Question map
Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin ? 1. Nagarhole National Park 2. Papikonda National Park 3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve 4. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 3 (1, 3 and 4 only). The Cauvery River basin extends over the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and the Union Territory of Puducherry, drained by tributaries like the Kabini, Bhavani, and Moyar.
- Nagarhole National Park (Karnataka): Situated in the Kodagu and Mysore districts, it lies within the Cauvery basin. The Kabini River, a major tributary of the Cauvery, drains this park.
- Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu): Located at the confluence of the Eastern and Western Ghats, it is part of the Cauvery basin and is significant for the Bhavani River system.
- Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala): It is drained by the Kabini River, making it an integral part of the Cauvery drainage system.
- Papikonda National Park (Andhra Pradesh): This is located in the Godavari River basin, far north of the Cauvery basin, and is therefore excluded.
Thus, statements 1, 3, and 4 are geographically located within the Cauvery basin.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis is a classic 'Map Overlay' question requiring you to superimpose the 'Protected Areas' map onto the 'River Drainage' map. It is fair because Papikonda (Andhra Pradesh) is geographically distinct from the Cauvery basin (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu), allowing for logical elimination.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is Nagarhole National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?
- Statement 2: Is Papikonda National Park located in the Cauvery River basin?
- Statement 3: Is Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve located in the Cauvery River basin?
- Statement 4: Is Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Cauvery River basin?
- Explicitly states which protected areas are in the Cauvery basin and includes Nagarhole National Park by name.
- Presents Nagarhole alongside other areas as part of the Cauvery basin, directly answering the location question.
- Directly names Nagarhole National Park as one of the protected areas located in the Cauvery basin.
- Puts Nagarhole in the same list with other Cauvery-basin protected areas, reinforcing the claim.
- Concludes explicitly that Nagarhole National Park is located in the Cauvery basin.
- Contrasts Nagarhole (included) with Papikonda (excluded), clarifying basin membership.
Lists Nagarhole National Park and locates it in Coorg (Karnataka), providing the park's administrative/regional placement.
A student could use a map of Coorg/Karnataka to see which major river basins cover that district and check if Cauvery drainage includes the park area.
Places Nagarhole within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and the Western Ghats, giving its broader physiographic setting.
Knowing the park sits in the Western Ghats, a student can consult drainage maps of the Western Ghats to determine which rivers (e.g., Cauvery) drain the immediate region.
Again identifies Nagarhole as part of the Western Ghats protected areas (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve), reinforcing its location in the Ghats' watershed zone.
Combine this with topographic or river-basin maps of the Western Ghats to infer likely downstream river basins for the park's runoff.
Describes the Amravathi as a tributary of the Kaveri (Cauvery) arising near the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border, giving an example of Western Ghats rivers feeding the Kaveri system.
Use this as a pattern example: since other Western Ghats rivers (like Amravathi) feed the Kaveri, a student can check whether Nagarhole's local streams similarly drain into Kaveri tributaries on maps.
Explains that major peninsular rivers (Godavari) rise from the Western Ghats, showing the Ghats are a source region for several basins.
Apply this general rule: because the Western Ghats give rise to multiple river systems, a student should verify which specific Ghats-sector (e.g., Coorg/Nilgiris) drains to Cauvery versus other basins using basin maps.
- Directly states Papikonda is not in the Cauvery basin.
- Specifies Papikonda is located in the Godavari river basin, which contradicts the claim.
- Explicitly identifies the river basin where Papikonda is situated.
- Provides the factual location as the Godavari River basin, not the Cauvery basin.
- Confirms Papikonda is not part of the Cauvery basin.
- States instead that it is situated in the Godavari basin.
Gives a clear definition of a river's drainage basin and the notion of classifying river basins by area — a basic rule needed to decide which basin a location falls in.
A student could use this definition plus an atlas or map to see which main river and tributaries drain the area containing Papikonda.
Describes the Godavari basin and explicitly states it covers parts of Andhra Pradesh, establishing that major river basins in Andhra include Godavari.
