutrality. It links to topics on Arab-Israeli conflicts and post-colonial state behaviour; prepare by mapping Egypt's roles in major mid-20th-century crises and alliances.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Foreign Policy and Relations with other Countries > p. 701
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Egypt?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Localised character and causes of uprisings
💡 The insight

Several references discuss uprisings as localised events arising from local grievances and conditions.

Understanding that many uprisings are driven by local grievances helps in assessing origins and diffusion of protests (useful for questions on causes and trajectories of revolutions). This concept links to comparative study of revolts and modern protest waves; practise by comparing case studies and identifying proximate vs structural causes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Weaknesses of People's Uprisings > p. 163
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > General Characteristics of Civil Uprisings > p. 139
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Lebanon?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Foreign intervention in regional unrest (case: US in Lebanon, 1958)
💡 The insight

One reference describes US intervention in Lebanon in response to civil unrest, showing how external powers respond to regional crises.

High-yield for polity/modern history questions on external intervention and its impact on domestic uprisings; helps frame questions about origin vs external escalation. Study by mapping interventions, motives, and outcomes across cases.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) > p. 249
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Lebanon?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Cold War dynamics in Middle East conflicts
💡 The insight

References note Cold War influence in the Middle East (e.g., CENTO aims, US support around Arab–Israeli tensions), which shaped regional instability and responses to uprisings.

Important for linking global geopolitical context to regional uprisings—useful for essays and modern history questions that require situating local events within international frameworks. Revise major Cold War policies and their regional manifestations; compare Cold War-era uprisings with post-Cold War protest waves.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) > p. 249
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Lebanon?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Syria's role in Arab state alignments
💡 The insight

Several references identify Syria as an Arab government and a regional actor (neutrality in some contexts, involvement in Arab–Israeli tensions), which is relevant when assessing claims about Syria's role in regional events.

UPSC aspirants should master how to situate individual states (like Syria) within broader regional politics to avoid attributing regional phenomena to a single country without evidence. This helps answer questions on causes and origins of regional movements and on interstate relations. Prepare by mapping state positions, alliances, and key conflicts from provided sources rather than assuming modern events from historical prominence.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Foreign Policy and Relations with other Countries > p. 701
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > Arab–Israeli War > p. 255
🔗 Anchor: "Did the Arab Spring uprisings originally start in Syria?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The **Jasmine Revolution** refers specifically to Tunisia. Contrast this with the **Cedar Revolution** (Lebanon, 2005) or the **Orange Revolution** (Ukraine, 2004). UPSC loves 'Match the Revolution to the Country' questions.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Apply the **'Spark vs. Fire' Logic**. Egypt (Tahrir Square) was the biggest *fire* (most news coverage), but Tunisia was the *spark*. In historical waves, the trigger is usually a smaller, specific incident (like Serbia in WWI) before the major powers (Egypt/Syria) get involved.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-2 (Indian Diaspora & Energy Security): The Arab Spring destabilized the region, leading to oil price volatility and massive evacuation missions like **Operation Homecoming** (Libya, 2011). Instability in West Asia directly impacts India's energy bill and remittances.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CDS-I · 2015 · Q73 Relevance score: -4.65

Which of the following is/are the characteristics) of the Sannyasi and Fakir uprisings ? 1. These uprisings refer to a series of skirmishes between the English East India Company and a group of sannyasis and fakirs. 2. One reason for the uprising was the ban on free movement of the sannyasis along pilgrimage routes. 3. In the course of the uprisings in 1773, Warren Hastings issued a proclamation banishing all sannyasis from Bengal and Bihar. 4. Are contemporaneous with the Non-Cooperation Movement. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

IAS · 2008 · Q41 Relevance score: -5.79

Yom Kippur War was fought between which sides/countries?

IAS · 1996 · Q68 Relevance score: -6.07

The rough outline map shows a portion of the Middle East. The countries labelled A, B, C and D are respectively

CDS-II · 2009 · Q109 Relevance score: -6.12

Israel has common borders with

IAS · 2003 · Q77 Relevance score: -6.19

Israel has common borders with