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Q83 (IAS/2015) Polity & Governance β€Ί Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Fundamental Duties β€Ί Fundamental Duties framework Official Key

"To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India" is a provision made in the

Result
Your answer: β€”  Β·  Correct: D
Explanation

Article 51A(c) states that it is the duty of all citizens "to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India."[1] The Fundamental Duties are incorporated in Article 51A [Part IVA], which has been inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.[2] According to Article 51A, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.[3]

The provision "to uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India" is specifically part of the Fundamental Duties, not the Preamble, Directive Principles, or Fundamental Rights. The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment in 1976, inspired by the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. This particular duty emphasizes every citizen's responsibility to maintain India's territorial integrity and national unity, making it a constitutional obligation rather than just an ideal or a justiciable right.

Sources
  1. [2] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
  2. [3] Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
How others answered
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Out of everyone who attempted this question.
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got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India" is a provision made in the [A] Preamble of the Constitution [B] D…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 2.5/10 Β· 7.5/10
Statement 1
Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India"?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"shall be the duty of every citizen of Indiaβ€” ... (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;"
Why this source?
  • This passage lists fundamental duties and explicitly includes the exact phrase as duty (c).
  • Shows the phrase is part of the duties of citizens, not presented as part of the Preamble in this excerpt.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"promote national integration, reflecting the country's commitment to sovereignty, socialism, secularism and democracy;"
Why this source?
  • Discusses displaying the Preamble and states it reflects commitment to 'sovereignty, socialism, secularism and democracy'.
  • Indicates the Preamble expresses commitment to 'sovereignty' generally, but does not quote the full phrase 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India', supporting that the exact provision is elsewhere.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > TEXT OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 42
Strength: 5/5
β€œThe Preamble in its present form reads: "We, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:" JUSTICE, Social, Economic and Political: LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION".”
Why relevant

Gives the full current text of the Preamble which explicitly contains the phrase 'FRATERNITY ... and the unity and integrity of the Nation' but does not show the words 'uphold and protect'.

How to extend

A student can compare the exact wording shown here with the quoted phrase to see which words match or differ.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > EVERY Constitution has a philosophy of its own. > p. 22
Strength: 4/5
β€œINTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA It will be seen that the ideal embodied in the above The Preamble. Resolution is faithfully reflected in the Preamble to the Constitution, which, as amended in 1976,​ summarises the aims and objects of the Constitution: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the unity and integrity of the Nation: IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITU-TION.”
Why relevant

Provides an amended version of the Preamble text (post-1976) including 'unity and integrity of the Nation' and shows the Preamble's aims and objects.

How to extend

Use this to check whether 'uphold and protect' appears in the Preamble or instead elsewhere in the Constitution.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 28
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe Indian Constitution, therefore, does not seek to abolish private property altogether but seeks to put it under restrictions so that it may be used in the interests of the nation, which includes the upliftment of the poor. Need for Unity and Unity amongst the inhabitants of this vast sub-continent, Integrity of the to-l-n as undel- by a multitude of problems and fissiparous Nation forces, was the first requisite for maintaining the independence of the country as well as to make the experiment of democracy successful. The ideal of unity has been buttressed by adding the words 'and integrity' of the Nation, in the Preamble, by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976.”
Why relevant

Explains that the words 'and integrity' were added by the 42nd Amendment, showing how specific wording in the Preamble can be amended.

How to extend

A student might look up the text of the 42nd Amendment (or its effect) to verify which exact phrases were inserted into the Preamble versus other parts of the Constitution.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
Strength: 5/5
β€œt LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES According to Article 5, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the nation's struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. l”
Why relevant

Shows that the exact phrase 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' is used as a Fundamental Duty in Article 51A, not (according to this snippet) in the Preamble.

