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Q11 (IAS/2024) Geography › Indian Economic Geography › Transport networks India Official Key

Consider the following airports : 1. Donyi Polo Airport 2. Kushinagar International Airport 3. Vijayawada International Airport In the recent past, which of the above have been constructed as Greenfield projects ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (1 and 2 only).

Donyi Polo Airport was constructed as a greenfield project at the cost of more than 640 crore rupees[1], and it is the first greenfield airport in Arunachal Pradesh[2]. Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh has received 'In-Principle' approval as a Greenfield Airport project[3], indicating it was constructed as a greenfield project.

However, Vijayawada International Airport was not constructed as a greenfield project. Vijayawada Airport (also known as Gannavaram Airport) is an existing airport that has been operational for decades and has undergone expansions and upgrades, but it was not built from scratch as a greenfield project. A greenfield airport refers to an airport built on previously undeveloped land, which applies to Donyi Polo and Kushinagar, but not to Vijayawada.

Therefore, only airports 1 and 2 were constructed as greenfield projects, making option A the correct answer.

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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following airports : 1. Donyi Polo Airport 2. Kushinagar International Airport 3. Vijayawada International Airport In the …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 6.7/10
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This is a classic 'News-to-Policy' question. While Donyi Polo and Kushinagar were headline-grabbers (PIB/The Hindu), the real test was identifying the 'trap' option (Vijayawada). The strategy is not just knowing *what* opened, but *how* it was built (Greenfield Policy 2008 vs. AAI upgrade). Standard books define the concept; newspapers provide the specific examples.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Donyi Polo Airport (an airport in Arunachal Pradesh, India) constructed as a Greenfield airport project?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"... Donyi Polo Airport as the first greenfield project at the cost of more than 640 crore rupees."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly refers to Donyi Polo Airport as the first greenfield project.
  • Provides a direct statement linking the airport's construction type to 'greenfield'.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Although it’s not the first greenfield airport in the country, it is the very first of its kind in Arunachal Pradesh."
Why this source?
  • States that the airport is the first of its kind in Arunachal Pradesh in the context of greenfield airports.
  • Names Donyi Polo Airport (Hollongi) and places it within a greenfield-airport discussion.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Operational Greenfield Airports in India The operational greenfield airports in India are: 1. Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport 2. Donyi Polo Airport"
Why this source?
  • Lists Donyi Polo Airport among 'Operational Greenfield Airports in India'.
  • Positions the airport within an enumerated list of greenfield facilities, implying its greenfield status.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 20: Investment Models > Airports and PPP > p. 590
Strength: 5/5
“Six new airports are also proposed to be managed through the PPP route, which includes Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Guwahati, Thiruvananthapuram and Mangaluru. Several greenfield airports are also in the pipeline. Some of them are Mopa (Goa), Navi Mumbai, Jewar and Hisar for Delhi NCR, Vijayapura and Gulbarga in Karnataka, Itanagar, Alwar, Jamshedpur, etc.”
Why relevant

Lists several 'greenfield airports in the pipeline' and explicitly names 'Itanagar' among them — Itanagar is the city served by Donyi Polo Airport.

How to extend

A student could connect the named item 'Itanagar' to Donyi Polo Airport (served city) via a map or basic fact that Donyi Polo is the airport for Itanagar, suggesting it was planned as a greenfield project.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > New Aviation Policy 2016 > p. 34
Strength: 3/5
“The Government of India launched the new aviation policy which was approved by the cabinet on 15th June, 2016. The salient points of the new aviation policy are: • 1. At present the number of about 80 million. The objective is to increase the number of flyers to 300 million by 2022.• 2. Fifty new airports handling scheduled commercial flights in addition to the current 77 by 2019.• 3. Total fare on one hour-long flights under regional connectivity scheme to unserved airports to cost about 2500 per ticket.• 4. A small levy on passengers flying from top 18 airports.• 5.”
Why relevant

New Aviation Policy 2016 calls for 'Fifty new airports' in addition to existing ones, indicating government policy driving construction of new (often greenfield) airports.

How to extend

A student could check whether Donyi Polo was one of the new airports promoted after 2016, using the policy's timeframe and lists of projects.

Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 14: Infrastructure and Investment Models > Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) > p. 424
Strength: 3/5
“The scheme intends to put on the aviation map, India's smaller cities and towns, which were till now uneconomical for commercial airlines to fly. Integral to the scheme is the development of the 450 odd airports/ airstrips in the country which has immense potential but is lying dormant and construction of new airports. The civil aviation ministry with the assistance of state governments wants to develop "no frills" airports, at an indicative cost of Rs. 50-100 crore each. The government has a two-pronged strategy for the implementation of the RCS: • First, in order to stimulate demand on untapped routes, it has proposed capping fares at Rs.”
Why relevant

Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS/UDAN) intends development of ~450 airports/airstrips and 'construction of new airports', showing a programmatic push for building new (likely greenfield or no‑frills) airports.

How to extend

One could match Donyi Polo's operationalization date or scheme participation with UDAN/RCS project lists to infer if it was built as a new airport.

INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: International Trade > Airports > p. 92
Strength: 3/5
“Since 2017, under the UDAN scheme, a total number of 73 unserved/underserved airports including 9 Heliports and 2 water aerodromes have been operationalized (Source: PIB, Ministry of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India, 2023) You have already studied about the air transport in the previous chapter. You consult the chapter on transport to find out the main features of air transport in India.”
Why relevant

NCERT notes that since 2017 under UDAN a number of previously unserved/underserved airports were operationalized, giving an example of many new airport projects being activated recently.

How to extend

A student could use Donyi Polo's commission year relative to 2017 and UDAN activations to judge whether it was a newly constructed (greenfield) facility.

Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 20: Investment Models > However, challenges for airport development through PPP are: > p. 591
Strength: 2/5
“• The biggest challenge is undoubtedly land acquisition. Airports require vast area/patch of land, and its acquisition has been difficult due to protests and demand for compensation. Notable examples are Jewar (UP) and Hisar (Haryana). • Funding constraints. α• Clearances from the state government. ó• Poor planning and cost overruns. a.• Pressure on AAI to manage large number of airports (133 at present). • Viability issues, especially with regard to smaller airports.”
Why relevant

States a general rule: greenfield airport development often faces major land‑acquisition challenges — a characteristic feature of greenfield projects.

How to extend

A student could look for records of land acquisition issues or large land requirements in reports about Donyi Polo to see if it matches typical greenfield patterns.

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