Question map
'Global Financial Stability Report' is prepared by the
Explanation
The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) assesses key risks facing the global financial system[1] and is a survey by the IMF staff published twice a year[2]. GFSR provides an assessment of the stability of global financial markets and emerging markets financing based on current market conditions[3]. IMF publishes two periodic reports in this regard 'World Economic Outlook' and 'Global Financial Stability Report'[4]. The report is prepared by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff as part of its surveillance function to monitor the international monetary system and highlight possible risks to financial stability. Therefore, option B (International Monetary Fund) is the correct answer. The other options—European Central Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and OECD—do not prepare this specific report.
Sources- [1] https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfsr/2016/02/pdf/text.pdf?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss
- [2] https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfsr/2016/02/pdf/text.pdf?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss
- [3] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
- [4] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Sitter' question. Major reports by the Bretton Woods twins (IMF/World Bank) are non-negotiable static GK. While it appears in current affairs when released, it is fundamentally a static fact covered in every standard Economy textbook (like Nitin Singhania, Ch. 18).
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the Global Financial Stability Report prepared by the European Central Bank as of 2016?
- Statement 2: Is the Global Financial Stability Report prepared by the International Monetary Fund as of 2016?
- Statement 3: Is the Global Financial Stability Report prepared by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development as of 2016?
- Statement 4: Is the Global Financial Stability Report prepared by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as of 2016?
- The passage labels the document 'GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT' and immediately identifies 'International Monetary Fund | October 2016', attributing the report to the IMF.
- Attribution to the IMF in an October 2016 GFSR directly contradicts the claim that the report was prepared by the European Central Bank.
- This passage describes the 'Global Financial Stability Report' and ties it to the IMF, noting its role alongside the IMF's World Economic Outlook.
- Identification of the GFSR as an IMF publication indicates it is prepared by the IMF rather than the European Central Bank.
- Explicitly states 'International Monetary Fund | October 2016' and describes the GFSR's purpose, confirming IMF authorship for the October 2016 report.
- This attribution contradicts the statement that the European Central Bank prepared the GFSR in 2016.
Explicitly states the GFSR is published by the IMF twice a year (April and October).
A student could check IMF publication archives for 2016 to confirm the GFSR publisher that year.
Says the IMF publishes two periodic reports, naming 'World Economic Outlook' and 'Global Financial Stability Report'.
Use the known IMF–report association to rule out other institutions (like the ECB) as the GFSR author in 2016 by checking respective institutions' publication lists for 2016.
Presents a multiple‑choice question listing the ECB as an option for who prepares the GFSR, implying common confusion about the report's authorship.
Recognize this as a distractor option and verify the correct choice (IMF) from authoritative publication records for 2016.
Shows the book treats specific macro reports by name and attributes 'World Economic Outlook' to the IMF, supporting a pattern that major global reports are tied to specific international institutions.
Apply this pattern to infer that GFSR likewise likely has a consistent institutional author (check IMF vs ECB 2016 lists to confirm).
- Explicitly states IMF publishes two periodic reports including the 'Global Financial Stability Report'.
- Frames GFSR alongside WEO as an IMF publication, indicating institutional authorship.
- States that, like the WEO, the GFSR is published by the IMF.
- Adds that GFSR is issued twice a year, reinforcing IMF ownership and regular publication.
- Identifies the publisher/owner of the report as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), not the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
- Shows the October 2016 GFSR is issued under IMF branding and series (World Economic and Financial Surveys > INTERNATIONALMONETARYFUND).
- Explicitly states the report was prepared by IMF staff, directly attributing authorship to the IMF rather than IBRD.
- Describes the GFSR as a survey by the IMF staff published semiannually, confirming IMF preparation and responsibility.
States that the IMF publishes two periodic reports, naming 'World Economic Outlook' and 'Global Financial Stability Report'.
A student could combine this with the basic fact that the IMF — not the World Bank/IBRD — is the publisher of those named reports to doubt the IBRD attribution.
Explicitly says the GFSR is published by the IMF twice a year, likening it to the WEO.
Use this pattern (IMF publishes WEO and GFSR) plus a list of World Bank publications to separate IMF and IBRD roles.
Contains a multiple‑choice question listing the GFSR and offering IBRD and IMF as possible answers, implying there is a specific institutional author to be chosen.
Recognize such MCQs often test which institution issues which report; compare against authoritative attributions (e.g., IMF) to eliminate IBRD.
Shows that the World Bank issues 'Global Economic Prospects' (a different report), illustrating that World Bank/IBRD produce distinct reports from IMF.
Distinguish between World Bank (GEP) and IMF (WEO/GFSR) publications using a world‑institutional mapping to infer GFSR likely not IBRD's.
Defines IBRD as part of the World Bank Group, clarifying institutional identity (World Bank vs IMF).
Combine this identification with the attribution of GFSR to IMF to argue that IBRD (World Bank arm) is a different publisher and unlikely the GFSR author.
- Explicitly states the GFSR is a survey by IMF staff, indicating IMF — not OECD — prepares it.
- Specifies publication frequency and IMF staff authorship, directly attributing preparation to the IMF.
- States the report 'was prepared by IMF', directly attributing preparation to the IMF.
- Connects the report to IMF authorship rather than to the OECD.
- Cover and cataloging info lists 'International Monetary Fund' as the issuing organization for the October 2016 GFSR.
- Reinforces that the IMF, not the OECD, is the publisher/author of the GFSR in 2016.
States that the IMF publishes two periodic reports: 'World Economic Outlook' and 'Global Financial Stability Report'.