How to extend

Compare the Fundamental Duties wording here with the Preamble text (snippets 1–2) to determine where the phrase actually appears in the Constitution.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 47
Strength: 3/5
β€œIt observed that the Preamble is of extreme importance and the Constitution should be read and interpreted in the light of the grand and noble vision expressed in the Preamble. In the LIC of India case (1995) also, the Supreme Court again held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution. Like any other part of the Constitution, the Preamble was also enacted by the Constituent Assembly; but after the rest of the Constitution was already enacted. The reason for inserting the Preamble at the end was to ensure that it was in conformity with the Constitution as adopted by the Constituent Assembly.”
Why relevant

States that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and that its precise wording matters for interpretation.

How to extend

Use this rule to justify verifying the exact Preamble text (as given in the other snippets) rather than assuming similar phrases from other constitutional provisions.

Statement 2
Does the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India"?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"51 a, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) To abide by the Constitution ... (c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the line as a duty of every citizen under Article 51A, not as a Directive Principle.
  • Shows the exact phrasing 'To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' within Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The Indian Constitution recognizes two varieties ... Directive Principle of State Policy (Articles 39 to 51)."
Why this source?
  • States which Articles constitute the Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 39 to 51).
  • By delimiting Directive Principles to Articles 39–51, it implies Article 51A (the Fundamental Duties provision) is not part of Directive Principles.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
Strength: 5/5
β€œt LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES According to Article 5, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the nation's struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. l”
Why relevant

This snippet lists the exact phrase "to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India" as a Fundamental Duty (showing that this wording is explicitly located in the Fundamental Duties portion of the Constitution).

How to extend

A student could use this to suspect the phrase belongs to Fundamental Duties (Part IVA) and then check the constitutional part/Article locations for Directive Principles (Part IV) to see if the same wording appears there.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > FEATURES OF THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES > p. 108
Strength: 4/5
β€œ1. The phrase 'Directive Principles of State Policy' denotes the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws. These are the constitutional instructions or recommendations to the State in legislative, executive and administrative matters. According to Article 36, the term 'State' in Part IV has the same meaning as in Part III dealing with Fundamental Rights. Therefore, it includes the legislative and executive organs of the central and state governments, all local authorities and all other public authorities in the country. β€’ 2. The Directive Principles resemble the 'Instrument of Instructions' enumerated in the Government of India Act of 1935.”
Why relevant

Explains that Directive Principles are constitutional instructions in Part IV and defines their purpose and scope (who they bind), clarifying where to look for provisions that belong to DPSP.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the Fundamental Duties location (snippet 7) to compare Part numbers and conclude whether that wording is likely in Part IV or elsewhere.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > IDirective Principles of State Policy > p. 30
Strength: 4/5
β€œa IDirective Principles of State Policy According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Directive Princ iples of State Policy is a 'novel feature' of the Indian Constitution. They are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution. They ca n be classified into three broad categoriessocia listic, Gandhian and liberal-intell ectual. The Directive Principles are meant for promoting the ideal of social and economic democracy. They seek to establish a 'welfare state' in India. However, unlike the Fundamental Rights, the directives are 11011 justiciable in nature, that is, they are not enforceable by the courts for their violation.”
Why relevant

States Directive Principles are enumerated in Part IV and characterises their nature (non-justiciable, aims like welfare state), indicating the thematic content expected in DPSP.

How to extend

A student could judge that a phrase about citizens' duties (upholding sovereignty, unity and integrity) fits the theme of duties rather than the social/economic aims typically found in DPSP, prompting verification of which Part contains it.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIRECTIONAL PRINCIPLES > p. 109
Strength: 3/5
β€œCLASSIFICATION OF THE DIRE;TIVE PRINCIPLES The Constitution does not contain any classification of Directive Principles. However, on the basis of their content and direction, they can be classified into three broad categories, viz, socialistic, Gandhian and liberal-intellectual.”
Why relevant

Notes that Directive Principles can be classified by content (socialistic, Gandhian, liberal-intellectual), suggesting DPSP items are primarily policy/social-economic directions rather than prescriptive citizen duties.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to reason that a phrase framed as an individual duty is less likely to be a DPSP directive and more likely in Fundamental Duties, so they should check the text of Part IV versus Part IVA.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 180
Strength: 3/5
β€œIt has been held that the fundamental rights and the directive principles are the two wheels of the chariot as an aid to make social and economic democracy true.​18. Role of Judiciary in Harmonising the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy. It is significant to note that among several Articles enshrined under Part IV of the Indian Constitution, Article 45 had been given much importance, as education is the basic necessity of the democracy and if the people are denied their right to education, then democracy will be paralyzed; and it was, therefore, emphasised that the”
Why relevant

Emphasises the nature and role of Directive Principles (Part IV) as promoting social and economic democracy, indicating the typical subject-matter of DPSP entries.

