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Q110
(NDA-I/2023)
Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
Official Key
Which among the following is the popular method for manufacture of ammonia ?
Explanation
The Haber-Bosch process is the standard industrial method for the large-scale production of ammonia (NH3). Developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in the early 20th century, it revolutionized agriculture by enabling the mass production of synthetic fertilizers.
- Process: It involves the direct combination of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gas.
- Conditions: The reaction is carried out under high pressure (approximately 150–250 atmospheres) and high temperature (400–500°C) in the presence of an iron catalyst.
Regarding other options:
- Ostwald's process is the industrial method for manufacturing nitric acid (HNO3) by oxidizing ammonia.
- Electrolysis is primarily used for producing high-purity hydrogen or aluminum, though it is becoming relevant for 'Green Ammonia' production.
- Electric furnace process is typically used in the production of phosphorus or steel.
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