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Q94 (IAS/2021) Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) › Applied everyday chemistry Official Key

Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2: Polycarbonate.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical primarily used as a structural monomer in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonates are known for being strong, resilient, and transparent, commonly used in food and beverage containers (like water bottles), medical devices, and consumer electronics.

  • Polycarbonate: BPA provides the essential molecular framework that gives this plastic its heat resistance and clarity. It can leach into food/water, causing endocrine disruption concerns.
  • Low-density polyethylene (LDPE): Used in plastic bags; it is made from ethylene monomers, not BPA.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET): Used in soda bottles; it is synthesized from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Used in pipes; its building block is vinyl chloride. While some PVC may contain additives, BPA is not its primary structural component.

Thus, BPA is specifically a key chemical building block for polycarbonate plastics.

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Q. Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of which of the following kinds of plastics? [A]…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 7.5/10
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This is a classic 'Science in Everyday Life' question derived from persistent health news rather than a chemistry textbook. While NCERT Chemistry covers polymers, the specific link between BPA and Polycarbonate is a staple of 'Endocrine Disruptor' current affairs. If you tracked 'Chemicals of Concern' (like Triclosan or Parabens), this was a sitter.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is bisphenol A (BPA) a structural/key component in the manufacture of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > 5.1o.r. Plastic Waste > p. 84
Strength: 4/5
“r Plastics are considered to be one of the wonderful inventions of the twentieth century. They are widely used as packing and carry bags because of cost and convenience. But plastics are now considered as environmental hazard due to the 'Throw away culture'.”
Why relevant

Notes that plastics are widely used for packaging and carry bags — categories where LDPE is commonly employed.

How to extend

A student could use this to check which polymers (e.g., polyethylene) are typically used for such items and then ask whether BPA is part of those polymer formulations.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > Impact of Microparticles > p. 97
Strength: 5/5
“physical obstruction or indirect interference with physiology is always possible (as with sea birds showing satiation on ingesting plastics) the n'raterial will pass through the animal virtually unchanged. The concern, however, is that plastics exposed to sea water tends to concentrate toxic and non-toxic organic compounds present in the sea water at low concentrations. These, including PCBs, DDT, and nonylphenols, have very high partition coefficients and are very efficiently concentrated in the plastic material. Plastic-related distress to over 50 species has been documented worldwide. The focus has very much been on larger species in surface waters or beaches, despite the fact that 99 percent of marine species live in the benthils.”
Why relevant

Explains that plastics tend to concentrate organic compounds (PCBs, DDT, nonylphenols) from the environment, distinguishing between the bulk polymer and small organic contaminants or additives.

How to extend

One could extend this to consider whether BPA is more likely to be an additive/contaminant that associates with plastics rather than a backbone monomer of common packaging polymers like LDPE.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > Amendment rules eozz > p. 99
Strength: 4/5
“• R Classification of Plastics: • Category 1: Rigid plastic packaging • Category 2: Flexible plastic packaging of single layer or multilayer (more than one layer with different types of plastic), plastic sheets and covers made of plastic sheet, carry bags, plastic sachet or pouches. • Category 3: Multi-layered plastic packaging (at least one layer of plastic and at least one layer of material other than plastic) and brand owners' for the purpose of protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing, controlling and abating environment pollution. • A committee constituted by the CPCB under the chairmanship of CPCB chairman will recommend measures to the environment ministry for effective implementation of EPR, including amendments to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) guidelines.”
Why relevant

Gives a practical classification of plastics used in packaging (rigid vs flexible vs multilayer), implying plastics are formulated differently for different uses and may contain different layers/additives.

How to extend

Use this to guide a search for typical polymer types used in each category (e.g., LDPE for flexible films) and whether BPA is reported as a component in those formulations.

Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 13: Our Environment > Activity 13.6 > p. 214
Strength: 3/5
“• n Use the library or internet to find out more about biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.• n How long are various non-biodegradable substances expected to last in our environment?• n These days, new types of plastics which are said to be biodegradable are available. Find out more about such materials and whether they do or do not harm the environment.”
Why relevant

Calls attention to differences between biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastics, implying that polymer chemistry determines environmental behavior and composition.

How to extend

A student could follow this hint to compare chemical structures of common non-biodegradable polymers (like polyethylene) with BPA's structure to judge whether BPA is a building block of such polymers.

Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 9: The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions > Snapshots > p. 149
Strength: 3/5
“• A solution is said to be formed when two or more substances mix to form a uniform mixture.• In the solution formed by dissolving a solid in a liquid, the solid component is known as a solute and the liquid component is known as a solvent.• In a solution formed by mixing two liquids, the component present in less quantity is known as solute and the other component is called solvent.• In air, nitrogen is considered as a solvent, while oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases are considered as solutes.• A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, and no more of it can be dissolved at that temperature is called a saturated solution.• A solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is called an unsaturated solution.• Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a fixed quantity (100 mL) of a solution or a solvent at a particular temperature.• Generally, in liquids, the solubility of solids increases and that of gases decreases with an increase in temperature.• The amount of matter present in an object is known as its mass.• The space occupied by an object or a substance is known as its volume.• Devices used to measure mass and volume are a weighing balance and a measuring cylinder, respectively.• The mass per unit volume of a substance is known as its density (Density = Mass/Volume).• Generally, density decreases with an increase in temperature and pressure affects density differently depending on the state of matter.”
Why relevant

Defines density and notes how it distinguishes materials; 'low-density' in LDPE is a descriptive property tied to polymer structure and packing.

How to extend

Combine this basic definition with external knowledge that 'LDPE' denotes a polyethylene with specific molecular branching/density, and then ask whether BPA (a distinct small molecule) fits as a monomer forming that polymer.

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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