Consider the following statements : The India-Africa Summit 1. held in 2015 was the third such Summit 2. was actually initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951 Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

States India was a staunch supporter of newly independent African nations and that India engaged in high‑level multilateral diplomacy (e.g., Bandung → NAM).

A student could use this to infer India has a pattern of hosting/participating in periodic multilateral summits with African states and therefore check the sequence and dates of India–Africa summits to see if 2015 is the third.

Gives an example that India has hosted major international summits (NAM, Delhi 1983), showing precedent for India convening summit-level meetings.

Use the precedent of India hosting summits to justify searching official records of India‑Africa summits (host years and ordinal numbers) to verify whether 2015 was the third.

Describes India as a leader of the developing world with active roles in international organisations, implying sustained diplomatic engagement with regions like Africa.

Combine this with knowledge that such leadership often involves periodic summits; a student can therefore look up the timeline of India–Africa summit meetings to determine the ordinal number of 2015.

Notes India forges relationships specifically with African countries (e.g., South Africa), indicating targeted bilateral and multilateral engagement with Africa.

A student could use this to justify investigating India–Africa diplomatic initiatives and summit histories (dates/sequence) to judge whether the 2015 meeting was the third.

States the Bandung Conference (1955) was the zenith of India's engagement with newly independent Asian and African nations and that Bandung later led to NAM.

A student could infer that major multilateral India–Africa diplomatic initiatives are documented around mid‑1950s onward, so they should check whether a formal India–Africa Summit existed as early as 1951 or emerged later (e.g., after Bandung).

Links Nehru directly to the Bandung Conference (1955) and to the founding momentum behind the Non‑Aligned Movement culminating in 1961.

Use the timeline (Nehru active in pan‑Asian/African diplomacy from mid‑1950s to 1961) to question the plausibility of a separate India–Africa Summit already being initiated in 1951.

Explains Nehru's dominant role in shaping India's foreign policy (he acted as his own foreign minister from 1946–1964).

If an India‑Africa Summit had been initiated in 1951, this source suggests Nehru would likely be the initiator — so a student should look for contemporaneous records of such a summit in Nehru's diplomatic activities in 1951.

Notes India hosted a NAM summit in Delhi in 1983, showing India hosted major Africa‑Asia/Non‑Aligned meetings much later.

Compare dates of known India‑hosted multilateral events (e.g., 1983) to test whether earlier pan‑Africa summits are regular/recorded or if notable India–Africa Summits appear later in history.

Situates Nehru firmly as the leading architect of India's post‑1947 foreign policy up to 1964.

A student can use this to reason that any major diplomatic initiative in 1951 would likely be traceable to Nehru's official actions; thus absence of such mention in these sources suggests checking primary records from 1951.