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Q23 (IAS/2020) Environment & Ecology › Biodiversity & Protected Areas › Wildlife sanctuaries network Official Key

Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin ? 1. Nagarhole National Park 2. Papikonda National Park 3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve 4. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 (1, 3 and 4 only). The Cauvery River basin extends over the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and the Union Territory of Puducherry, drained by tributaries like the Kabini, Bhavani, and Moyar.

  • Nagarhole National Park (Karnataka): Situated in the Kodagu and Mysore districts, it lies within the Cauvery basin. The Kabini River, a major tributary of the Cauvery, drains this park.
  • Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu): Located at the confluence of the Eastern and Western Ghats, it is part of the Cauvery basin and is significant for the Bhavani River system.
  • Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala): It is drained by the Kabini River, making it an integral part of the Cauvery drainage system.
  • Papikonda National Park (Andhra Pradesh): This is located in the Godavari River basin, far north of the Cauvery basin, and is therefore excluded.

Thus, statements 1, 3, and 4 are geographically located within the Cauvery basin.

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Q. Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin ? 1. Nagarhole National Park 2. Papikonda National Park 3. Sathyam…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10

This is a classic 'Map Overlay' question requiring you to superimpose the 'Protected Areas' map onto the 'River Drainage' map. It is fair because Papikonda (Andhra Pradesh) is geographically distinct from the Cauvery basin (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu), allowing for logical elimination.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Nagarhole National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"In the Cauvery basin, the protected areas include Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states which protected areas are in the Cauvery basin and includes Nagarhole National Park by name.
  • Presents Nagarhole alongside other areas as part of the Cauvery basin, directly answering the location question.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary are located in the Cauvery basin"
Why this source?
  • Directly names Nagarhole National Park as one of the protected areas located in the Cauvery basin.
  • Puts Nagarhole in the same list with other Cauvery-basin protected areas, reinforcing the claim.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"In conclusion, the protected areas that are located in the Cauvery basin are Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary."
Why this source?
  • Concludes explicitly that Nagarhole National Park is located in the Cauvery basin.
  • Contrasts Nagarhole (included) with Papikonda (excluded), clarifying basin membership.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Table 4.10 (Contd.) > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“Nagarhole National Park; State/States: Coorg (Karnataka); Dominant Species Protected: Elephant, tiger, panther, chital, sambar, hyena, sloth-bear, jungle-fowl, partridges, etc. • National Park/Sanctuaries: 31. Nagarjunasagar–Srisilam Sanc tuary; State/States: Andhra Pradesh; Dominant Species Protected: Tiger, panther, sloth-bear,chital, Jerdon's cours er, sambar, nilgai, black-buck, jackal, fox, rock rat, wolf, hyena, mugarmuchh (crocodile) • National Park/Sanctuaries: 32. Namdhapa National park; State/States: Arunachal Pradesh; Dominant Species Protected: Tiger, leopard, clouded-leopard, gaur, goral, hyena, gibbon, musk-deer, red-panda, macaque, horn-bill, jungle-fowl, pheasants, etc. • National Park/Sanctuaries: 33. Nawegaon National Park; State/States: Maharashtra; Dominant Species Protected: Elephant, panther, hyena, deer, nilgai, wild boar, fox, jackal, wolf, birds, etc. • National Park/Sanctuaries: 34.”
Why relevant

Lists Nagarhole National Park and locates it in Coorg (Karnataka), providing the park's administrative/regional placement.

How to extend

A student could use a map of Coorg/Karnataka to see which major river basins cover that district and check if Cauvery drainage includes the park area.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Western Ghats: A World Heritage Site > p. 56
Strength: 4/5
“The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5500 km2) of the evergreen forests of Nagarhole, the Bandipur National Park covered with deciduous forest, the Mudumalai National Park and the Mukurthi National Park in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu are the other important protected areas. Moreover, there are Mudumalai (Coimbatore), Anamalai (Nilgiri District) and Munda Thurai (Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari districts) tiger reserves in the southern parts of the Western Ghats (Fig. 5.9). A judicious use of resources and conservation practices can improve the resilience characteristics of the ecosystems of this important world heritage site.”
Why relevant

Places Nagarhole within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and the Western Ghats, giving its broader physiographic setting.