How to extend

A student could extend this by noting the thematic mismatch between socio-economic directives and the phrase about protecting sovereignty, leading them to verify the actual constitutional placement.

Statement 3
Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India"?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"shall be the duty of every citizen of Indiaβ€” ... (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly lists the phrase as part of duties: 'shall be the duty of every citizen of India... (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India'.
  • Shows the phrase is in the section describing duties of citizens, not Fundamental Rights.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Article 51A(c) states that it is the duty of all citizens β€œto uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.”"
Why this source?
  • States clearly that sovereignty is mentioned under Fundamental Duties, not Fundamental Rights.
  • Identifies Article 51A(c) as the provision: 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.'
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;"
Why this source?
  • Includes a list of Fundamental Duties where item (c) is exactly 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India'.
  • Reinforces that the phrase is part of the Fundamental Duties provision.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
Strength: 5/5
β€œt LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES According to Article 5, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the nation's struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. l”
Why relevant

This source lists the phrase "to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India" explicitly under the heading 'LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES'.

How to extend

A student could note that the phrase is placed under Fundamental Duties (not Rights) and check the Constitution's Part/Article (Article 51A) to verify whether it is in Part III (Fundamental Rights) or Part IVA (Fundamental Duties).

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
Strength: 5/5
β€œt LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES According to Article SIA, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the nation's struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. l”
Why relevant

Another edition/source repeats the identical item as part of the enumerated Fundamental Duties.

How to extend

Seeing the repeated placement under 'Fundamental Duties' strengthens the hypothesis that the provision belongs to duties; the student can therefore focus verification on Part IVA rather than Part III.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
Strength: 5/5
β€œII. The Fundamental Duties<sup>390</sup> are 10 [now 11]<sup>391</sup> in number, incorporated in Article 51A [Part IVA], which has been inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Under this β€’ Article, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India- β€’ (i) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; β€’ (ii) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; β€’ (iii) to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; β€’ (iv) to defend the country;”
Why relevant

This source explains that Fundamental Duties are incorporated in Article 51A (Part IVA) and explicitly lists 'to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' among those duties.

How to extend

A student can use this structural clue (Article 51A, Part IVA) to look up the constitutional text and confirm whether the phrase appears in Part III or Part IVA.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 92
Strength: 4/5
β€œSo, the Constitution of India has embodied a number of Fundamental Rights in Part III of the Constitution, which are (subject to exceptions, to be mentioned Courts have the power to declare as void laws contravening Fundamental Rights. hereafter) to act as limitations not only upon the powers of the Executive but also upon the powers of the Legislature. Though the model has been taken from the Constitution of the United States, the Indian Constitution does not go so far, and rather effects a compromise between the doctrines of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy.”
Why relevant

Explains that Fundamental Rights are embodied in Part III and are distinct from other constitutional provisions, implying separate placement for different classes of provisions.

How to extend

A student can combine this structural distinction with the duty-list evidence to deduce that the phrase being in the duty list makes it unlikely to be a Fundamental Right.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 4: OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION > p. 46
Strength: 3/5
β€œThe idea of incorporating in the Constitution a "Bill of Rights" has been taken from the Constitution of the United States. But the guarantee of individual rights in our Constitution has been very carefully balanced with the need for the security of the State itself. American experience demonstrates that a written guarantee of fundamental rights has a tendency to engender an atomistic view towards society and the State which may at times prove to be dangerous to the common welfare. Of course. Instead of leaving the matter to the off-chance of judicial protection in particular cases, the Indian Constitution makes each of the fundamental rights subject to legislative control under the terms of the Constitution itself, apart from those exceptional cases where the interests of national security, integrity or welfare should exclude the application of fundamental rights altogether [Articles 3IA-31C]."”
Why relevant

Notes that the Constitution balances guarantees of individual rights with state security and mentions specific articles where national security and integrity can affect rights (articles referenced as exceptions).

