In the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, an initiative of six countries, which of the following is/are not a participant/participants? 1. Bangladesh 2. Cambodia 3. China 4. Myanmar 5. Thailand Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Notes that Bangladesh is included in India's Act East/Look East efforts to link South Asia with Southeast Asia, implying Bangladesh is considered a connector in sub‑regional initiatives.

A student could use a regional map and lists of sub‑regional groupings to see if Bangladesh is commonly included among initiatives bridging South and Southeast Asia (like Mekong–Ganga) and then check the MGC membership list.

Describes the Kolkata–Kunming corridor route crossing Bangladesh, showing Bangladesh's geographic and policy role in sub‑regional connectivity projects between South and Southeast Asia.

One could infer Bangladesh's participation tendency in connectivity initiatives and then verify if such tendencies extend to membership of Mekong–Ganga Cooperation by comparing corridor participants with MGC members.

Discusses an international canal project where a feeder canal portion lies in Bangladesh, illustrating Bangladesh's involvement in multilateral river/cooperation agreements related to Ganga/Brahmaputra systems.

A student could combine this pattern (Bangladesh participates in river/cooperation projects tied to the Ganga) with knowledge that the MGC links Ganga and Mekong basins to judge whether Bangladesh’s river‑link role makes it a plausible MGC participant, then check membership.

Lists examples of regional cooperation (e.g., SAFTA, river‑water sharing) showing South Asian states commonly enter multilateral cooperative frameworks.

Use this pattern—South Asian states frequently join regional initiatives—to motivate checking whether Bangladesh has joined the specific six‑country Mekong–Ganga Cooperation grouping.

This snippet gives a clear example of how some regional initiatives distinguish 'Member countries' from 'Outreach countries' and lists Cambodia explicitly as an 'Outreach country'.

A student could use the pattern (member vs outreach lists) to check an authoritative Mekong–Ganga participant list and see whether Cambodia is a full member or only an outreach partner.

Identifies Cambodia as part of the Indo‑Burma geographic region, linking it geographically to Mekong‑area initiatives.

A student could combine this geographic fact with knowledge that Mekong‑Ganga Cooperation involves Mekong basin countries to assess the plausibility of Cambodia's involvement.

Lists Cambodia among regional 'Tiger Range Countries,' showing it participates in regionally focused multilateral conservation frameworks.

A student could generalize that Cambodia often appears in Southeast Asian cooperative frameworks and thus should check whether it is a full member or an outreach partner in Mekong‑Ganga Cooperation.

Shows China initiates and joins regional multi-country connectivity projects (e.g., BCIM corridor linking Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar).

A student could use this pattern to check whether China also joins other regional river/corridor initiatives like Mekong–Ganga by comparing membership lists of such initiatives.

Describes Chinese advocacy for multi-country institutional tie-ups in the India–Myanmar–Bangladesh–China area to address non-traditional security and connectivity.

Use this tendency as a clue to look up whether China participates in Mekong–Ganga groupings that involve South and Southeast Asian connectivity.

Notes China's role in broader East Asian regional arrangements (e.g., ASEAN+1 FTAs and RCEP), indicating China commonly participates in multilateral regional frameworks.

Apply this general rule (China often joins regional multilateral forums) to suspect its presence or absence in Mekong–Ganga, and then verify membership lists.

States China is a key external player in South Asian politics and that Sino–Indian relations have complex multilateral dimensions.

Treat China as an influential external actor whose involvement in South/Southeast Asian initiatives is plausible—check Mekong–Ganga participants accordingly.

Mentions Chinese projects affecting transboundary rivers (dams on the Brahmaputra), showing China engages directly in river-basin issues in the region.

Given China’s river-basin involvement, a student might examine whether river-focused cooperation like Mekong–Ganga includes or excludes China based on riparian geography and political alignment.

Says India’s Act East policy wants to link up with Southeast Asia via Myanmar, showing Myanmar is treated as a bridge between India and Southeast Asian cooperative initiatives.

A student could use this rule (Myanmar as India's link to SE Asia) plus a map of Mekong-region countries to judge whether Myanmar would naturally be included in an India–Mekong multilateral initiative.

Describes multilateral projects (Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar) and regional institutional tie-ups involving Myanmar, indicating Myanmar’s participation in subregional cooperative groupings.

One could extend this pattern (Myanmar often included in regional institutional projects) to hypothesize its inclusion in similarly named Mekong–Ganga cooperation and then verify membership lists.

Notes India is negotiating bilateral protocols with Myanmar (e.g., on conservation), showing Myanmar is a recognized partner in India’s regional cooperation efforts.

From this, a student could infer that multilateral India-led initiatives often include Myanmar and so should check multilateral membership records for Mekong–Ganga cooperation.

Discusses Bangladesh–Myanmar interactions and regional issues (migration), illustrating Myanmar’s active role in South and Southeast Asian regional affairs.

A student could combine this with knowledge of which countries sit in the Mekong basin to see whether Myanmar’s regional role makes it a plausible Mekong–Ganga partner.

Lists ASEAN’s external economic partners and the practice of grouping countries for regional agreements, showing a pattern of multilateral groupings in the region that sometimes include India.

Using this pattern of ASEAN+1 and India’s inclusion in groupings, a student could look for similarly structured groupings (like Mekong–Ganga) and then check which Mekong countries are paired with India.

Defines the Indo‑Burma region and explicitly lists Thailand among countries that span the Mekong/Indo‑Burma area.

A student could use a map of the Mekong basin to note Thailand's geographic membership in the Mekong subregion, making it a plausible participant in Mekong‑focused initiatives.

Describes India’s 'Act East' policy emphasising cooperation with ASEAN and the Asia‑Pacific through continuous regional engagement.

One can infer India’s willingness to create/engage in India+Mekong multilateral mechanisms and then check whether Thailand, an ASEAN member, is included in such India‑led Mekong initiatives.

Notes Thailand in the context of ASEAN and mentions the ASEAN‑India FTA, showing institutional links between India and ASEAN states including Thailand.

Given ASEAN‑India linkages, a student could reasonably suspect Thailand participates in India‑Mekong cooperative forums and then verify membership lists of the Mekong‑Ganga Cooperation.

Lists a multilateral 'Mission' whose member countries include India, Thailand and Vietnam, indicating Thailand’s participation in India‑centred regional cooperative efforts.

Use this pattern (Thailand joining India‑led regional groups) as a basis to check whether Thailand is also part of the specific six‑country Mekong‑Ganga Cooperation.

Describes the East Asia Summit as a regional forum of multiple Asia‑Pacific countries (including India) for strategic dialogue and cooperation.

Shows the precedent of multilateral regional platforms linking India with East/Southeast Asian states; a student could therefore look for similar India‑Mekong groupings and test Thailand’s membership.