How to extend

Knowing the park sits in the Western Ghats, a student can consult drainage maps of the Western Ghats to determine which rivers (e.g., Cauvery) drain the immediate region.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Western ghats as a World Heritage site > p. 57
Strength: 4/5
“Western Ghats are covered with tropical and subtropical forests that provide food and natural habitat for the native tribal people. Te region is ecologically sensitive to development. Te Government of India and the state governments have established many protected areas including two biosphere reserves, 13 national parks and several wildlife sanctuaries to protect the endangered species of the region. Te Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5500 sq km) of the evergreen forests of Nagarhole, the Bandipur National Park covered with deciduous forest, the Tamil Nadu National Park and Mukurthi National Park in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala are the important protected areas.”
Why relevant

Again identifies Nagarhole as part of the Western Ghats protected areas (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve), reinforcing its location in the Ghats' watershed zone.

How to extend

Combine this with topographic or river-basin maps of the Western Ghats to infer likely downstream river basins for the park's runoff.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
Strength: 3/5
“Amravathi river is a tributary of the Kaveri river in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Having its origin at the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border, it is 175 km in length. It joins with the Kaveri in Karur District. It irrigates over 60,000 acres of land in Coimbatore. Due to the heavy industrialisation in its basin, the river is highly polluted.”
Why relevant

Describes the Amravathi as a tributary of the Kaveri (Cauvery) arising near the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border, giving an example of Western Ghats rivers feeding the Kaveri system.

How to extend

Use this as a pattern example: since other Western Ghats rivers (like Amravathi) feed the Kaveri, a student can check whether Nagarhole's local streams similarly drain into Kaveri tributaries on maps.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Godavari Basin > p. 21
Strength: 3/5
“The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its length is about 1500 km. It drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin is also the largest among the peninsular rivers. The basin covers parts of Maharashtra (about 50 per cent of the basin area lies in Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries, such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga. The last three tributaries are very large.”
Why relevant

Explains that major peninsular rivers (Godavari) rise from the Western Ghats, showing the Ghats are a source region for several basins.

How to extend

Apply this general rule: because the Western Ghats give rise to multiple river systems, a student should verify which specific Ghats-sector (e.g., Coorg/Nilgiris) drains to Cauvery versus other basins using basin maps.

Statement 2
Is Papikonda National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Papikonda National Park, however, is not within the Cauvery basin, but is located in the Godavari river basin."
Why this source?
  • Directly states Papikonda is not in the Cauvery basin.
  • Specifies Papikonda is located in the Godavari river basin, which contradicts the claim.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Papikonda National Park is situated in the Godavari River basin"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies the river basin where Papikonda is situated.
  • Provides the factual location as the Godavari River basin, not the Cauvery basin.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Papikonda National Park ... is not part of the Cauvery basin; instead, it is situated in the Godavari basin."
Why this source?
  • Confirms Papikonda is not part of the Cauvery basin.
  • States instead that it is situated in the Godavari basin.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > RIVER BASINS OF INDIA > p. 4
Strength: 5/5
“Rivers with their tributaries are the main channels of drainage of the land surface; they are at the same time also the chief agents of land-erosion, and the main lines for transport waste-products of the land to the sea. The area drained by the main river including all its tributaries is known as its drainage basin. On the basis of the area drained, the river basins of India have been classified into three categories: (i) river basins with catchment area of more than 20,000 sq km known as large river basins; (ii) river basins having a catchment area between 2000 to 20,000 sq km known as the medium basins, and (iii) the rivers having a catchment area less than 2000 sq km known as minor river basins.”
Why relevant

Gives a clear definition of a river's drainage basin and the notion of classifying river basins by area — a basic rule needed to decide which basin a location falls in.