How to extend

A student could use this to understand why provisions about sovereignty/unity/integrity might be placed among duties or in different parts, and then check where the specific obligation is codified.

Statement 4
Do the Fundamental Duties in the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India"?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
Presence: 5/5
β€œt LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES According to Article 5, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the nation's struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and cultural differences. l”
Why this source?
  • Snippet lists the Fundamental Duties and item (c) explicitly reads 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India'.
  • Appears in a consolidated list of duties presented as part of the statutory/constitutional provision.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
Presence: 5/5
β€œII. The Fundamental Duties<sup>390</sup> are 10 [now 11]<sup>391</sup> in number, incorporated in Article 51A [Part IVA], which has been inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Under this β€’ Article, it shall be the duty of every citizen of India- β€’ (i) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; β€’ (ii) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; β€’ (iii) to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; β€’ (iv) to defend the country;”
Why this source?
  • Identifies Fundamental Duties as those incorporated in Article 51A and enumerates duties, with (iii) stating 'to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India'.
  • Connects the duty directly to Article 51A (Part IVA), confirming constitutional source.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 35: TABLES > FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES OF CITIZENS1 > p. 530
Presence: 5/5
β€œβ€’ (a) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; β€’ (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; β€’ (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; β€’ (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; β€’ (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and”
Why this source?
  • Tabular listing of Fundamental Duties includes item (c) 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India', matching the statement's wording.
  • Provides a clear, concise restatement suitable for verification and study.
Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Phrase-Matching'. They take a generic-sounding patriotic phrase and ask you to pin it to the exact Constitutional shelf. The trap is that Preamble, Duties, and Oaths share vocabulary (Sovereignty, Integrity) but differ in syntax and specific word combinations.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct verbatim lift from Article 51A(c) found in Laxmikanth/NCERT Polity.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Constitutional Phraseology. Distinguishing between the 'Aspirations' (Preamble), 'Directions' (DPSP), and 'Obligations' (Duties).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Integrity' variations: 1) Preamble: 'Unity and Integrity of the Nation'. 2) Duty 51A(c): 'Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India'. 3) 3rd Schedule Oaths: 'Sovereignty and Integrity of India' (Note: 'Unity' is missing here). 4) Art 19(2) Restrictions: 'Sovereignty and Integrity of India'.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not just read the Constitution; map the keywords. 'Uphold and protect' implies an active obligation (Duty), whereas 'Secure' or 'Promote' implies a goal (Preamble/DPSP).
Concept hooks from this question
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Preamble text vs. Article 51A (Fundamental Duties)
πŸ’‘ The insight

The exact phrase 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' appears in the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), not in the Preamble; the Preamble contains related but differently worded provisions.

UPSC questions test precise sourcing of constitutional phrases (Preamble vs. specific Articles). Mastering this helps answer MCQs and mains questions distinguishing aims/ideals (Preamble) from duties/obligations (Article 51A). Learn by comparing primary excerpts and by practicing source-identification questions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > TEXT OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 42
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Textual changes by the 42nd Amendment
πŸ’‘ The insight

References show the 42nd Amendment added words (e.g., 'and integrity' and 'secular') to constitutional text, affecting both Preamble wording and Fundamental Duties being placed in Part IVA.

Amendments that altered foundational text are high-yield for prelims and mains (origin and effect of changes). Aspirants should memorise major amendment effects, link them to landmark years/Acts, and practice questions on amendment impacts and interpretation.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > EVERY Constitution has a philosophy of its own. > p. 22
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 3: THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 28
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Role and interpretative status of the Preamble
πŸ’‘ The insight

Evidence highlights the Preamble's text (ideals like 'SOVEREIGN' and 'unity and integrity') and notes judicial treatment of the Preamble as an interpretive guide/integral part of the Constitution.

