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Q93 (IAS/2026) Science & Technology › Space & Defence Technology Official Key

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India?
1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
2. T-90 MK-III Tanks
3. Akula Class Submarine
Select the answer using the code given below:

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The Su-30 MKI is a twin-seater, twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft developed by Russia's Sukhoi and built under license in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

Statement 2 is correct: The T-90 tanks (known as Bhishma in India) are manufactured domestically by the Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) at Avadi, Tamil Nadu, under a technology transfer and license agreement with Russia.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Akula Class Submarine is a nuclear-powered attack submarine designed and built in Russia. India operated an Akula-class submarine (INS Chakra) on a long-term lease from Russia, but it is not manufactured in India.

Therefore, only items 1 and 2 are manufactured in India.

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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN

Guest preview
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10
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This is a classic 'Make in India' defence sector question. UPSC loves testing the distinction between indigenous manufacturing (even under license/ToT) versus direct imports or leases. You cannot rely on static books for this; tracking MoD press releases and major defence deals in the news is mandatory.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is the Su-30 MKI fighter jet manufactured in India?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable
Web / Current Affairs
www.pib.gov.in Primary · Govt
Presence: 5/5
"These aircraft would be manufactured at Nasik division of HAL. ... The aircraft would have an indigenous content of 62.6%, enhanced due to indiginisation of many components to be manufactured by Indian defence industry."
Why this source?
  • Directly confirms that Su-30MKI aircraft are manufactured at the Nasik division of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
  • Mentions a specific contract signed on December 12, 2024, for the procurement of 12 additional Su-30MKI aircraft to be manufactured in India.
  • States that these aircraft have an indigenous content of 62.6%.
ddnews.gov.in Primary · Govt
Presence: 5/5
Why this source?
  • Details the manufacturing of the AL-31FP aero-engines for the Su-30MKI at HAL's Koraput Division.
  • Confirms the ongoing 'Aatmanirbharta' (self-reliance) efforts in the production and maintenance of the Su-30 fleet within India.
  • Notes a contract for 240 engines to be manufactured over eight years starting from 2024.
drdo.gov.in Primary · Govt
Presence: 5/5
Why this source?
  • Official parliamentary record confirming that Su-30 MKI aircraft are manufactured in India by HAL under license.
  • Distinguishes between indigenously designed aircraft (like Tejas) and those manufactured under Transfer of Technology (ToT) like the Su-30 MKI.
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