Consider the following activities : 1. Spreading finely ground basalt rock on farmlands extensively 2. Increasing the alkalinity of oceans by adding lime 3. Capturing carbon dioxide released by various industries and pumping it into abandoned subterranean mines in the form of carbonated waters How many of the above activities are often considered and discussed for carbon capture and sequestration?

Describes chemical weathering processes driven by water, CO2 and acids that decompose rocks to finer material — establishing that weathering reactions involve atmospheric CO2.

A student could combine this with the basic fact that some silicate rocks react with CO2 when weathered to infer that deliberately increasing rock surface area (grinding basalt) might increase CO2 uptake.

Explains that chemical weathering (including carbonation) is accelerated by water, CO2 and biological acids, implying weathering can be enhanced by environmental contact.

One could extend this to ask whether spreading fine rock on soil increases contact with water/CO2 and therefore enhances CO2-consuming weathering reactions.

States that biogeochemical cycles include phases of weathering of rocks and that the carbon cycle is tied to weathering processes.

A student might link this to the idea that altering the weathering phase (more reactive rock exposed) could influence carbon flow from atmosphere into minerals or soils.

Defines artificial carbon sinks and lists carbon capture and storage proposals as an approach to store carbon for indefinite periods.

Use this to frame enhanced weathering as a candidate 'artificial sink' hypothesis to investigate in literature or policy discussions.

Notes carbon capture/ sequestration is an established category of mitigation and that artificial sinks (besides natural ones) are considered strategies.

This supports searching within carbon-capture topics for specific methods (e.g., enhanced weathering of rocks) as potential proposals under that umbrella.

Lists 'Ocean Sequestration' as a category of carbon sequestration, including direct injection or fertilization, indicating oceans are considered a potential carbon storage route.

A student could take this category and look for where 'alkalinity enhancement' or 'liming' is discussed within ocean sequestration literature as a specific technique.

Describes 'buffering' by adding lime (calcium oxide/calcium carbonate) to neutralize acidified water — showing lime raises pH and reacts with dissolved CO2 in aquatic contexts.

A student could infer that adding lime to seawater would similarly increase alkalinity and then check whether this reaction would convert dissolved CO2 into carbonate forms for storage.

Explains the chemical reactions of CO2 with seawater producing carbonic acid, bicarbonate and reducing carbonate ions — laying out the chemical basis that altering carbonate chemistry changes CO2 speciation.

Combine this reaction knowledge with lime's neutralizing effect to assess whether added alkalinity would shift equilibria toward bicarbonate/carbonate and thereby affect CO2 uptake/storage.

Notes that CaCO3 (from shells) sinking to sediments can be buried and 'locked away' or dissolved at depth, implying that formation and fate of calcium carbonate affects long-term carbon storage in the ocean.

A student could use this to judge whether lime-induced carbonate precipitation would lead to durable sequestration (burial) versus re-release by dissolution depending on depth/CCD.

Shows the concrete reaction: calcium hydroxide (lime) reacts with CO2 to form calcium carbonate and water, an example of lime capturing CO2 in a solid form.

A student could extrapolate that adding lime to seawater might similarly convert dissolved CO2 into solid carbonate, then investigate whether that process is discussed as a CCS method.