Consider the following statements : 1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 2. Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia. 3. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce. 4. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa. 5. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Lists many Indian states where tamarind is grown and notes adaptability to diverse Indian climates (semi‑arid to heavy rainfall and sub‑Himalayan tract).

A student could compare this wide Indian distribution with maps of native vs. introduced ranges or with records from outside South Asia to judge if it is strictly endemic.

Defines the palaeotropical plant kingdom as stretching across Africa, West Asia, South Asia and SE Asia and notes some plants are common to all parts of this zone.

One could use this biogeographic rule to ask whether Tamarindus fits a palaeotropical (wider) distribution rather than a South‑Asia‑only endemism by checking occurrences in other palaeotropical regions.

Cites cultural/village worship of tamarind in Odisha and Bihar, indicating a long local presence in parts of India.

A student could treat deep cultural association as evidence of long‑term presence in South Asia but would need to compare with records elsewhere to decide if it is endemic.

Gives a general statistic that 18% of Indian plants are endemic and flowering plants have high endemism, showing endemism is common but not universal.

Use this background rate to frame a prior: tamarind could be endemic but the baseline probability for a random Indian plant being endemic is limited; verify with range data.

Describes the Himalaya/SE Asia biodiversity hotspot with high percentages of endemic plant species, highlighting regions where endemism is concentrated.

Compare tamarind's known occurrence (snippet 1) with hotspots of endemism: if tamarind occurs broadly outside these hotspots, it is less likely to be endemic to South Asia.

Describes where tamarind is grown widely across many Indian states and its adaptability to different climates, indicating substantial domestic production.

A student could combine this with trade data or knowledge that countries export surplus crops to ask whether production exceeds domestic demand and thus is exported.

States a government objective to promote exports of novel, indigenous, ethnic and traditional agricultural products.

One could infer tamarind (a traditional/indigenous product) is a candidate for export promotion and check trade records or export lists accordingly.

Notes growth in exports of fresh fruits and other agricultural products, showing India is diversifying agricultural exports beyond traditional items.

A student could treat tamarind as a non-traditional/perishable product and investigate whether it appears among rising horticultural exports.

States that since 1991 India has been a net exporter of agricultural products, implying many crops produced in surplus are exported.

Combine this with evidence of tamarind production to hypothesize tamarind might be part of agricultural export flows and then check commodity-specific trade data.

Highlights policy focus on export-oriented cluster development and promoting value-added agricultural exports to meet international demand.

A student could consider whether tamarind-processing clusters exist or whether value-added tamarind products (pastes, concentrates) are being marketed abroad.

Describes that many medicinal plants and their parts (including seeds) are collected and used as raw materials for medicines — indicating India cultivates/collects medicinal-tree products.

A student could note that moringa is a medicinal/nutritive tree and therefore check whether India’s medicinal-plant trade includes moringa seed exports or processors in regions where moringa grows.

Explains India has national missions and infrastructure schemes to produce and distribute high-quality certified seeds of all crops.

One could infer India has institutional capacity to produce/export certified seeds and so investigate whether moringa seed is among certified/exported seed varieties.

Lists oilseeds that India produces at scale and highlights the country’s role in oilseed agriculture and related trade patterns.

Since moringa seeds are used for oil, a student could compare moringa to listed oilseeds and then check trade data for oilseed seed/seed oil exports to see if moringa appears.

Notes changing composition of agricultural exports — decline in some traditional items and growth in floricultural, fresh fruits, and processed products — showing export patterns can shift toward niche/high-value plant products.

A student could treat moringa seeds as a potential niche/high-value agricultural export and search targeted export statistics or APEDA listings for such emerging items.

Points out that India’s smallholdings and lack of standardisation hinder exports and recommends export‑oriented cluster development and value-added exports.

This suggests checking whether moringa seed production in India is sufficiently clustered/standardised for export certification — if not, exports are less likely without specialised clusters.

States tamarind seeds yield a fatty oil (used in paints/varnishes) and are a carbohydrate source — showing seeds contain extractable oil and biomass.

A student could infer that extractable seed oil might be tested/transesterified to make biodiesel or processed as a biofuel feedstock.

Describes oilseed crops as crops cultivated for oil and notes high oil content (around 45–50% in examples), establishing the general rule that high-oil seeds are candidates for biofuel production.

Compare measured oil content of tamarind seeds (from external data) to typical oilseed thresholds to judge suitability for biodiesel.

National Policy on Biofuels lists a wide set of allowed raw materials (including non-food starches and damaged grains), showing policy permits varied non-food biomass as feedstocks.

Use this to argue that, if tamarind seed oil or biomass is available and meets technical requirements, policy could allow its use as a feedstock.

Notes amendments expanded eligible feedstocks to advance ethanol blending targets, indicating policy flexibility toward additional plant feedstocks.

Suggests a student could check whether tamarind-derived oils/biomass could be proposed or evaluated under such expanded categories.

Defines bioenergy as renewable energy from biological sources and says plant materials are a major source for biofuels, giving the general principle that plant seed oils can be converted to vehicle fuels.

Apply the general principle to tamarind seeds: if they supply usable plant oil/biomass, they fall into the broad category of potential biofuel feedstocks.