Who among the following rulers of Vijayanagara Empire constructed a large dam across Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct several kilometres long from the river to the capital city?

States that the Hiriya canal drew water from a dam across the Tungabhadra and irrigated the valley, identifying a major dam+canal system serving Vijayanagara.

A student could note that such a dam+canal existed and then check which rulers of the Sangama period (or later) are credited with building Hiriya to see if Devaraya I fits chronologically.

Describes an elaborate canal system drawing water from the Tungabhadra that conducted water to the 'royal centre', corroborating the existence of engineered waterworks linking river to capital.

Use this pattern (canals supplying the royal centre) plus historical lists of major Vijayanagara rulers to test claims about which king commissioned such works.

Notes that the capital city Vijayanagar stood on the south bank of the Tungabhadra and highlights royal building activity (Krishnadeva Raya building tanks), showing kings did undertake major hydraulic projects near the river.

Combine the geographic fact (capital on Tungabhadra bank) with the known practice of rulers building tanks/canals to evaluate the plausibility that an earlier ruler like Devaraya I could have commissioned a dam/canal.

Identifies the Sangama dynasty as the founding dynasty (Harihara and Bukka) and notes rulers borrowed and developed building techniques, implying large public works were part of dynastic activity.

If Hiriya/dam is attributed to the Sangama dynasty (snippet 2), a student could check whether Devaraya I belonged to that dynasty or a later one to assess likelihood he was the builder.

Explains that archaeological finds, monuments and inscriptions helped rediscover Vijayanagara, indicating that attribution of major works often relies on inscriptions/archaeology rather than later tradition.

A student could seek inscriptions/archaeological attributions for the dam/canal to determine whether they name Devaraya I or some other ruler.

Explicitly states an elaborate canal system drew water from the Tungabhadra to service agricultural tracts within Vijayanagara.

A student could use this pattern (canal from Tungabhadra to city/agriculture) plus maps to judge plausibility of a long canal/aqueduct reaching the capital and then seek specific attributions to Mallikarjuna.

Describes embankments, reservoirs and major tanks (e.g., Kamalapuram tank) built to store and conduct water to the city in an arid zone.

Combine this rule (rulers built substantial water-storage and conveyance works) with geographic facts about Tungabhadra flow to assess whether a dam/canal project fits known water-management practices.

Notes Krishnadeva Raya and other Vijayanagara rulers engaged in building tanks and water-related constructions across the empire.

Use the general pattern that rulers undertook hydraulic projects to consider whether Mallikarjuna, as a ruler, might plausibly have commissioned a major dam/canal, then check for specific attribution in inscriptional or archaeological records.

Locates the capital on the south bank of the Tungabhadra and emphasizes the importance of the river to the empire's territory.

A student can combine the capital's riverside position with maps to evaluate the engineering feasibility and likely route/length of any canal from Tungabhadra to Vijayanagara.

Records that prominent rulers like Krishnadevaraya were active patrons and builders, indicating a tradition of large state-sponsored construction.

Treat this as contextual support for large-scale projects being within the realm of Vijayanagara rulers' activities; then search for Mallikarjuna-specific evidence (inscriptions, traveler accounts) to confirm the claim.

States that the Hiriya canal drew water from a dam across the Tungabhadra and irrigated the valley separating the sacred centre from the urban core.

A student could use this rule/example to check maps/archaeological reports for the Hiriya canal and locate any dam remains upstream of Hampi to assess whether such major works existed.

Describes an elaborate canal system drawing water from the Tungabhadra to service agricultural tracts and the royal centre within the fortified area.

Combine this pattern with distance measurements on a map to judge if a several-kilometre canal-aqueduct from the river to the capital was plausible.

Notes the capital stood on the south bank of the Tungabhadra and that Krishnadeva Raya built tanks and other waterworks in the empire.

Use the known proximity of the city to the river and Krishnadeva Raya’s record as a builder to investigate if major hydraulic works near Hampi could be attributed to rulers of that era.

Records that Krishnadevaraya patronised construction and provided grants to temples and that the capital displayed many grand buildings.

A student could infer that large-scale civic projects (like dams/canals) were within the capacity and patronage patterns of Vijayanagara rulers and then seek archaeological or inscriptional corroboration.

Places Vijayanagara (Hampi) in the Krishna–Tungabhadra doab and ties the city’s memory to people of that river valley.

Use geographic context (doab location) and basic maps to estimate river-to-capital distances and evaluate whether an extended canal-aqueduct would be geographically reasonable.

States there was a prominent Hiriya canal that 'drew water from a dam across the Tungabhadra' and irrigated the valley between sacred centre and urban core.

A student could use this pattern to infer that major dam-and-canal works existed at Vijayanagara and then check if Virupaksha (as a named ruler) is connected to Sangama-period building programmes.

Mentions an elaborate canal system drawing water from the Tungabhadra to service agricultural tracts within the fortified city.

Combine this with maps of Hampi/Vijayanagara to assess the likely route/length of canals and whether they could be described as 'several kilometres' and tied to particular rulers.

Confirms the capital stood on the south bank of the Tungabhadra and that Vijayanagara rulers like Krishnadeva Raya built tanks and waterworks.

Use geographic fact (city on river bank) plus known royal patronage of waterworks to evaluate plausibility that a ruler commissioned large river works; then seek attribution to a specific name.

Explains the centrality of the god Virupaksha to the state — rulers signed as 'Shri Virupaksha' — linking the temple/god to royal identity.

A student might use this to distinguish between the deity Virupaksha (sacred patron) and an individual ruler named Virupaksha, reducing the chance of conflating temple-name with a ruler who commissioned works.

Notes the city and empire's geography (Krishna to south) and that local memory and inscriptions help rediscover Vijayanagara, implying attributions of large works rely on inscriptions and traditions.

Suggests a student should look for epigraphic or traveler accounts that attribute the dam/canal to a specific ruler named Virupaksha rather than to the god or to Sangama kings.