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Q64 (IAS/2016) History & Culture â€ș National Movement (1857–1947) â€ș Constitutional reforms acts Official Key

The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D

Explanation

The correct answer is option D. Edwin Montagu and Chelmsford, the Secretary of State for India and Viceroy respectively, announced their scheme of constitutional changes for India which came to be known as the Indian Councils Act of 1919.[1] In 1918, Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy, produced their scheme of constitutional reforms which led to the enactment of the Government of India Act of 1919.[2] These reforms introduced significant constitutional changes including the enlargement of provincial legislative councils with elected majorities[1] and the implementation of 'Dyarchy' which gave provincial governments more share in the administration.[1] Under the 1919 Act, the Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State (Upper House) and a Legislative Assembly (Lower House).[3] While education was transferred to provincial ministries as part of these reforms, the Montagu-Chelmsford Proposals themselves were fundamentally about constitutional reforms, not specifically about social, educational, or police reforms.

Sources
  1. [1] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
  2. [2] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms > p. 263
  3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Government of India Act, 1919 > p. 509
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to [A] social reforms [B] educational reforms [C] reforms in police administration [D]

At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10
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This is an 'Index Page' question. You don't need deep analysis; standard books (Laxmikanth Ch-1, Spectrum) explicitly categorize Montagu-Chelmsford under 'Constitutional Developments'. The trap is getting lost in the details (education/police were affected subjects) rather than identifying the primary nature of the reform package.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Were the Montague-Chelmsford Proposals related to social reforms in British India?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
Presence: 5/5
“Edwin Montagu and Chelmsford, the Secretary of State for India and Viceroy respectively, announced their scheme of constitutional changes for India which came to be known as the Indian Councils Act of 1919. The Act enlarged the provincial legislative councils with elected majorities. The governments in the provinces were given more share in the administration under 'Dyarchy'. Governors. Other subjects such as health, education and local self-government were 'transferred' to elected Indian representatives. Ministers holding 'transferred subjects' were responsible to the legislatures; but those in charge of 'reserved' subjects were not further. The Governor of the province could overrule the ministers under 'special (veto) powers,' thus making a mockery of the entire scheme.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the Montagu–Chelmsford scheme (Indian Councils Act, 1919) 'transferred' subjects such as health, education and local self-government to elected Indian representatives.
  • Those transferred subjects are social in nature, so the reforms affected social administration and services.
  • Describes dyarchy — distinguishing transferred (social) subjects made accountable to legislatures from reserved subjects — showing deliberate social-policy delegation.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 26: Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial Developments > Government of India Act, 1919 > p. 509
Presence: 3/5
“This Act was based on what are popularly known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. In August 1917, the British government for the first time declared that its objective was to gradually introduce responsible government in India, but as an integral part of the British Empire. The Act of 1919, clarified that there would be only a gradual development of self-governing institutions in India and that the British Parliament—and not self-determination of the people of India—would determine the time and manner of each step along the path of constitutional progress. ● Under the 1919 Act, the Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State (Upper House) and a Legislative Assembly (Lower House).”
Why this source?
  • Identifies the Government of India Act, 1919 as based on the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, tying the proposals to the enacted law.
  • Describes structural changes (provincial/legislative reforms) that enabled provinces to manage transferred subjects, indirectly supporting social-policy implementation.
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