How to extend

A student could use this definition plus an atlas or map to see which main river and tributaries drain the area containing Papikonda.

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Godavari Basin > p. 21
Strength: 5/5
“The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its length is about 1500 km. It drains into the Bay of Bengal. Its drainage basin is also the largest among the peninsular rivers. The basin covers parts of Maharashtra (about 50 per cent of the basin area lies in Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries, such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga. The last three tributaries are very large.”
Why relevant

Describes the Godavari basin and explicitly states it covers parts of Andhra Pradesh, establishing that major river basins in Andhra include Godavari.

How to extend

Using a map, one could check whether Papikonda lies within Andhra Pradesh portions drained by the Godavari rather than by the Cauvery.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Kaveri > p. 21
Strength: 4/5
“Below the island, Kaveri River plunges through a succession of beautiful gorges with hair pin bends. This scenic landscape, known as the Hagenakal Fall, may be taken as the end of the plateau course of the river. There is, however, another narrow gorge in the Nilgiri Hills to the east of Dodabetta Peak (2636 m) which is drained by the Kabari, Amravati and their Bhavani, and tributary, the Moyar, which provides the site for the Mettur Dam. Draining the Coimbatore basin, the Kaveri enters the plains after its confluence with the Bhavani. A few kilometers above Tiruchirappalli, the river fans out forming a quadrant-delta in Thajavur District of Tamil Nadu.”
Why relevant

Discusses the Kaveri (Cauvery) river course and highlights its main geographic domains (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu plateau and plains), indicating the typical geographic extent of the Cauvery basin.

How to extend

A student can compare the geographic extent of the Cauvery (mainly Karnataka/Tamil Nadu) with the location of Papikonda to assess plausibility of Papikonda being in the Cauvery basin.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 8: Energy Resources > Table 8.4 > p. 11
Strength: 3/5
“The onshore production was contributing to major oil production till 1980–81. From 1990–91 to 2009–10 about two thirds of the production came from off shore sources. The offshore crude oil production make the major contributions. The offshore field are located in the Brahmaputra valley,Barmer region of Rajasthan, Gujarat coast in western India and Cauvery on shore basin in Tamil Nadu. Andhra Pradesh has both types of oil reserves. Assam is the oldest oil producing state in India. The strata that bears oil is a 320 km stretch in the upper Assam region.”
Why relevant

Mentions the 'Cauvery on shore basin in Tamil Nadu' and notes Andhra Pradesh has both types of oil reserves, implying Cauvery basin is primarily associated with Tamil Nadu while Andhra Pradesh is noted separately.

How to extend

One could use this to suspect the Cauvery basin's core lies in Tamil Nadu and then look up whether Papikonda (if in Andhra Pradesh) is outside that basin on a basin map.

Statement 3
Is Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve located in the Cauvery River basin?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The protected areas located in the Cauvery basin are Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife"
Why this source?
  • Directly names Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve as one of the protected areas in the Cauvery basin
  • Provides a clear list including Nagarhole, Sathyamangalam and Wayanad as located in the Cauvery basin

CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Kaveri Basin > p. 22
Strength: 5/5
“The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagri range of the Western Ghats and it reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. The total length of the river is about 760 km. Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini. Its basin drains parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.”
Why relevant

Describes the Kaveri (Cauvery) basin and names its main tributaries (Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, Kabini) — establishes what rivers define the basin.

How to extend

A student can check whether Sathyamangalam or its local rivers (e.g., Bhavani or tributaries) lie within the Kaveri basin on a map to infer basin membership.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
Strength: 4/5
“Amravathi river is a tributary of the Kaveri river in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Having its origin at the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border, it is 175 km in length. It joins with the Kaveri in Karur District. It irrigates over 60,000 acres of land in Coimbatore. Due to the heavy industrialisation in its basin, the river is highly polluted.”
Why relevant

Notes that the Amravathi is a tributary of the Kaveri and locates it in Coimbatore/joins Kaveri in Karur — gives geographic anchors in Tamil Nadu for Kaveri tributaries.