A student could combine this with basic knowledge that the IMF (not OECD) issues those flagship reports to infer OECD is unlikely the GFSR publisher in 2016.
Explicitly says GFSR is published by the IMF twice a year (April and October) and describes its role.
Use the publication frequency and publisher attribution to check historical 2016 GFSR editions (IMF archives) rather than OECD sources.
Shows a pattern/question identifying 'World Economic Outlook' as an IMF publication, linking IMF to major periodic global economic reports.
A student can generalize that IMF, not OECD, is the institution that regularly issues these named global reports and so likely issued the 2016 GFSR.
Contains a multiple-choice question listing OECD and IMF among options for who prepares the 'Global Financial Stability Report', indicating the report is commonly associated with those institutions in exam material.
A student can treat this as a prompt to prefer the option corroborated elsewhere (IMF) and therefore discount OECD as the preparer in 2016.
Notes that IMF publishes other periodic external-sector assessments, demonstrating IMF's role in issuing regular global financial reports.
Combine this with the IMF attribution for GFSR to reinforce that IMF — a regular issuer of global reports — rather than OECD prepared the GFSR in 2016.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct hit from standard sources (Nitin Singhania, Ch. 18) and any basic Current Affairs compilation.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: International Economic Organizations and their flagship publications (Surveillance function of IMF).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big 5' mappings: 1. IMF: World Economic Outlook, Fiscal Monitor. 2. World Bank: World Development Report, Global Economic Prospects. 3. WEF: Global Competitiveness Report, Global Gender Gap. 4. UNCTAD: World Investment Report. 5. WTO: World Trade Report.
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Do not read reports in isolation. Create a 'Reports Matrix' in your notes with three columns: Report Name | Publishing Body | Key Theme (e.g., Stability vs. Development). Review this table before Prelims.
The question asks who prepares the Global Financial Stability Report; the references identify the GFSR as an IMF publication.
High-yield for UPSC: many MCQs and short-answer items ask which international institution issues a given report. Knowing report–publisher pairs (e.g., GFSR → IMF) helps eliminate distractors and links to questions on global financial surveillance. Study strategy: memorise a list of flagship reports and their issuing institutions and review recent editions for context.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
References state the GFSR is published biannually and assesses global financial market stability and emerging market financing risks.
Useful for descriptive and factual questions about IMF outputs — frequency and thematic focus are commonly asked. This prepares candidates to answer 'how often' and 'what for' type questions and to relate report findings to policy implications. Preparation: memorise periodicity and read summaries of recent reports.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
The statement confuses an IMF report with the ECB; references show IMF's surveillance role and ECB's monetary policy actions (e.g., PEPP).
Clarifying institutional roles is essential for UPSC questions on international economic institutions and central banks. It helps candidates separate report authorship from central bank functions and answers comparative questions. Preparation: create a two-column summary of mandates, key publications, and typical tools for major institutions (IMF, World Bank, BIS, ECB).
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > By European Central Bank > p. 171
References identify WEO and GFSR as the IMF's periodic flagship reports; knowing which reports are IMF products directly answers the statement.
High-yield for UPSC prelims and mains: questions often ask which organisation publishes key global reports. Mastering which reports belong to IMF (WEO, GFSR) helps eliminate options and supports deeper answers on global economic governance. Memorise the list and practice matching reports to institutions; link to topics on international financial institutions and global economic indicators.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
Reference notes GFSR is published twice yearly and assesses global financial market stability and emerging markets financing.
Useful for both static and current-affairs questions: frequency (biannual) and scope (financial stability, emerging market financing) are common factual points. Knowing this helps answer 'which report' and 'what it covers' questions, and supports essays/discussion on global financial risks. Learn by tabulating major reports, their frequency and main focus.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
References describe IMF's role in monitoring the international monetary system and economic/financial policies—context for why it produces reports like the GFSR.
Conceptually links institutional role to outputs: understanding IMF surveillance explains why it issues reports on stability and policy risks. This aids answers on IMF functions, governance, and policy advice—topics frequently tested in prelims and mains. Study the IMF's functions alongside its publications to form cohesive answers.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 13: International Organizations > 13.14 International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank > p. 396
References explicitly state that the IMF publishes WEO and GFSR, directly addressing who prepares the GFSR.
High-yield for UPSC: questions often ask which international institution issues which flagship reports. Knowing which reports the IMF issues helps distinguish it from the World Bank and prevents confusion in MCQs. Prepare by memorising major reports and their publishers and practising identification questions.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Surveillance > p. 514
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 18: International Economic Institutions > Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) > p. 519
Since they asked about the GFSR (IMF), the logical next target is the 'Fiscal Monitor', which is also published by the IMF. Aspirants often confuse 'Global Economic Prospects' (World Bank) with 'World Economic Outlook' (IMF)—remember, 'Outlook' is IMF, 'Prospects' is World Bank.
Analyze the keywords: 'Global' + 'Financial Stability'.
1. ECB (Option A) is regional (European), so 'Global' makes it less likely.
2. OECD (Option D) focuses on policy/development, not crisis management.
3. IBRD/World Bank (Option C) focuses on 'Development' and 'Poverty'.
4. IMF (Option B) is the world's 'Crisis Manager' and guardian of the Balance of Payments. 'Financial Stability' is the core mandate of the IMF. Thus, IMF is the natural choice.
Link this to GS-3 (Indian Economy): The findings of the GFSR often dictate the agenda for India's FSDC (Financial Stability and Development Council). When GFSR warns of 'tightening global financial conditions', it directly impacts RBI's monetary policy and rupee stability.