Using a map, one could check whether Papikonda lies within Andhra Pradesh portions drained by the Godavari rather than by the Cauvery.
Discusses the Kaveri (Cauvery) river course and highlights its main geographic domains (Karnataka/Tamil Nadu plateau and plains), indicating the typical geographic extent of the Cauvery basin.
A student can compare the geographic extent of the Cauvery (mainly Karnataka/Tamil Nadu) with the location of Papikonda to assess plausibility of Papikonda being in the Cauvery basin.
Mentions the 'Cauvery on shore basin in Tamil Nadu' and notes Andhra Pradesh has both types of oil reserves, implying Cauvery basin is primarily associated with Tamil Nadu while Andhra Pradesh is noted separately.
One could use this to suspect the Cauvery basin's core lies in Tamil Nadu and then look up whether Papikonda (if in Andhra Pradesh) is outside that basin on a basin map.
- Directly names Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve as one of the protected areas in the Cauvery basin
- Provides a clear list including Nagarhole, Sathyamangalam and Wayanad as located in the Cauvery basin
Describes the Kaveri (Cauvery) basin and names its main tributaries (Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, Kabini) — establishes what rivers define the basin.
A student can check whether Sathyamangalam or its local rivers (e.g., Bhavani or tributaries) lie within the Kaveri basin on a map to infer basin membership.
Notes that the Amravathi is a tributary of the Kaveri and locates it in Coimbatore/joins Kaveri in Karur — gives geographic anchors in Tamil Nadu for Kaveri tributaries.
Compare the geographic position of Sathyamangalam relative to Coimbatore/Karur and Amravathi to assess if it falls in the same drainage system.
Mentions that tiger reserves and their locations are mapped/tabled — implies authoritative lists/maps exist to locate a specific reserve.
Use the referenced table/map of tiger reserves to locate Sathyamangalam and then check its river-basin location on a drainage map.
States that important tiger reserves are shown on maps in the book — indicates cartographic sources exist linking reserves to geography.
Consult those maps to find Sathyamangalam's position and overlay with the Kaveri basin to judge whether it lies in that basin.
Provides overall context on tiger reserves (counts, areas, distribution) and refers to a figure showing geographical distribution.
Locate the figure/table noted here to determine Sathyamangalam's location and then relate it to the Kaveri drainage boundaries on a map.
- Explicitly names Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary as one of the protected areas in the Cauvery basin.
- Directly ties Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary to the Cauvery basin in a factual sentence.
- Concludes that Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is among the protected areas located in the Cauvery basin.
- Presents the statement as a definitive factual summary supported by the passage's explanation.
States that the Amravathi is a tributary of the Kaveri and that it has its origin at the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border, showing that some Kaveri tributaries originate near Kerala.
A student could use a map to check whether rivers draining Wayanad flow east toward the Kaveri system (supporting inclusion) or west toward the Arabian Sea (arguing against it).
Identifies the geographic reach of the Cauvery (Cauvery Falls located near Mysore/Bangalore), illustrating the Kaveri basin extends into southern Karnataka adjacent to Kerala.
Compare the location of Wayanad relative to Mysore/Bangalore on a map to see whether Wayanad lies within the downstream/upstream spatial extent of the Kaveri basin.
Lists wildlife sanctuaries by state (example: Periyar in Kerala), indicating sanctuaries are typically associated with specific states and thus with the state's drainage systems.
Look up whether Wayanad sanctuary is listed under Kerala and then check Kerala’s river basins to see which basin covers Wayanad.
Describes a river-located tourist site and notes surrounding area proposed as a sanctuary, illustrating that sanctuaries are often defined in relation to local rivers/basins.
Determine which river(s) flow through Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary to infer the basin affiliation (Cauvery vs other basins).
Explains that sanctuaries are established along river courses (example: National Chambal Sanctuary), showing a precedent for linking sanctuary location to a particular river basin.
Use this pattern: identify the principal river(s) associated with Wayanad sanctuary and then check if those rivers are Kaveri tributaries.
- [THE VERDICT]: Standard Map Question. Solvable via elimination if you knew Papikonda is in the Godavari basin (linked to Polavaram news).