How to extend

Compare the geographic position of Sathyamangalam relative to Coimbatore/Karur and Amravathi to assess if it falls in the same drainage system.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > project tiger (panthera tigris) > p. 45
Strength: 4/5
“Te tiger reserves of India have been given in Table 4.12 and their locations have been shown in Fig. 4.7.”
Why relevant

Mentions that tiger reserves and their locations are mapped/tabled — implies authoritative lists/maps exist to locate a specific reserve.

How to extend

Use the referenced table/map of tiger reserves to locate Sathyamangalam and then check its river-basin location on a drainage map.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Popular National Parks of India > p. 45
Strength: 3/5
“Tiger Reserves: Some of the important Tiger Reserves of India have been shown on the map in the subsequent pages. The number of tigers in India has increased 1706 in 2010 and 2226 in 2014 as compared to 1411 in the year 2006. The largest tiger reserve in India is 'Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve' (Andhra Pradesh,”
Why relevant

States that important tiger reserves are shown on maps in the book — indicates cartographic sources exist linking reserves to geography.

How to extend

Consult those maps to find Sathyamangalam's position and overlay with the Kaveri basin to judge whether it lies in that basin.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Popular National Parks of India > p. 46
Strength: 3/5
“Telangana)with a total area of 3296.31 km2, while the smallest is 'Bor Tiger Reserve' in Mahrashtra with a total area of 138.12 km2. (Source: ENVIS Centre on Wildlife and protected Areas). The total number of tiger reserves in July 2014 was 47 and it has got increased to 50 in 2018. The total area under Tiger reserves is 71027.10 Km2 The tigers are maintained for their scientific, economic, cultural, aesthetic and ecological values and to preserve for all time areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education, training and enjoyment of the people. Their geographical distribution has been shown in (Fig.”
Why relevant

Provides overall context on tiger reserves (counts, areas, distribution) and refers to a figure showing geographical distribution.

How to extend

Locate the figure/table noted here to determine Sathyamangalam's location and then relate it to the Kaveri drainage boundaries on a map.

Statement 4
Is Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Cauvery River basin?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"In the Cauvery basin, the protected areas include Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary as one of the protected areas in the Cauvery basin.
  • Directly ties Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary to the Cauvery basin in a factual sentence.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the protected areas that are located in the Cauvery basin are _**Nagarhole National Park, Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.**_"
Why this source?
  • Concludes that Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is among the protected areas located in the Cauvery basin.
  • Presents the statement as a definitive factual summary supported by the passage's explanation.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
Strength: 5/5
“Amravathi river is a tributary of the Kaveri river in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. Having its origin at the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border, it is 175 km in length. It joins with the Kaveri in Karur District. It irrigates over 60,000 acres of land in Coimbatore. Due to the heavy industrialisation in its basin, the river is highly polluted.”
Why relevant

States that the Amravathi is a tributary of the Kaveri and that it has its origin at the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border, showing that some Kaveri tributaries originate near Kerala.

How to extend

A student could use a map to check whether rivers draining Wayanad flow east toward the Kaveri system (supporting inclusion) or west toward the Arabian Sea (arguing against it).

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Shivasamudram Waterfall > p. 46
Strength: 4/5
“Shivasamudram Falls formerly known as the Cauvery Falls are the second highest waterfall in India. It is located 80 km from Mysore and 120 km from Bangalore. It is a major attraction in Karnataka tourism.”
Why relevant

Identifies the geographic reach of the Cauvery (Cauvery Falls located near Mysore/Bangalore), illustrating the Kaveri basin extends into southern Karnataka adjacent to Kerala.

