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Q91 (IAS/2016) Science & Technology › Space & Defence Technology › Space exploration missions Official Key

Consider the following statements : The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO 1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission 2. made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA 3. made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer: —  Âˇ  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is option C because statements 1 and 3 are correct, while statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 1 is correct: In November 2013, the first interplanetary mission of ISRO was officially called the Mars Orbiter Mission and popularly known as Mangalyaan.[1]

Statement 2 is incorrect: On September 24, 2014, India's space agency became the fourth agency to have launched a spacecraft that was successful in reaching Mars orbit, after the Russian, American, and the European space agencies.[1] Therefore, India was not the second country but the fourth space agency to achieve this feat.

Statement 3 is correct: India became the first country to have succeeded in reaching Mars in its very first attempt, and at a remarkably low cost.[1] This made India unique among all nations that had attempted Mars missions, as European, American and Russian probes managed to orbit or land on the planet only after several attempts.[2]

Sources
  1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Space Venture to Mars > p. 771
  2. [2] https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/space-history-india-successfully-places-mars-spacecraft-in-orbit/article64111355.ece
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO 1. is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission 2. made India the secon…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 6.7/10 ¡ 3.3/10
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This is a classic 'National Pride' question rooted in Current Affairs but cemented in static history books (Post-Independence). The trap lies in Statement 2, which ignores the Cold War space giants (USSR/Russia) to confuse the ranking. It rewards knowing not just *what* we did, but *where* we stand globally.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the Mangalyaan launched by ISRO also called the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Space Venture to Mars > p. 771
Presence: 5/5
“Amidst all the negative aspects that occupied the political discussion, it was heartening to watch the success of Indian space scientists. In November 2013, the first interplanetary mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), officially called the Mars Orbiter Mission and popularly known as Mangalyaan, was launched. [On September 24, 2014, India's space agency became the fourth agency to have launched a spacecraft that was successful in reaching Mars orbit, after the Russian, American, and the European space agencies. What is more, India became the first country to have succeeded in reaching Mars in its very first attempt, and at a remarkably low cost.]”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the mission is 'officially called the Mars Orbiter Mission and popularly known as Mangalyaan.'
  • Places the mission in ISRO's timeline (launch context), linking the two names to the same 2013 mission.
Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 13: Our Home: Earth, a Unique Life Sustaining Planet > Our scientific heritage > p. 216
Presence: 5/5
“India's Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), launched in 2013 by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), was a big step in exploring Mars (Fig. 13.7). It carried tools to study the planet's atmosphere, surface, and signs of past water. Some of these sensors help scientists ask big questions—like was Mars Fig. 13.7: Mangalyaan ever suitable for life? Mangalyaan showed the world that India could do space science with smart, low-cost technology—and it helped bring Mars closer to all of us.”
Why this source?
  • Uses the parenthetical form 'Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)', directly equating the popular and official names.
  • Specifies the 2013 ISRO launch, corroborating the identity and timing.
Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Major Events > p. 58
Presence: 4/5
“2013: • PSLV-C25 successfully launches Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraftfrom Sriharikota (Nov 05, 2013). • Successful launch of GSAT-7 by Ariane-5 VA-215 from Kourou French Guiana (August 30, 2013). • Successful launch of INSAT-3D by Ariane-5 VA-214 from Kourou French Guiana (July 26, 2013). • PSLV-C22 successfully launches IRNSS-1A from Sriharikota (Jul 01, 2013). • PSLV-C20 successfully launches SARAL and six commercial payloadsfrom Sriharikota (Feb 25, 2013). • 2015: Ariane-5 VA-227 launched GSAT 15 (Communication Satellite) • GSLV-D6 launched GSAT 6 (Communication Satellite)• 2016: PSLV C35 launched Cartosat 2 (Meteorological Satellite) • GSLV F05 launched INSAT-3DR (Meteorological Satellite) • 2018: PSLV C41 launched IRNSS-11 (Navigation Satellite) • PSLV C40 launched Cartosat 2 (Earth Observation)• PSLV-C33 launched IRNSS-1G (Navigation satellite)”
Why this source?
  • Records the PSLV-C25 launch of the 'Mars Orbiter Mission' spacecraft on Nov 05, 2013, corroborating the mission event tied to Mangalyaan.
  • Provides launch/mission logistics that support identification of MOM with the 2013 ISRO Mars mission.
Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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