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Q105 (NDA-I/2024) Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) Official Key

Soap with water forms :

Explanation

Soap molecules are amphiphilic, consisting of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) polar head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) non-polar hydrocarbon tail. When mixed with water, these molecules self-assemble into organized structures.

  • Lyotropic liquid crystals are phases where the liquid crystalline properties are induced by the concentration of a solute in a solvent (typically water), alongside temperature.
  • When the concentration of soap in water increases, the molecules form various ordered structures like micelles, hexagonal, or lamellar phases. This concentration-dependent behavior is the defining characteristic of lyotropic systems.
  • In contrast, Thermotropic liquid crystals change phases based solely on temperature changes (commonly used in LCD screens), and Metallotropic crystals involve metal-organic complexes.

Since the phase behavior of soap depends on its concentration in water, it is classified as a lyotropic liquid crystal.

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