How to extend

Compare the location of Wayanad relative to Mysore/Bangalore on a map to see whether Wayanad lies within the downstream/upstream spatial extent of the Kaveri basin.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > SanctuarieS. > p. 43
Strength: 3/5
“• State: Andhra Pradesh; Sanctuaries: Nagarjunasagar Sanctuary • State: Haryana; Sanctuaries: Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary • State: Himachal Pradesh; Sanctuaries: Shikari Devi Sanctuary • State: Jammu & Kashmir; Sanctuaries: Dachigam Sanctuary • State: Kerala; Sanctuaries: Periyar Sanctuary • State: Punjab; Sanctuaries: Harike Pattan Wildlife Sanctuary, Motigarh Sanctuary • State: Odisha; Sanctuaries: Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary • State: Rajasthan; Sanctuaries: Keoladev Ghana Bird Sanctuary Source: Ecology & Environment by P.D. Sharma”
Why relevant

Lists wildlife sanctuaries by state (example: Periyar in Kerala), indicating sanctuaries are typically associated with specific states and thus with the state's drainage systems.

How to extend

Look up whether Wayanad sanctuary is listed under Kerala and then check Kerala’s river basins to see which basin covers Wayanad.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Vattaparai Waterfall > p. 47
Strength: 3/5
“Located at the Pazhayar River in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, it is a great attraction for tourists. The surrounding area is proposed to be developed into a Wildlife Sanctuary.”
Why relevant

Describes a river-located tourist site and notes surrounding area proposed as a sanctuary, illustrating that sanctuaries are often defined in relation to local rivers/basins.

How to extend

Determine which river(s) flow through Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary to infer the basin affiliation (Cauvery vs other basins).

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Chambal Ravines > p. 14
Strength: 2/5
“A maze of ravines, valleys, and saw-toothed ridges dissect the plateau. These ravines are found in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in the lower course of the Chambal River. Infested with dacoits, the ravines are being reclaimed for agriculture, pastures, social forestry and wild life sanctuaries. The National Chambal Sanctuary was established in 1979. It is about 400 km long and one to six km in width of River Chambal on both the sides. It is known for the endangered Gangetic Dolphin. It is also the home to 8 species of turtles. The wild life animals in the sanctuary are Chinkara, Sambar, Blue Bull, wolf and wild boar.”
Why relevant

Explains that sanctuaries are established along river courses (example: National Chambal Sanctuary), showing a precedent for linking sanctuary location to a particular river basin.

How to extend

Use this pattern: identify the principal river(s) associated with Wayanad sanctuary and then check if those rivers are Kaveri tributaries.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC has shifted from asking 'Which State is Park X in?' to 'Which Ecosystem/Basin is Park X in?'. This tests functional geography (catchment areas) rather than rote memorization of administrative boundaries.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Standard Map Question. Solvable via elimination if you knew Papikonda is in the Godavari basin (linked to Polavaram news).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The intersection of Drainage Systems (Geography) and Protected Area Networks (Environment).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these River-Park pairs: Jim Corbett (Ramganga), Kaziranga (Brahmaputra/Diphlu), Silent Valley (Kunthipuzha), Panna (Ken), Indravati NP (Indravati), Valmiki NP (Gandak).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Never study a National Park in isolation. Always tag it with three attributes: 1. State, 2. River flowing through it, 3. Flagship species. The 'River' tag is the most frequent UPSC pivot.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Western Ghats protected areas & Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
💡 The insight

Nagarhole is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats, which frames its ecological and geographical context when assessing river-basin affiliation.

High-yield for UPSC: questions frequently ask about biodiversity hotspots, biosphere reserves and national parks. Mastering this links ecology, conservation policy and regional geography, and helps locate protected areas relative to physiographic features.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Western Ghats: A World Heritage Site > p. 56
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Western ghats as a World Heritage site > p. 57
🔗 Anchor: "Is Nagarhole National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Administrative location of national parks (Coorg / Kodagu, Karnataka)
💡 The insight

Knowing that Nagarhole is located in Coorg (Kodagu) in Karnataka is necessary to connect the park to regional river systems such as the Kaveri/Cauvery.

State/district location knowledge is often tested in prelims and is useful in mains essays and GS papers to link environmental sites with river basins, state policies, and inter-state water issues.