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: The intersection of Drainage Systems (Geography) and Protected Area Networks (Environment).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these River-Park pairs: Jim Corbett (Ramganga), Kaziranga (Brahmaputra/Diphlu), Silent Valley (Kunthipuzha), Panna (Ken), Indravati NP (Indravati), Valmiki NP (Gandak).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Never study a National Park in isolation. Always tag it with three attributes: 1. State, 2. River flowing through it, 3. Flagship species. The 'River' tag is the most frequent UPSC pivot.
Nagarhole is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats, which frames its ecological and geographical context when assessing river-basin affiliation.
High-yield for UPSC: questions frequently ask about biodiversity hotspots, biosphere reserves and national parks. Mastering this links ecology, conservation policy and regional geography, and helps locate protected areas relative to physiographic features.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Western Ghats: A World Heritage Site > p. 56
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Western ghats as a World Heritage site > p. 57
Knowing that Nagarhole is located in Coorg (Kodagu) in Karnataka is necessary to connect the park to regional river systems such as the Kaveri/Cauvery.
State/district location knowledge is often tested in prelims and is useful in mains essays and GS papers to link environmental sites with river basins, state policies, and inter-state water issues.
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Table 4.10 (Contd.) > p. 40
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 5: Natural Vegetation and National Parks > Western Ghats: A World Heritage Site > p. 56
Understanding named tributaries of the Kaveri (for example the Amravathi) is essential to determine whether nearby protected areas fall within the Cauvery basin.
Drainage-basins and tributary networks are core geography topics in UPSC. Mastery helps answer questions on irrigation, river-origin locations, basin-based conservation and inter-state river disputes.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
A river's drainage basin is the area drained by the main river and all its tributaries; basins are classed by catchment area.
High-yield for questions that require locating features by hydrological units, understanding river-system scale, and comparing basins; connects to water resources, inter-state river management, and environmental planning. Mastering this enables quick elimination of wrong basin options in location-based questions.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > RIVER BASINS OF INDIA > p. 4
The Godavari basin is large and spans multiple states, so knowing its extent helps place protected areas and geographic features within eastern peninsular river systems.
Important for regional geography and resource questions involving Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha; links to tributary networks, basin-level ecology, and development issues. Useful for answering which river basin a given location belongs to.
- CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Godavari Basin > p. 21
Knowing the Cauvery's course, major falls and drainage areas is necessary to determine whether a location falls within the Cauvery basin.
High-yield for southern India geography: hydropower, irrigation, and protected-area placement questions. Helps differentiate locations in the Cauvery basin from those in neighboring basins through physical features and state coverage.
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Shivasamudram Waterfall > p. 46
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > The Kaveri > p. 21
Understanding the Kaveri basin and its principal tributaries (Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, Kabini) is necessary to determine if a site lies within the Cauvery drainage area.
High-yield for mapping protected areas to river basins and for questions on regional hydrology; links physical geography with resource management and inter-state water issues. Mastery lets aspirants eliminate or confirm location options by matching local rivers/tributaries to basin boundaries.
- CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I ,Geography, Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Drainage > The Kaveri Basin > p. 22
- Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 3: The Drainage System of India > Amravathi River > p. 21
Since Papikonda was the eliminator here, the next logical target is the Godavari Basin specific parks: Indravati National Park (Chhattisgarh) and Kanger Valley National Park. Also, watch for Panna National Park in the context of the Ken-Betwa river link.
The 'North-South Separation' Hack: Papikonda is in the Northern Eastern Ghats (Andhra Pradesh). The Cauvery basin is strictly Southern (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala). A river basin cannot jump a state (Andhra) that lies north of its catchment. Eliminate Papikonda (2) -> Options A and D are gone. You are left with B vs C.
Mains GS-2 (Inter-state Relations): The location of these parks complicates water-sharing tribunals (e.g., Cauvery Water Management Authority). 'Environmental Flow' requirements for these parks are often cited in Supreme Court verdicts regarding river water distribution.