Question map
Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?
Explanation
The correct answer is option D - Namdapha National Park. Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh is unique among Indian national parks due to its exceptional altitudinal range, spanning from approximately 200 meters to over 4,500 meters above sea level. This dramatic elevation gradient creates distinct climatic zones within the park boundaries.
The park encompasses tropical-subtropical[4] forests at lower elevations and temperate-boreal[3] forests and woodlands at higher altitudes. As elevation increases further, the climate transitions through temperate zones into alpine and arctic conditions near the peaks. This makes Namdapha one of the few protected areas in the world where such a complete spectrum of climatic zones exists within a single park.
The other options - Khangchendzonga, Nandadevi, and Neora Valley National Parks - while located in mountainous regions with significant elevation ranges, do not encompass the same comprehensive range from tropical through arctic zones. Namdapha's location in the Eastern Himalayas and its vast altitudinal span give it this distinctive characteristic, supporting an incredibly diverse range of ecosystems and species adapted to different climatic conditions.
Sources- [1] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-037-En.pdf
- [2] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-037-En.pdf
- [3] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-037-En.pdf
- [4] https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-037-En.pdf
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Superlative' question. UPSC loves National Parks that hold a unique record (e.g., 'only floating park', 'widest climate range'). The phrase 'Tropical to Arctic' is the specific Unique Selling Point (USP) of Namdapha in standard geography and environment modules.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Does Khangchendzonga National Park have a climate that ranges from tropical and subtropical through temperate to arctic?
- Statement 2: Does Nanda Devi National Park have a climate that ranges from tropical and subtropical through temperate to arctic?
- Statement 3: Does Neora Valley National Park have a climate that ranges from tropical and subtropical through temperate to arctic?
- Statement 4: Does Namdapha National Park have a climate that ranges from tropical and subtropical through temperate to arctic?
Explains that the Himalayas include alpine (cold/snowy) climates and lower Himalayan zones are temperate, while lower plains are subtropicalâshowing vertical zonation in Himalayan regions.
A student could combine this rule of vertical climatic zonation with the park's position in the Himalayas and its elevation range (from a map or park data) to judge whether multiple climate bands are plausible.
States latitude (Tropic of Cancer) splits India into tropical and subtropical/temperate zones, giving a latitudinal basis for different climate zones within India.
Using the park's latitude on a map relative to the Tropic of Cancer, a student could infer whether tropical/subtropical influences are possible at lower elevations of the park.
Reiterates that parts of India south of the Tropic of Cancer are tropical and areas north are subtropicalâuseful for assessing broad climatic potential of northern Himalayan locations.
Combine the park's latitudinal location with this latitudinal climate division to assess likely presence of tropical/subtropical versus temperate zones at different elevations.
Defines warm temperate (mid-latitude) climates and their latitude bands (30°â50°) and characteristics, supplying a framework for identifying temperate climate at certain latitudes/elevations.
A student could compare the park's latitude and known elevation-dependent lapse rates (standard outside knowledge) to see if temperate conditions could occur within the park.
Describes the progression from sub-Arctic/taiga to Arctic tundra poleward and the concept of climate zones changing with latitude, a general pattern of zonation.
Using this pattern, a student could reason that extremely high elevations (analogous to higher latitudes in climatic effect) in the park might support arctic-like climates, if elevations are sufficient.
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