📚 Reading List :
  • Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Table 4.10 (Contd.) > p. 40
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Western Ghats: A World Heritage Site > p. 56
🔗 Anchor: "Is Nagarhole National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Kaveri (Cauvery) river system and its tributaries
💡 The insight

Understanding named tributaries of the Kaveri (for example the Amravathi) is essential to determine whether nearby protected areas fall within the Cauvery basin.

Drainage-basins and tributary networks are core geography topics in UPSC. Mastery helps answer questions on irrigation, river-origin locations, basin-based conservation and inter-state river disputes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Is Nagarhole National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 River basins and drainage classification
💡 The insight

A river's drainage basin is the area drained by the main river and all its tributaries; basins are classed by catchment area.

High-yield for questions that require locating features by hydrological units, understanding river-system scale, and comparing basins; connects to water resources, inter-state river management, and environmental planning. Mastering this enables quick elimination of wrong basin options in location-based questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > RIVER BASINS OF INDIA > p. 4
🔗 Anchor: "Is Papikonda National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Godavari basin: extent and inter-state coverage
💡 The insight

The Godavari basin is large and spans multiple states, so knowing its extent helps place protected areas and geographic features within eastern peninsular river systems.

Important for regional geography and resource questions involving Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha; links to tributary networks, basin-level ecology, and development issues. Useful for answering which river basin a given location belongs to.

📚 Reading List :
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Godavari Basin > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Is Papikonda National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Kaveri (Cauvery) river course and major features
💡 The insight

Knowing the Cauvery's course, major falls and drainage areas is necessary to determine whether a location falls within the Cauvery basin.

High-yield for southern India geography: hydropower, irrigation, and protected-area placement questions. Helps differentiate locations in the Cauvery basin from those in neighboring basins through physical features and state coverage.

📚 Reading List :
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Shivasamudram Waterfall > p. 46
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Kaveri > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Is Papikonda National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?"
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Kaveri (Cauvery) river basin and main tributaries
💡 The insight

Understanding the Kaveri basin and its principal tributaries (Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, Kabini) is necessary to determine if a site lies within the Cauvery drainage area.

High-yield for mapping protected areas to river basins and for questions on regional hydrology; links physical geography with resource management and inter-state water issues. Mastery lets aspirants eliminate or confirm location options by matching local rivers/tributaries to basin boundaries.

📚 Reading List :
  • CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Kaveri Basin > p. 22
  • Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
🔗 Anchor: "Is Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve located in the Cauvery River basin?"
🌑 The Hidden Trap

Since Papikonda was the eliminator here, the next logical target is the Godavari Basin specific parks: Indravati National Park (Chhattisgarh) and Kanger Valley National Park. Also, watch for Panna National Park in the context of the Ken-Betwa river link.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'North-South Separation' Hack: Papikonda is in the Northern Eastern Ghats (Andhra Pradesh). The Cauvery basin is strictly Southern (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala). A river basin cannot jump a state (Andhra) that lies north of its catchment. Eliminate Papikonda (2) -> Options A and D are gone. You are left with B vs C.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-2 (Inter-state Relations): The location of these parks complicates water-sharing tribunals (e.g., Cauvery Water Management Authority). 'Environmental Flow' requirements for these parks are often cited in Supreme Court verdicts regarding river water distribution.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CAPF · 2015 · Q86 Relevance score: -0.55

Arrange the following National Parks of India from North to South direction : 1. Indravati National Park 2. Nagarhole National Park 3. Corbett National Park 4. Madhav National Park Select the correct answer using the code given below :

IAS · 2019 · Q27 Relevance score: -1.07

Which of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve?

IAS · 2016 · Q74 Relevance score: -1.89

In which of the following regions of India are shale gas resources found? 1. Cambay Basin 2. Cauvery Basin 3. Krishna-Godavari Basin Select the correct answer using the code given below.

IAS · 2012 · Q12 Relevance score: -1.95

Consider the following protected areas : 1. Bandipur 2. Bhitarkanika 3. Manas 4. Sunderbans Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?