Understanding whether the Preamble is operative or only interpretive is essential for constitutional law questions in UPSC. Master this by studying landmark cases and contrasting Preamble content with enforceable constitutional provisions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > TEXT OF THE PREAMBLE > p. 42
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 5: Preamble of the Constitution > PREAMBLE AS PART OF THE CONSTITUTION > p. 47
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Preamble of the Constitution of India include the provision "To uphold ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Location and nature of Directive Principles (Part IV)
πŸ’‘ The insight

Multiple references identify Directive Principles as Part IV goals/recommendations of the Constitution and describe them as policy-oriented and non-justiciable.

UPSC often asks to distinguish Part IV (Directive Principles) from enforceable provisions; mastering this clarifies questions on constitutional aims vs. justiciable rights. Learn by mapping Part numbers, key characteristics (non-justiciable, policy guidance), and representative examples.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > IDirective Principles of State Policy > p. 30
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 180
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India inclu..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Fundamental Duties β€” content and placement
πŸ’‘ The insight

The exact phrase 'uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' appears in the listed Fundamental Duties reference, not in the Directive Principles references.

High-yield: UPSC frequently tests Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) wording and distinctions from Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights. Memorise key duties, their constitutional source, and typical comparative questions (e.g., which provision contains X).

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India inclu..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Difference: Directive Principles (policy) vs Fundamental Duties (citizen obligations)
πŸ’‘ The insight

References collectively show Directive Principles as state-directed policy-guidelines and Fundamental Duties as duties of citizens, enabling a direct conceptual contrast relevant to the statement.

Crucial for answer-writing and MCQs that require classification (what belongs to Part IV vs Article 51A). Practice by categorising provisions, and by answering 'belongs to which part/article' style questions to avoid misattribution.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > FEATURES OF THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES > p. 108
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India inclu..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Fundamental Duties vs Fundamental Rights
πŸ’‘ The insight

The provided references explicitly list 'to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India' as a Fundamental Duty (Article 51A), while other references describe Fundamental Rights as a separate set in Part III.

High-yield for UPSC: questions often test the distinction between rights and duties, their placement in the Constitution, and whether duties are justiciable like rights. Mastering this helps answer direct content questions (what is/where is listed) and comparative questions (rights vs duties). Prepare by memorising Part numbers, Article references, and sample items from duties and rights.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 10: Fundamental Duties > LIST OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > p. 120
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Duties. > p. 161
πŸ”— Anchor: "Do the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India include the provision "To..."
πŸŒ‘ The Hidden Trap

The 'Oath' Trap: While the Fundamental Duty mentions 'Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity', the Oath of Office for MPs and Ministers (Schedule III) only mentions 'Sovereignty and Integrity of India'β€”the word 'Unity' is absent in the Oath but present in the Duty.

⚑ Elimination Cheat Code

Grammar Hack: Look at the syntax. 'To uphold and protect...' is an infinitive verb phrase indicating an action assigned to an agent. The Preamble is a declaration ('We resolve to...'), DPSP are instructions to State ('The State shall...'), and Rights are claims ('No person shall...'). The phrasing 'To [verb]...' fits the syntax of the Fundamental Duties list perfectly.

πŸ”— Mains Connection

Mains GS-2 (Polity) & GS-3 (Internal Security): The inclusion of 'Integrity' in the Oaths and Art 19 restrictions was done via the 16th Constitutional Amendment (1963) specifically to curb secessionist calls (like in Tamil Nadu at the time). This links Constitutional text directly to the history of National Integration.

βœ“ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CAPF Β· 2019 Β· Q86 Relevance score: 4.76

""To cherish and follow the noble ideas which inspired our national struggle for freedom"" is a provision of which one of the following of the Constitution of India?

IAS Β· 2014 Β· Q55 Relevance score: 3.08

In the Constitution of India, promotion of international peace and security is included in the

CDS-II Β· 2012 Β· Q56 Relevance score: 2.92

Which one among the following is not a Fundamental Duty of the citizen of India?

CAPF Β· 2008 Β· Q38 Relevance score: 2.63

In the Constitution of India, promotion of international peace and security is mentioned in theβ€”